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jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
4.1 feJejklge Oibu inzuijrunjmnT
4.2 tmbbR OijYukhnbu inzuirnjm³T EmbR jyukvDpu
4.3 ExuX vRodXmknu SrRk yubu
4.4 desepÀen EmsRX SrRk yume~dRnu Sen-luXbu
4.5 mmu-mpu EmsRX kmRnetege mfm
4.6 korkRlmge mfm Em<X tmnbge mcukoSX
4.7 mtm
4.8 OJuoSXge Ojtujnume EmsRX onXtmbu
mor<bu tu‰k : mVh-jluySX EmsRX
KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
tmbu huybos OJu Em<X mVhjruioSXnu , Emgu Emgu
tujYuk tuoSn jtFdRnu , jfuj}ml Em<X injfuj}ml Oibu
mOXdu , vR~uige Oibu nunjYukpu yudbu , Emgu Emgu mor
Vlnbge kRjyumnRXdu jYuki . mVh-jluySX huybos , me
kuXlRp Emnu , iSu Emod mVhjruioSX yuOnu jSmbu cDn
pYup Emu VlJrbu EmsRX mdRge mnRXdu Ajvuy iSu iSuge
fmfm EmsRX S_m VlJrbu mfm Emon . mVhjluySXdu ExuX Emnu , muge mrRpku vDn-Vcnbu n|gu,
nmn-Su~om~bu, ESXbu mtmdu fmmendRnu wuor wutui
jtFbu, EyR\e ajsmobÀ du pR~u jlpom~bu EmsRX hruO
nRxuibu nRom`u nRxuimen bu ,KusrRmdu pR~u v~ Vnnbu , Kus
jt#ke jtFdBeVx mmuXdu , lmuy tpnu fuj_u_Rnu
jyXmennbu EmsRX Kuske Smun jlXmu~bu mmunnbuoSX
EmsRX OJuSeXgu jluynnu , mfm Emdu c`Rnu ao_ozot
jtFrRbu , huyorbu pRmnmk Eosnu tmolbu me kuXlRp
Emge lmcD SuJD huybos korjnu huybge cuOrukpu
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
S_mon . huyJovBboSX Eosge yRvl mrRmdu pRmnmk
EosbR Sel luXolbu OJuoSX Em<X jhdmustr huybos
yumnu mrR Oibu meOioSXon. krmnu AjvuynumVh-jluySX
EmsRX KusrRmge i nzuijrunjmnTpR tmbu tukpebdu vRjduX
cunbu mOXdu oSl-luXgdjg ? krmnu Ajvuynu mVhjluySXge ExuXoSXdu, mjvuyge VlJorbu Jgu vrdR ,
ExuXoSXnu hruO tyumnu Eok tRJRXbu yuOdnu Emod
OJuoSXnu nRxuiJbu mOXdu krmnu Ymgdjg?
inzuijrunjmnTke ofoJjkl Em<X suijkujluoJjklge
Oibu jpuDlmoSX Eos yumnu mrR Oi Em<X Emgu Emgu
mor yumnu VlVn . tu‰k Eosdu Ajvuynu mR~u
jyXoSngjdForbos mY_u pnJovBbu inzuirnjmnToSXoSgu,
ExuXoSXge tmbgu kor mor Vlnbjg .
4.1 feJejklge Oibu inzuijrunjmnT
iSunu vxnu n|gu vxdnu , mVh-jluySXnu jSmjduKbu ,
mnRXdu n|gu mpundu , ExuXoSXnu EtD Evm Vltnu
mjvuyge Ejkuybdu Vlorbu jpuDSkoSXgu mujyukndRnu Vl.
EdRm Oinmk Ajvuynu tmnbgedmk ofoJjkl
inzuirnjmnTke mrR Oibnu jlFjd . yumnu jtuynu KusrRm
huybos yumnu oco{ , tmnbgedmk Jgu Vljt , jyXbdu
fJbu Oijd EmsRX ExuXoSXge mjYF tubu jyXlgu
jSmjd. ¸kRlge Erunbu mSk mOXoSXdge OJuoSXnu
puXjYu\dbu YbkoSXge mLn jhngDhnbu xmjd.
tjSXnmo_ ofoJjkl inzuirnjmnTpR ¸kRlge
ao_ozotoSXge cXJfm Oinu jlFbos luo{ .
ExuX Emnu jyXbdu jhk nRxuiJbu mfm huybos mcR
kyunu VljtXbu, mrRp mpuXoSX Vlbu Em<X Su~
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jvuDnbnocXbgedmk motk cubu mfm Vlbu, mfmdRdu Unu
wunu kyunu VljtXbu Sx kyunu t`nu hui-HmdRnu cDolbu
Em<X Su~jpuDoSX Vlbu mfm Oigdbon. ExuXoSXbR
nRxuiJnu Ymnbgedmk mY_u pnovBboSX Eos mVhjluySXge Ejkuybdu Vlhngdbon .
fXlebu mfmge mjtXnu tmbu :
ExuXSeXnu indBeSeX mjtXnu mrR Oinu UrRbdge Emde
jSuKRbdge vXlki . duijmnSn 3ge jpuD Emnu
ExuXSeXgu jtup-jtuppu mlte jSnSre akspereans
fXnbge mOX Emu pebu yui . mfmge duijmnSn, mOX
mjtF, cuO-SuXb, aXgl, jlXbu EmsRX mfm Emge
atBebR=t-mnRX-mpun, mYk-mvu Oi-jyD mu~bge mjtFnceXbu
Ese jlul, beëun, E‰ EmsRX inzuirnjm³T tmbdu
SeJe~bu yui . msege knjSp Ese jlrebu Emde jnFnu
jSmgdSeXdu apÀui jtFbu yui .
3 KusrRmge mfm : jYuXnuOdu Vlrebu jyuDVcSeX EdRbR
ibu tmdBeVxge oºkl tmbdu, mjcD-mkuy tmbdu
SeJe~bu yubu mOXdu jSmbu yui ; jYuXge Hmuinu
Vlmuidu aXgl idRnu tmbebu yui ; Kusge kpjbud}nu
luijbBre Oinu SeJe~bu yui ; SeleX jfnbR mcR
kyunu VljtXdRnu ExuXSeXbu jyXbdy nRXxuiJhnbu
yui .
3 mpunge pRru n|gu vr huXbu mfm : ferulge
VcjvukpR snduil Oinu nRmeDge jvuXcDtge mtm
vXnbu SeJe~bu yui ; U pumbe YudRnu fJhnbu yui ;
SeJendBbu tuyr jvumJndRnu adjzncrge Se~fm
jSmbu yui ;bs, jtBn, jpu# Ofes,
dRku~ceXbgemOXdu a_eX jtFnbu jSmbu yui ;Vljvum
Emde Vljxui SeJe~dRnu cex-mun, Upl-wupl,
puDjSmdRnu Se~bu yui . Eteyuge Exkpu,
mjhFSuge Oibu jpuDSkSeX kyuge mtuXdu
vXjJnbu, hurjbl heduk pumbe Yubu, jnuXge ISeX
tRXSenbu EsenceXbu jtFbu yui .
KusrRm mnRXdu motk cunu nRomDke mxul fXbu kuge
fKuXoSXdu , mvl mvu kyuge jyXbdu nRxuibu
jpuDlmoSXnu VljtXbu Oigdbon. Ejykpu lui, &t}
EmsRX kBuftke YbkoSXnu jSmlkpu jpuDlm pubdu
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nRxuibu wuVh vru Em<X mmu mpuoSXnu ExuXoSXbR pRkonX
jYFgDpge wuVhnocXboS fXhngdbon . mfmdRge EwuXbu
EjcFbu Eos , jtuxun jtuxunbu cohge ExuXoSXnu nRxuinu
VlJbu xmhngdbon . Ajvuyge mVh-jluySX Eyumbu
EjmuDpu , mjcD mjcD jhubu fKuX , jyXbdu pRkonX
hkcuX nRxuionxui Oidbnu Eyumbon. mos mVh-jluySXge
OJuoSX adomonj#BtroSX EmsR X &rokjtkcroSXnu pR~u
jhuDnrbod EjhuXbu pRr\on .
mVh-jluySXgedmk vËuidge VpSu cXbu mcuk Emod msege
Sxjln on. mVh moSX tmbge EjcFbu SrRk Emod mosge
mvu jpuo{bon . mVh-jluySX ge jluySxbR jSmgD
SugDnbu n|gnu jh~u pukjYuk cuOjYuknbu , mvl mvuge
pumVb kyu oSoJ~bu yui. mVh-jluySXge ofoJjkl
inzuirnjm³T fgDhnbu huybos , <pntge mcR mjmn
jhuXbu v_u nj`. mos jpdujguoJ EmsR X ExuXoSXge
ofoJjklge Oibu fXlebu mfmgu tDn-Yunbu yudbu mordRdu
yRmfm Oirgu , mVh-jluySXbR EjhuXbu pRrknbu
jhuDnbdRon. Vlbuk Eosge mfm kyudu mVh-jluySXge
fKuXoSXdu yumnu cuOnu jyKgu Ymbos cDVn. mos jyXbdu
nRxui , EdRm Oinmk nRmeD vRodXge E<m jyXlKbod
Etnbu fuOrki Em<X mdRge ku~bu muXlki . mosge
mH`u , Eopk Eopkpu , mtm mtmge mtRX i~u
jhuXgdbu kyu , mcR kyunu VljtXdRnu Ymbu yui .
ExuXoSXnu jSmJbu cu}tnocXbu n|gu OJuoSXnu jSmJbu
jpuDSkoSXnu VljtXbu yui Em<X Yu vRodXge EjnF
EjnFbu jpuDSkoSXnu oSoJnobbu yui. EosLmbu
jpuDSkoSX jSmbu huybos< tmnbge pumVb Oiorbon.
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
mVh-jluySX Eyumbu mSuge SunnbRX VlJjd. mosnu
kuorkRlmnu Oiho~Xlebu Su~bRXbR SeoJ~dRnu tmobbge mOX
EdR Ybk Oinu OnjYukpu xmhnjd.
krekRlmge jvuXcD Esedu Kus Emdu Vlbu mVhjrui mSeX
Esenu krmbu jmjYud SeJe~bu EmsRX krmbu pBu_es
jtFgdjg huybSedu Eknbu ioYl pe . jnsjnl EmsRX
i³Trjnsjnlge akspereansnu vXh{ebde msene mdRde
mVhtmbge Yuk vRdeXm\edmk OJu Emnu Kus Emdu
mVhirui 30 Vlbdge jhj{uidbne . 1966du jkuYure
kmeSnge rejput}nu huyrmme mdRde yumnu mSeX yumbu Kus
huybsenu tmbebge k©ulete muXh{e .
yumdBbdu txuifdnu Vlfm jYukpu jpuDSo\ Oibu
mcukoSX Eosgu jluynnu mVh-jluySXoSXge mjkuk
jYuXbSeX nu Kstr EmsRX jbÀ u \e km}ucuoroSXgu jluynnu
kuorkRlmnu huyorbu pundmdR fXnbu kor jYFruX jtFbjg
huybdR v~gdbon. mos mVh-jluySXge pRnosge SrRk
pRmnm_u mjYF tuorbon . xosod EjnF EjnFbu jpdujguoJ
kyu pRjYuKjK. od: op: I: pe: nu KusrRmge jpuDS\e Oibu
S_mbR , EjnFbu mOX Emdu ExuXoSXbR kuXlRp mcu mcu
jYuknu pR~u fmme~hnbu n|gnu jkuynu fmme~dRnu wuor
olnbu n|gu mjvuy mjvuyge pubu Em<X inbge mjYFoSXdR
jtFnbgedmk mYn mYntu jtuxun jtuxunnu fmhnbu n|gu
jrodO EmsRX otoz jyXnbgedmk pR~u fmme~bu yubu
mOXdu Se~bu huyor . mVh-jluySX Eyumbnu mY_u
pnovBboSX Eos yumnbgedmk Ecm Ecmbu froncroSX
fXho{ . Eopkpu Ecmbu jcFokB n|gu jdsk EmsRX
jcFokBoSX n|gu ExuXoSXnu fmnbu fk EmsRX mfm
mtmge mtRX i~u jhuXjduk jhuXoJn jtFbu yubu numu
jSuyrbu kuXbRoSXnu oSoJ~bu yubu Ecmbu mfm fXhnbu
yui . jtFiLmbsRX mVh-jluySX Eyumbnu jyuDnu Subu
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
ErRmbu jbns oSX EmsRX ESuX ESuXbu jdks kudRnu
Emod mjvuydR pjrX pjrX Ymbu EmsRX OJu Emod jblk
jbud}tu meDjyXfm Oirgu tmbu luiork vRDtmbe EmbR
EsRmmk pRkonX jYFgDtRnu Vljr . jh~u pRkonX
jSukonxui Oibu wufm Emod huyorbu mfmoSX Eosdu
ExuXoSX mSuge jpuD Vc vRdm Oinu luiorknocXbge
Ymfm Vljt, ExuXoSX Eosge mSuge Oibu nRxuibbR
tRXOinrgu , ofoJjkl inzuirnjmnT jSmi. EosLmbu
fo}ncroSXos oSoJ~bu oYXgdbon.
mVh-jluySXge VlJorbu EhuXbu mfm Em<X kuge mnRXdu
Vlorbu mfm Eos jpdujguoJge mcuk Emu Oinu yuorbmVv
oSoJ~gdbon. mfm vrdu pBuimuor mVh-jluySXge fKuX
Eos Vlmuydge fRt mor jrum wuXnu EmRbu mcR VtdRnu
ExuXoSXnu onX tmnu oSoJ~bu yubu jbÀk jbud} Oiho{.
mVh-jluySX vrdnu oJOomo| ge Oibu odJuin Eos ,
mVh-jluySXge Vlmuydu jy_Rnu Ymme. kuocnoSXbR tmbge
mcuk mYRm VpSnfm Oinu Ymbu yui , wuor luiork Ymbu
yui , puOjvuX n|gu pJl kud} Ymobbu yui. ExuXoSXnu
OJuoSXdge puru tmbu jluyrgu , kuge kuocndu cXlgu
jlFvDonXbu jlFv`Rnu jtFonXbu jtFbu yui.
ExuXoSXbR
mVh-jluySX
EmsRX
KusrRmbR
jvuydhnnbgedmk jSmbu tmbe-tukpebge jYFOX, Ybk,
Emod Sunn-jvuDnbge ao_ozotoSXdu SrRk yubdu, pRkonX
jYFgDpegdbon. srkurge mVh-jluySX Eyumbdu
ExuXoSXbR mjvuyge mjYF Emu Oinu mVh-jluySXge ku
jSXjdukhnbu huybos cDVn. EdRm Oinmk luibk Yebod ,
zurtke mfm vrdu mVh-jluySXge ku jSXbge Ybk Eos
nRpemcuoSX Em<X hnYbu Yu\e meOioSXnu jtFho{. jSl
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YRmge ofzm fbu mmu mpuoSXge mcuoSXnu tmolbu mVhjluySXoSXdod , jSXjduk jvuDjtukpu huybos dnod Oinu
, mjYF Emu Oinod jtFjdB . EosLmbu jYFOX Eosnu ,
pRkonX jYFgDonxui Oidbu nuDke Oibu EjSuyboSXbR mVhjluySXdu pRr_Rnu , jSuyrbu cDnobbR mvu tunu VlYho{ .
mVh-jluySX huybos vR~uige SrRk Emu Oinu mu~bu smuJ
Emge wuvlbR OJu Emod Cu|oSXdu vxhndRnu mu~bu Yu\e
smuJ Emu pRrkpdu mjtX puXhngdbon. Ejtuppu
meDjyX Emdu , KusrRm lR nunbu Em<X jpuDSk vRodXmk
mfm cunu cunu Ymbu huybos mrR Oibu kuorkRlr
akspeoranson . mSubR vR~uige mrRp Emu Oinu vnbu
Em<X kuXlRp Oinu Y bk <bge mjYF tubdR tmobgdbon.
EcRmb_e mVh-jluySX Emde msege mnRXdu Vlorbu jpuDlmVcrm pRmnmkpR jSmgD SugDpu mtmdu ExuXSeXnu
jvuydJbu Emde a_ezete jtFbdu vRDjluynbu mOXdu
jSmbu txuifdbne . mrr Oinu ExuXSeXgedmk mfmge
pukpu cuObu, Sx EmsRX frnecrSeXge moX mjtF Emde
Ymfmge jnum} EmsRX yunrbu mOX EdRnu tmbebge mgRn
jlppdu mjtX puXi .
• mfmge pukpu cuObuge jnu}m Ese mVhjruiSeX che,
gBpR Emdu mVhjruiSeXge mSeX, OJu Emgu jlu
ynbu mVhjruiSeXge mSeX EmsRX a_ezetege mOX
mjtFgu mre VlVn .
• Sxge mcuk, Eurokjtkcrge mOX EmsRX SugDpge
mOX huybSe mfm mfmdRge mOX mtRX innu, mfmdRge
klcrbR muXOinnu Ymlgu, hwu nRXSeDge jYF tubu
jckSngdbu pRmnmk jyXdRnu Emde hkcuX
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fnbgeedmk Emde vRjduX Yebdge xukjYunbgedbk
jlFbu yubu jvuXYuX pRmnmk jlFdRnu ;jSmgdbne .
mml icX cXdnu Subu yubu EmuXSx Subge
odJuinSeX yumnu Vljr . mVh-jluySx Subge
odJuinSR Yebu mjYF tui .
• fne}crge jnum} Ese mVhjruiSeX che, a_ezetege
mOX mjtFgu mregu mre Vlngdbne .
• mcuk-mYRm pRmnmk Ese luinu fXbu, mml yumdbu
Emde mfmdRge cDn-jluncDtu yRmfm Oigdbne .
• mtm jtbl jSmbdu mfm Emde che jyXdRnu jSmbu
jnu}m cDnhngdbne .
4.2 tmbbR OijYukhnbu inzuirnjm³T EmbR jyukvDpu
mVh-jluySX huybos vR~uige mfm Emu Oibnu ,
mfm Eosge mu~bu Yu\e vR~uige Oibu onym Em<X
jv~boSXge ikui vRmnbu , ExuXoSXge hk Em<X mdR
xukpu huybnocXbu Eosge jvuXYufm Oigdbon. huyorbu
jzl=RoSX Eos ¸kRldu Vlorbu meDjyXge SrRk Emu
Oiorbon Em<X mVh-jluySXge pBuo_Ske yRmfm Oigdbon
. tmbbR OijYukhnbu inzuirnjmnT Emu , mdRge mnRXdu
kebu fuOdbu Em<X nRoS cu~nu , mu~bu Yuk Emdu
Vlom~bge wuvlnu mpRX Oibu huybos yuOorbon .
huyorboSXos OijYuknbu jhuDnbos tmoYnu wubu Ybk
nj`. OJuoSXnu Cu|oSXbR wuhX hXnnbu pRkonX
jYFgDpegdbon . OJuoSXnu mVhjruioSXgu wuor wutui
jtFdRnu , tmbge mhuO jhngDhngdbon. mVhjruioSXnu
mjvuynu jYXnrkpu jYFjdukoSXdu yRmfm OidRnu , mjvuyge
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
ceXnbbR jkuknnbu wuhX hXbu huybos jluynrbdtu
,tmobbdu jh~u fbu Oigon . ExuXoSXbR wu xuXnbu
Em<X tRom~u Vlnnbu Emod xuXbu yubu jlun EmsRX
xuXbu yudbu jlun Eon vuyjdu_Rnu Ymbu huybnocXbu Eosge
mH`u ExuXoSXbR wu xuXbdu pRkonX jYFgDlbod , KusrRmdu
mjvuynu yumnu nRxuiJbu huybdR jYu\on . EosLmbu
mvlge inzuijrunjmnT Emgu , mSunu mSubR YuJbu Emod
mLn Vlnu vnbu huybos Oir\on, mdRnu mjvuyge tRXge
pRnosge yuifbu pegon .
azjrjdu OJu EmsRX mVhjruySeXnu jnuXmdu pRX 6 mRk
EmsRX pRX 1000 dge jh~u che Emdu mtm jlnmeV~ .
mjvuynu fXlebu mfm Ese mjvuynu tmbu mtmdu nRXxuiJbu
,tmbgedmk vRjduXcubu Oigdbne . msegedmk mVh -jluySXdu
mjYF tubu frnecr, jtuyjlt, Yknbu ISeXnceXbu
fXhngdbne. mseLmbu mjYF tubu pRmnmk Ese fXdbu mVhjluySX myum Emu vRäXge mVh-jluySXSeXdu mrR Oinu
jsdRl ku# EmsRX TBuibSeXge mfmSeXdu Vlre . OJuSeX,
jhdm#rSeX, ze:i:se: SeX, ºkRl dejzlpjm³T EmsRX
jmunetreX kmete SeXnu txuifnu Ymgdbu jnum}SeX EdR
vXgdbne . mdR mtek cunu VlrmdBbde mdR Vlh~bu jhuDngdbne
. srkur mse pebedu jYXYrbde mfmdRge kmetenu YRnu
perknbu tkSengdbne . EsRmnu kmetenu jtFberbde
OJuSeXnu jn-nu tunu akjdme\e Yb_u mui OnSnbu xmgne
.
OJu Em<X mVhjrui Eon Eos vR~uige SrRk Emon .
mjvuy mSuge S_m huybos mjvuy mSuge ku# , jJndr ,
]m} Em<X jlun kuxlRpke Emod jSl YRmge ofzmge
mvu jpuo{. |uijbl Em<X dolDke kuXbRoSX , moSX
hnYbu kuXbRge Em<X nRpe kuXbRoSX Eos , mjvuyge
vR~uidu Vlorbu S_m Eosnu mrm OidRnu mu~bu jYFOXge
vRjduXcubu pejd . mVh-jluySX ge mtuXdu ors}s jtFbu
mtmdu Ajvuynu vXolbod , jSuDYjhFrbu ExuX kuXbR Eos
, mjvuybR hnYnu jyXobbod jlpjt . mVh-jluySXge
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
akspeoranske SrRk Emu Oinu , ExuX vRodXmknu me
Emgu Emgge mor , OJuoSXge mOX-mjtFnocXbu Eos
vxnnbu jhuDngdbon . dolD Em<X hnYbu Yuo\ ku#
Em<X jtuvuynu injYu_Rnu Ymobrbu jsks wuk}kroSX ,
aic &I oz fXlbu mmu mpuoSX , mrm pRmnmkosnu
KusrRmbR jyXoSngdbon . numu jSuyrbu ExuXoSXbR ,
mjvuyge mjYFtubudR vXobdnu Ymbe . nRpemcuoSX mjvuyge
tRXge pRnosge pundmos , yRmge nRpe Oirkpu Em<X mmu
Oirkpu n`nu , mjvuyge hk tunbge wufm Vljt
huybnocXbu wufmoSX Eos jtuynu jtuynu luki . numu
jSuyrbu ExuXoSXgedmk mjYF tubu inzuijrunjmnTpR
vxobodB . mVh-jluySXge KusrRm huybos ikRiotbl
Oigdbon n|gu jJndrdu , ku# tu, |uibtu n|gu
muijnuorot gBRptu vRjduXcubu peobdbu huybos
jYukhj{uidbon . Ejtuppu meDjyX Emdu , mVh-jluySX
ge klcr huybos ¸ mVh-jluySXge mVhjruioSXnu jSmJbu
, mjvuyge nRxuiJnbu mOXdu oS[ luXJbu Oigdbon .
4.3 ExuX vRodXmknu SrRk yubu
SrRk yumennbu huybsebR mdRbR jkuySndRnu Ymlebu wuvj{un
EmsRX ruJnetege Oibu kRjyum EdRnu Sk tuki . vRdm
Oinu , jdjmujkBsege wuvj{un mvudu SrRk yumenndRnu Ybk
jtFmennbu huybosgu sRpnm susnge Oibu wuvj{un Emdu
yRmfm OidRnu Ybk jtFmennbu huybsegu jvDVn . xse
sezel jsusuitenu SrRk yudRnu cuOvD jYFrmdu Ybk
jtFbu huybse jtFSennbu huybdR turjK . pBJu Emu
huybse krejnu huynu hXbu wuhX Esege puOvRmgu SrRk
yumennbge mOX mjtFgu mre VlVn . xsede sezel
jsusuitenu SrRk yudRnu cuOvD jYFrmdu Ybk jtFbgu an:
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Je: O: nu SrRk yubgu munnu jlFnnjr . EsRmnu pBuJuSeXbR
SrRk yuhnnbu hunrjK .
zurt v©uidge jhnnu lerbu EmsRX v©uidge cuObu
jdjmujkBse cDpu Vlbukne. msege yRmfmdu krekRlm
jfBmwuk Vnnrebne . idRjkS~u Jute Emge mSk tuki
EmsRX jdjmujkBsege EjSXbu mLnge akspereans pR
ExuXSeXdu pebu xmbge S_e Vl . lXlu-lXoJn kyunu
pRnSendRnu mcR kyunu VljtXbu pRkneX Hnu neXYeJrbu fege
jpuDlm kyu pRjYukpLm, zurtke ExuX vRodXmkpR
jdjmujkBsege jvuXcDtu SrRk yuhnbtu n`nu jdjmujkBsebR
muXhndnu EmsRX mLn jhngDhnbgedmk Emgu Emgu wure
wutui jtFdnR u jvuXjlui SugDpbbR tmbu yui . Ajvuyge
smuJek EmsRX ruJnetek Oibu SkOX Ese Ajvuy
Emgu Emgu krmnu wure wutui Sunnbge mOX mjtF
EmsRX mLngu mre VlVn . EdRm Oinmk, Eyumbu mtmdu
ExuXSeXnu myum mr_u otnbu mtmdde mjvuybR jtuvuynu
jyXbebu meDjyX Emnu mpRX Oi . ExuXSeX Emde
EhlSeXnu mjvuyge myRmdu, kuXlRpge mnRXdu Emde
Ejkuybdu Vlrebu pRmnm_ge fXbu akspereansdge
tmme . cDnrebu smuJ EdRge mnRXdu vr jh~u mpRX Oinu
cDnbu lecD Emnu leceX OidRnu Ehl-lmlSeXnu
ExuXSeXbR merk tenh{e huybSe vXbebu mjYF tui .
msege ExuXSeXnu Te: ze: EmsRX jmdeyunceXbdge
tmlkpu tmJneXxui Oibu S_mne huynu v[buSeXdRSR
yuOrebne . msege akspereansSeX Esenu mjvuyge
wuvldu Vlrebu ku# EmsRX Kus, jJndr, jdjmujkBse
EmsRX Jo#snceXbge S_mbR jSmbe SufR pe . msenu
t`nu hnJen hnJen fXbu akspereans OirKbde,
86
mtm vrge mtRXdu jz=lR Oirki . msenu meOi kuXlRp
Emge Yu_u, meOi- vrnu cp munnbu akspereans fXbu
mtmdu Emde mdR nu mrm OidRnu mjvuy mjSlge mr_u
jz=lRdu jvDnbu Vlrj_ . msege jz=lR Ese mtm vrge
mtRXdu klcr OnjyuKki, kreLmbu mtmdu mse wuvj{ul
Oirki . EsRmnu fXlebu akspereansSeX EsebR
SeXnbu Vltnu EsRm cDYrbde jz=lR Emde klcr EdR
jhnnu mru jcDnu mpRX mVr fugDlki . akspereanstu
SeXnbu pRrkpu huybse hu~ge akspereans EdRbR YRguibu
xmbu Eknbu Emu EmRk Oigdbne . ExuX Emnu
kreLmbu Em`u muXjJFnnu tmlkpu jtFdnu, ivX
vXjhFdnu jnuXmu jh_u, che 18 SRrbu mtRXdu, jdmujkBsebR
xukpu EmsRX mLn jhngDhnbu, mrR Oinu mjvuynu mSunu
n|gu Ejtuppu knuLmbu Emdge fXlkpu akspereans
Emdge tmlkpu n`Bbde jh_u xmgdbu nj` .
ExuXSeXnu SrRk yubu igletreyun Oibu, jdjmujkBse,
jskRlreJm EmsRX mu~bu Yukke vRnui EmbR jh~u mpRX
fuh~bu EmsRX k~nbge Oibu jh~u wuXbu Yukke pundm
Emu fXnnbedm_ne . huyrebu jz=lRSeX pRrknbgedmk
mpRRX fubu, fJnu jSm-Surbu krekRlm jSmbu mjYF tui .
xsege mVh-jluySXSeXdu Oirebu pRkneX jYFgDneXxui
OidBbu kmpetesn Esenu sXbe]unge wuvl leceXbR
SeXndRnu Emde msege O~ Vtnbu muyVkjrumdu
mVhjruySeXbR HmdRnu pRre . mVh-jluySXge mnR Xdu EmsRX
mpundu jdjmujkBsege Efbu mLn EmsRX jdjmujkBsedu
SrRk yubge mhuO EdR fuOhnbu xmbu akspereans
pegdbne . SrRk yumenndRnu cDpu jdjmujkBse Emge
Oirknbge mXlunbR jSFgDlkkdbu, pRmnmkpR jkunSnbu
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
jz=lR EmbR pRkneX jYFgDkdbu akspereans yurebmVv
ExuXSeXdu fXhngdbne .
jdjmujkBsedu SrRk yuhnbu huybse jSuDYjhFrbu Emde
ij’ukperbu kuXlRpSeXbR mpuäl knvDhnbgedmk pumVb
Emne . zurtke igletreyun Oibu, jdjmujkBse,
jskRlreJm cDtRnu mepRm vRdeXm_u Jo#s, olzrte,
ijk©lete Emde jfBtrnete pebge onXJrebu mXlun Ese
mXfuOnhnjg huybu turgde ExuXdu jdjmujkBsdu SrRk
yubu fXhnbu huybse yumnu mrR Oibu jvuXYuX Emne .
muypukpu mVh-mSeX tmbge jvuXcD Emu pRrknbgedmk
ExuXSeXnu meOi kuXlRp Emge pRnse jcuXcDtu SrRk
yudRnu tmbu EmsRX tmbebu huybSe Hnjdukpu yudBbu
jvuXcDne . mse OijYukhnbu xmdBbde huyrebu cDn-pYup
Ese muiYegjdFrebne . mrm EdRnu mse yumnu mrR Oinu
vnbu cRmme . mse be[un EmsRX jmYjmtesk tmbetukpebdu mjYF tubdu n`nu herm vRdeXm_SR mse txui
fdnu cXbu mcukne . mse tmbe-tukpebge jvuXcD
pRmnm_u, mfm prmnm_u fmfm pebegdbne EmsRX
krekRlm Emde jslebs jSmgDpdu msebR
tRXOinjruidbne .
4.3.1 ExuXSeXge hk
zurt srkurnu ruit Of de cuild ge
knjznsnge(crc) yun-jc du Sy jtFve . yunu jc EdRge
v©uidge mrR Oibu pBensepul EHmde SrRk yubge hk,
OrganuiJ jtFbu n`Bgu ajsusejyt jtFbge hk EmsRX
I-puO vXbge hk huybsene . ExuX Emde nhujrul
vRdeXmknu hk pRmnmk fXhnbgedmk hk EHmse
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
fXhnbu txuifjd . crc nu SRpntge huyJvBebu hk
Ese fXhnbtu n`nu hkSeX Ese fXhnnbgedmk SenluXgjdFrebu jYFrmSeX EdRge mSk mOX EdR jlppdu
ExuXSeXge hk Vl huynu huyre . EmRkksR crc ge
ErteklSeXnu ExuXSeXge hk EsebR penbu Emde jh~u
mpuäl knvDh~bu huyre .
3 inKRJez idRjksn huybse pRmnmkpR jkunoSnbu
Oigdbne .
3 numu jSuybu huybu Ese vRnuige duytne- mSebR yubeyR .
3 numu jSuyrbSeXdu meXcnbge vnjduk-vnJen jtFbdu
yuOhnbu jtFdnu meX cnbu yuhngdbne .
3 ExuXSeXnu kjdFnRXdu jfl Oijd, jfl Oirebde mVhjluySxne .
3 jvDnbbR turumnu O_Rnu mcl kyuge fJbR yubeyR .
3 inKRJn huybse numu jSuyrbv\e nj`; mse pRmR nmkpR
yuOhndbu huybse yuhndbne .
3 meOibge hk tmdRnu meOibge ErunbbR vRdmR cnbeyR .
3 numu jSuybnu jtFbu xmdbu huybse vRnuinu SugDpne,
mSebR EmRk jnFjhFnnu jtFbu xmbu OnjYukpeyR .
3 YeXJenbge mHDtu ExuXSeXge yuku indRnu cDpeyR .
3 vRnuinu, hkcuXnu, EmsRX lmcDnu mrm OidRnu
Vlhnbu plSeX jlFjYukpeyR .
3 jluynnu Ybk jtFme~bu huybse Ajvuyge puälnemVh-jluySX EmsRX kmRnete ; mVh-jluySX EmsRX
OJuSeX; OJuSeX EmsRX ExuXSeX, ExuXSeX
EmsRX ExuXSeX; OJuSeX EmsRX mmu-mpuSeX; mVhjluySXge cDn-puYup EmsRX mVh-jluySXge mpunge
cDn-puYup
3 fJnuu tmbebge Ybk pRmnmk inKRJn Oibge
vRDtmbene .
3 pR~u tme~bu huybSe ExuXgedmk Vf .
3 jSugDpge Ybk huybse mjYF tubu Ybkne .
3 fJnu tmbeneXlbde ExuXSeXdge tmbeyR . lemetke
mHDtu puälne vXJenbeyR .
3 Emnu Emge mvu jpu~dRnu ikui vRmnnu heXbu tmbeyR
.
ExuXSeXdu mjvuyge Oibu wufmSeXdu
wuvl/jmuD Ekebu Vltnu jfuXjdukpu huybSe yuhngdbne
CRC
87
huydRnSR EmsRX jfujdukpge hk perbsR, xse fuObdu
ExuXSeXbR wujrp jlFbge jvuXcDtu SrRk yubu EmsRX
mjvuyge tRXge pRnsegu mre Vlnbu a_ezete du SrRk
yubge vRjduXcubu fXhnjd . SrRk yubge hk huybse
vDjtukpu yudBbu huybde i-puOge fXbge hk, ajsusead
jtFbge hk EmsRX knuLmbu Em`nu inSnbu jtFdnu
mneX tmnu jmuD jlpcbu xmbge hkSeX Esege mvu jpu{e
.ExuXgu mre Vlnbu herm vRdeXm_u SrRk yumennbu huybSe
yuOhngdbne .
tjSxnu huyrbde, xsege smuJek, ruJnetek Emde
jSnmeDjlunge #kcr Ese yumnu Ejnm EwuXge wuvldu
yRmfm Oirebne . ExuX EmsRX nuhujrul SeX Ese yumnu
jtuvuynu Ymberbu jsks~e . mjvuynu SrRk yurkpu
huybse kyumRk yumnu mjvuy mjSl mjrumjdum OrgunuiJ
jtFbu xmbjg huybdRge mvu jpu{e . mjvuy mjSl
pRnSe{kpnu mjvuybR SkvXbebu jh{kpdu n`nu mjvuyge
puäl EmsRX jvu{uO fRjduknbge xmh{e . ExuX n`gu
nhu Emu Enev_mk vndRnu SrRk yuhnbnu mjvuyge
EpRnbge S_m muXh{e EmsRX mjvuybR SkvXbeddRnu,
mjvuyge jvu{uO tubeddRnu mjvuybge jmuDpR Ajvuyge
OiJbu jyXdRnu jSm-Sujdukpu luinu xmh{e .
Ejtuppu meDjyX Emdu, ExuXSeX Emde nhujrulSeXnu,
mrR Oinu jh~u jSuDYjhFrbu ExuXSeXnu, mjvuy mSunu
OrgunuiJ jtFJdRnu SrRk yurKbde msenu mjvuyge puäl,
i-puO vXbu xmbge S_e, xmgne huybge YuJbu, mSuge
mSk EmsRX mdRbR mSumknu SujgunJbge S_e pe .
EseLmbu ExuX kuXbRge lRceXbnu mjvuyge EpRnbu
jvu{uO EmsRX EpRnbu mXlunbR jfuXjdukpu xmme .
88
EsRmnu pRnS{kpSenu pRn~u jpBujbÀmge jsulRsn Yebu
xmhnle . EdRm Oinmk EseLmbu EpRnbu jvu{uO
Emu SugDpge jvuXcDtRdu mjvuy pRmnmk SrRk yumenbge
vRjduXcubdR jSuydnu pebegdbne .
4.3.2 pRmnmkpR yuOnnbge jpulese :
pRmnmk yuOh~bge jpulese EosbR mVh-jluySx pRmnm_u
EmsRX idRjksn sesjtmge kucen jkuyu Senbu YRXnu Ybk
Oinu puXjYu\dbne . txuifdnu ExuX pRmnmknu pRnsegu
mre Vlnbu herm vRdeXm_u SrRk yubu huybu fXhngdbne .
mVh jluySX huybse ExuXSeXnu pRnsege lulfmdu, mrR
Oinu jSuDYjhFrbu meOi kuXlRpSeXge mcu- mSRSeXnu Emde
numu jSuirbu ExuXSeXnu muijyuk~bgedmk jSm-Sufm
Oihnhdbne . Sumun, jlXmu~bu, che jluXgu Oibu
ExuXSeXge mr_u mjvuy mjvuyge jtjl³T UDjYukcbge
vRjduXcubu opbebu huybSe mjvuynu tmbdu jh~u jvuydJnbu
EmsRX mjvuy mjSl jh~u jtuDnu ot~dRnu Vlme~bgedmk
yumnu mpuäl Vlbu vRDlui Emne . Ajvuyge mVh
jluySxSeXdu, Eyumbu mtmdu ExuX vrv_bR hnJen
hnJen vnbge CDnbe Emu Vlre . msenu mjvuy vr v_du
SkvXbebu, EmsRX mSunu mSudu YuJbu pRrKbSR,
jlmjhFrebu ExuXSeX EdRde SkvXh~wXbge EmsRX mjvuy
mjSlge mnRXdu te~bu yubu me Emu OineXbge IjvF luXbnu
mrm OidRnu neXbu kuibge pRnsRe Emu jl{e . jYuyjduk
jhj³dukpu ExuXSeXbR mSk vXbedRnu myum mmuXdu ikui
vRmnbebu huybse ExuX pRmnm_u jYuyjduk jhnjduknu
jtFbge vRjduX cubdR perbu mtmddu jtFbegdbne .
mse numu jSuyrbu Emde mdRnu mrm OidRnu kreLmbu Ybk
Emu jluyS~bu jhuDnbdu jh~u mtm cXbu ExuXSeXSR
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
yuOorbne . kreLmbu OJuSeXnu mVhjruy SeXbR Kusdu
jtFgdbu a_ezete SeXdR jYFruX jtFbu mtmdu ExuXSeXgu
tu~mendRnu Emde mjvuynu pebu jmuD EdR tRXOinbedBbde
jh~u fgne . mrm EdRnu , jYFruX jtFbu mtmdu
ExuXSeXnu SrRk yubu huybsedu pRkneX ceXSenbegdbne .
mSenu mOX tunu tmbebge vRdm Emu Oigdbne .
kmpetesndu jh~u mrR Oinu vndRnu EmsRX mSu mYntu
fgDlkpu huybSenu muXOindRnu, mrR Oinu shrge inuk
Vkruk vRnbu meOiSeXge mcu mSRSeXnu luyrek luySR
tmnre . yumnu jtuinu, mjvuynu jhk mVh-jluySXdu
cXbgu, kuXlRp kyu huOs huynu meXjYu{dRnu jSmme .
mdRge mtRXdu, mVh-jluySXdu jtFbu a_ezete vRdeXmkke
muk} pedRnu chege Ejruibdu muk} yumnu fXbu huOsdu mnu
mYRm jynjYuki . msenu mjvuy mjvuyge huOsge muk}
yumnnbu jhuDndRnu, mVhjrui vRdeXmk SrRk yubge wuvlbR
lu~u SeJ eV~ EmsRX idRjksnge pundm EdR YRguidRnu
mjvuy mSu mSunu xmbu Yu_u mjvuy mSumknu nRXxuiJbu
mOXdu tmmenbge mHDtu mSu mYntnu vXnbu jhuDnrkpu
EmsRX EVtdge jh~u fJnu jtFbu xmnbu jhuDnrki .
yumnu jtuynu EuxSeX Ese yumnu jckSnnu ExuXSeXge
mr_ge vngDlbu ExuX Emu n`Bgu EXuX vrge meDjyX
mvudu Ymme . msenu mrm OidRnu Emu Emgge mr_u
mjtX puXnbu EmSRX Emnu Emge mjYF tubu vXbu xmbge
S_e hnYhndRnu mjvuyge mjSl mre fnhdnbge mcuk Emu
Oirki . OJuSeXnu fJnu vnYrbu mtRXdu kduifuObu
kmpetesn jtFhngdjg, kdui fuObu tmbubR jSFgDpge
mHDtu desepÀen Ymnbu jhuDnbdu pRkneX ceXSengdjg
huybSe jlpjYukpu cRmme .
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
mVh jluySXSeXnu yumnu pekpu jkugnetezge meDjyXdRnu
Emde jtuxun jtuxunbu mvl mvu kyuge S_e Emde
jtle³TSeXbR meruibe . ExuXSeXbR muge muge xmJbu Yu_u
ExuX Emu Oinu Ubebge mHDtu jkugnetezge Oibu
jtuxun jtuxunbu mmeX huybde #ur, azjrJ, azjrJdge
hnYbu EmsRX jfl Oirbu huybnceXbu pebere . Eyumbu
mtmdu EsRmnu peberebu meXjYulSeX Esedge nunjYukcbu
huybSe mSu mYntge jhuDnbnu xmgnjd . EsRmnu mjvuybR
peberebu meXjYul Esenu Oih{kpu wuvldu hkvebu duk
Esede yumnu muX tukneXxuine . ExuXSeXnu mjvuydu
perebu meXjYul EsebR mjvuyge wuvldu cRdRnu
Vlvenbgedmk mVh-jluySXnu yumnu menRXSe yuOdnu mjvuybR
EpXbu jSmbu jYuKjruidbu huynu Vcbe-xuXbebdRnu
jtuXxu~u fmhnbebnceXbu Ese jYuKe . mSedge
jhnjdu_Rnu ExuXSeXbR muXJen Yurebu EmsRX tRXdu
jSuDYjhFrbu huydR nu mjvuybR jhk jyXbdu vXnnbu mOXdu
S_uk vRdm Ymbere . EcRmbu puOvRm Oirmjlui huybge
Ekebnu ExuXSeXnu KusrRmdu tRmennu Vlh{e .
EsRmnu SrRk yumenndRnu tmbge vRjduXcubu EdR mjvuy
vRodXm_u pebejd . jhnnu muXJen Yujr huydRnu SkvXberbu
ExuXSeX EdRSR , jfl OigdBu, muk} hnYrkkdBu, Emde
jrnk hnYrkkdru huybge Ekebnu mrm OidRnu EjnF
EjnFbu kyu cuX jyXdRnu jhuDnbge puäl EdR muXh{e .
mSk jYukpu tmbge jvuxJX cXnbgedmk kregRmbu
mtmdu lu~u jtFbdu Ekebu Vltbu , muk} yumnu FXbu
xmljrui huybge EkebdR Vljruidbne . mVh jluySXnu
mmu mpu EmsRXZ kmARnetege meOi vRdeXm_u yumnu knnu
puOjJl Emu pefm jYuki mdRde ExuXSeXbR pRmnm_ge
89
Ejhnbu OihnneXbge wuvl Yujdukpegdbne . teyRsndu
mtm muxhnbge mHDtu mpu mpu OibSeXnu ExuXSeXdu
wure pubebu, Sunmenbu, jhumwuk} jtFbu EmsRX rezeJn
jtFbbR pRkneX jYFgDpegdne . krmnu ExuXSeXnu
jcukYbdge jkukkdjg huynu vnbge mHDtu krmnu
krekRlmnu perebu Ewu-jpUDlRm Ese hnYhngdjg huybu
wuvldu pRkneX ceXSnfm jYuki .
Srkurge mVh jluySXbR OirbsR pBuijbtpR OirbsR yumnu
knnu kmpetesndu yRmfm Oibu mVh jluySXSeXbR Efbu
Oinu vj{uydbne . che 40ge mmuXdu jkuYure kmems~u
pRvDlmbu kmn º¨Rlge wufm Ese xsesR EdRmk cDnbu
yurebu wufmne mrmde msenu sXbe]u~u Oih~eXbu fedmdR
Sujgu~re . huyrebu jz=lRSeX EsE mVh-jluysXdu
OijYuknbge Em`u Xuibu lmbede mVh jluySXnu
ExuXSeXnu Eke-tRJRXbu yuOdnu tmbu OijYuKbu mtmdu
Oigne . huyrebu wuvl Ese jhFJe_e sXbe]u~u
idRjksnbR fndjmnjtl Oibu hk OihnvBbu mtRX Esedde
Ehunbu jJjnjrsn Oinu luyrek tmlkkjdFrebu ExuX
meleyn kyubR jlppu Vltnu mVh-jluySXdu
lukh~bgedmk, pBuijbt Emde srkurge mVhjluySXSeXdu ExuX vRdeXmkkedmk cp munnbu
purjsujn{ete EmsRX jnum} Vlgne huynu vnbejruydbne .
mVh-jluySXge mjkukSeXnu Emde OJuSeXnu vxgdbu
Emde mSene mdRde jtuxun jtuxunbu klcr, smuJek
Emde jSl YRmge fezmge Yu_ge lukpu ExuXSeXnu mVhjluySXdu pR~u fmme~dRnu mVh-mSeX tmmenbu huybse
pRkneX jYFgDkdbne .
90
4.4 desepÀen EmsRX SrRk yume~dRnu Sen-luXbu
SrRk yume~dRnu Sen-luXbu huybse mrR Oinu Srkurge
mVhjluySX Emdu OJuSeX EmsRX jhd mºTrnu mVh
jluySXbR mjvuygene vnJnbLm
mVhjruiSeXnSR
mjvuygene huynu vnJgdbne . tmbe tukpepge jvuxcD
Esege SrRk Emu Oinu I-puO fXbu xmbu, OJunu mrR
Oinu jYFduX jlFdRnu jlFSeX jSmgD SugDpdu mui
OnS~rbu mtmdRde OJu EmsRX mVhjruy Enemknu Emnu
Emge mvu jpu~bu txui fdbne . mVh mSeX tmbge mOX
mjtF Ese OJuSeXnu jlFSeX pebebu EdRgu mVhjruySeXnu
mVh fXJrebu huybde OJunu pebu- mVhjruySeXnu peu huybu
wuvl Ese Yujdu_Rnu OJuSXnu mjtX puXlebu EdRgu
mVhjruySeXbRnu mSu mSunu duytu jlFJdRnu munu munu xmbu
Yu_u jlFSeX jSmgD-SugDcrebu meOi Oinu jlFbegdbne .
jhFJek mVh-jluySXdu cDnrebu neym, jnum} EmsRX cDnjlulcD Esenu mVhjruy kuXbR Emge cDfm jyukpu lecD
huybse msene huydRnu yuDjYu_Rnu Ymle . desepÀen Ymbu
huybse OJuSeXge EmsRX jh~u wuXbu Yu_u Vlbu
meOiSeXge mjYF Oih{e . yumnu jtuynu ExuX EmbR
jmunetr/pBejfk huybnceXbu meXjYul perdRnu Kustu Ordr
Ymnbge jYFduX jlFh{e . do³d pebu EmsRX mnu mYRm pedRnu
ikui vRmnbu huybse cDnre . EsRmnu jtFbsenu
ExuXSeXge dejzlpjm³Tdu, tmneX-jvuDneXbge wuvldu
kre Ekuibu pRrkpjg huybsede hXndBe . jkujpu}jrl do³d
pebu, mmunnbu mmu~be myumge mmuXdu VchDpebu, EsenceXbu
Ese desepÀen Ymbge meXdu jtFre . EsRmnu jtFbu Ese
Efbne huynu OJu EmsRX mmu-mpu OibSeXnSR YuJnre .
msenu mrm OidRnu ExuXSeXge tRXge pRnsenu kyumRk yumnu
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
kuyrkpjg huybdRde v{Rbu jtFdBe . OJuSeXnu wufm
Esedu yumnu kRpnu vnYbu mrR Oi . msebR idRjkSnge
pundmge muyjyu_u Vlrbru huynu hXbu cRmme . vRdm Oinu
jvuX jmuJuge ESuXbu, jvuXUpge mcRbR yumnu mrR Oinu
jlFbu huybSe idRjksn Oibu pundmdu YRmfm Oibu nj` .
Kusdu luXhndbu, mtm Em`du me Edge jh~u puOvRm pebu
yuhndbnceXbu Esenu ijk©letege jz=lr EmsRX mu~bu
Yu_u vRjduXcubu pebge jz=lRbR jvuXguOnrebne . EsegRmbu
neym Eosnu ExuXoSXnu tmbdu txuifdnu cXbu jpuDcX
huybde Sumun-jlXmu~bSeXgu pR~u tme~bu huybSe pRkneX
jYFgDpejd . mY_u pnJvBebu jhFJek CDnrebu mOX
Esenu Kus EmbR luXhndbu EmSRX vRdRm cnSnbdu mjtX
puXbu yui .
mSunu MSubR vRdmR cnbge jz=lR EmsRX VhnbedR tmbebu
huybse tmbge mOX tubu jvuXJX EmsRX tmneXbge IjvF
luXbu EmsRX tmbu xmbge S_e jhngDh~bgedm_u yumnu
mrR Oi . desepÀen huybsenu Ybk EmbR mOX tunu jtFbu
xmh{e . msenu mneX tmnu OJu EmsRX mVhjruiSeXnu
mjvuynu pumJbu EdR vnbu xmhngdbne . neym jSmbu
mtmdu ExuXSeXbR yuOhndnu, neymSeX EdR inbge ku~bu
vxdnu exuXSeXbR nmdRnu inh~bu jhuDnbejruydbne . EsRmnu
jtFdRnu Ybk jtFme~bnu jdmujkBtek Oibu mOXdu Ybk
jtFbu tmlkkne . esRmnu ExuXSeX EmsRX OJuSeXnu
mjvuyge mr_u Vlbu cjYDnbu kyu EdR v~-Vn~dRnu yu~bu
pRrk\dbne . Emjrumdu jyXlbde OJuSeXnu SRpntge
mVhjruySeXnu ingdbu neym jSmgdbne . ExuX Emnu
neym Emu kreLmbu YRguirbde mdRge mtek cubu mrm
Vlrmlbde ExuX EdRbR Vcbe xuXbebu jtFbejruydbne . vRdm
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
Oinu yumnu luXbu Kus Emu huybse SrRk yume~dRnu
tmmenbnu mrm Oibu yui .
jhd-mºTrnu ExuXoSXnu cuX nuinu kubu huybSe mrm iVrVltnu yumnu mrr Oinu vnbu yuy . ExuX Emu lmbe
yumnu cenbnu mrm OidRnu pre”u nRmeDtu jYXnu
jyFrkpgedmk dnde pebu vk jtFbejruidbne . EdRm
Oinmk Luybk luybk Yebde mVh-jluySX Eyumbdu
EsRmnu dnde pebse jhFJekSR cDnre . mrm cudnu mVhjluySXge jYFbRjrlSeXnu EsRmnu jtFbsenu exuXSeXge
pRkneXdu Ekuybu pRrki . mpu mpu Emde OJu Oirebu
Ajvuynu neXSeXgdbde msene mdRde knuLmbu ExuX Emnu
neym YRguibu jYuKbde ExuX EdRgu wure wutui jtFdRnu
mdRge mrm hu~u vXjduKbu mtRXdu jlFvDfm jYukpu Ybk
jlFvDpegdbne . mVh-jluySge mjkuk jYuXbSeXnu puwur
Seje~bge mHDtu OjYurete SeJe~bedbne. Mrm pebu
jtFdnu xmme huybu mjtFLm jlFneXbu wujrp jlFbu
huybSe puwur seJennbge vRdmne EmsRX mse ikui
vRmnneXxui oIjd . SrRk yume~dRnu Sel-luXbge cDn-puYup
Emu jnFjhFnnu SugDpu mjvF tui . ExuXSeXnu mjvuy
mSunu mjvuy pRmnm\e kuOnSeldu mjvuyge pujvuj{uy
vnJbbR pRkneX jYFgDpgdbne . mOX EsRmnu OJuSeX,
mmu-mpuSeX EmsRX Se{uXlebSeX pRmnmknu mjvuy mSu
mSuge pujvuj{uy vnJgdbne .
4.5mmu-mpu EmsRX kmRnetege mfm
mVh-jluySX huybSe lmJeX Emge mvudu tmnbgedmk
jSm-SudRnu Ymlbu mfm Emne . EdRm Oinmk jluSeXbR
jSmgD SugDpu huybse mVh-jluySXge mpundSR EtD
91
Evm Vltnu cDYrebu jvuXJX Emne . tmbu huybsenu
EtD Evm Vltnu cDYrebu jvuXcD Oirbde , mSenu mVh
jluYSXge xmVv wuXmdu vRdm Oinu yRm, Ybk jtFbu,
kmRnetenceXbu mfmdu jYuKbde, mVh-jluySX EmsRX yRmge
Oibu jtuxxun jtuxxunbu Yb\e jYFruX tFfm jYuki.
mVh-jluySXdu jtFvBbu Ybk EmbR EmRk yRmdu
jtFnbgedmk pefm jYuj_ . mjvuynu yRmdu mneX tmnu,
mSu mYntu nDtBgu mmu mpu sEXgu jluynnu jtFnnbu
jtuxun jtuxxunbu mvlge a_ezeteSeX pebe yui .
mSenu mrm OidRnu mmu mpu mcuSeXnu mVh-jluySXdu kre
jtFrebjg huybdr vXbu xmbu yui . EmsRX mVhjluySXge mpundu tmbbR pRkneX jYFgDl\ne .
mVh jluySXnu kmRnetege meOiSeXbR jkFdRnu mVh-jluySXge
mpundu Vlrebu meOiSeXnu krekRlmge cDlebu jvuXcDtu
wuvl iYel per\ne . mmu mpu EmsRX kmRnetege
meOiSeXnu mVh-jluySXdu lu+Rnu mjvuyge jlFSeXdR
mVhjruySeXdu SrRk yumennbu yui EmsRX mse tmlebu
puruSeXgu mre Vlnhnbu yuy . vRdm Oinu, jmCenge puru
tmbdu Vlkuige jmkunek EmbR jkFrgu mhuknu krmnu
jmCen jSmbu tmlkpu EmsRX mdRdge fXlkpu
akspereansSeXdRge mtuXdu xuXhnbu yuy .
kmRnetebR ExuXSeXge idRjksndu Emde tmbge jvuXcDtu
SrRk yuhnlbde, kmRnetenu mvugeSeX Ese fXgne :
1- nuDke Oibu wure SeXbRn, mjvuyge jhFrkfm,
invuirnjm³T jSukc{kpu, ljlul-itek, vRndVlturkpnceXbge jlFSeXgu ijruynbu SRYuX-pRYuX kyu
lendrnu luKbu EdRm Oinmk iSendRnu YmdBebu pRwure
92
EmsRX nuDke Oibu jlFU-SeXUbge Oibu, jnuXJRnRXSuge Oibu, vRDSu Vhbge oibu jlFSeX kyubR mVhjluySXdu kRpnu v~-Vnnbu yur\ne .
2- msenu SufR pedRnu tmnbge mcukSeXdu Vlkuige
jhFJek jhFJek SeJe~rebu jlFSeXbR hupc{kkne .
3- ExuXSeXdu jlFSeX EmsRX I-puO jSmgDpdu
jSFgDl\ne .
4- SrRk yume~dRnu I-puO jSmgDpu, ;jYFruX jtFmennbu,
jmunetr jtFbu Emde izulRjyt jtFbnceXbu Esebr
jSFgDl\ne .
5- ExuXSeXnu mjvuyge hk tunbu EmsRX hk YRguybge
muyjyu_u jlppu huybse vXlbru vXdBebru huynu
jyXbu yur\ne .
6- ExuXSeXnu muyjyuknrebu vRjduX cudbu kyubR
jlFjYukpdu SrRk yur\ne .
7- jzujksjnl idRjksnge mOX mjtF jlplkpdu
SrRk yur\ne .
8- Vlkui -vRäX huybSe tmbgedmk vRjduX cubu mfm
Oir_Rnu mVh-jluYSXge xmVv pukjYukcuOjYuKkne.
mjtF EsRmnu ExuXSeXdu mjvunu yRmdu SeJe~bu jlul EdR
pRkneX jYFgDpedRnu Emde mVh-jluySXge jlundu vRDjluybu
xmlknbu tmobreVx mr_Rdu OJuSeXnu mjvuynu yRmdu
xuXlebu jlun EdRbR tmdRnu mmujlundu ExuXSeXnu wure
wutui jtFbbR jSFgDkdbne . mosde jyFruX jtFrebu
tmbebge jYFOX EmsRX OJuge VlJbu wuvl jlFSeXge
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
mvu jpu{e . tmbge jvuXcDtu mmu-mpu EmsRX kmRnetege
meOioSXnu SrRk yubge vRjduX cubu krmnu pegdjg huybse
mVh-jluySXnu vXnnbu jhuDngdbne . msege mre Esenu
mOX tunu jSm-Surbu tmbebge jpdujguJe EmsRX mdRge
mcuk jSmbdu mjtXpuXgne .
mVh-jluySX pRmnmknu mmu mpuSeXnu mVh-jluySXdu
krmnu SrRk yuh{\gdjg huybu hermSedu jyXSenbu mjYF
tui . mVh-jluySX kyunu mmu mpu OibSeXbR mOX tunu
Ubejd EmsRX mVh- jluySXdu cDYrebu a-ezeteSeXge
mtuXdu mjvuynu hXlkpu wuhXbR mrR Oinu jlFbejd . yumnu
jtuynu pBuijbt mVh-jluySXSeXdu mmu mpuSeXbR knJRmmr
Oinu vndRnu, yumnu jpnbedBgnu ExuXjlFjYukpejvu huydRnu
huybu yuOi . EdRgu EmRk luyrbu mmu mpu SeXbRnu
mjvuyge mcu –mSRSeXge mtuXdu hX-jvuDpge hk Em`u
VltBbLm toY toYnu jtFbere . mvl Enem_u msede mmu
mpuSeXbR ikui vRmnbedbu
EmsRX mjvuyge
ExuXSeXgedmk vnJrebu wuvlbR YOi-USeDtbne .
mVh-jluySXge inzuirnjm³T Ese ExuXSeXgedmk jh~u
vRjduX cunbu Emde mmu mpu OibSeX EmsRX kmRnetegu mre
fnu Ymnbgedmk hu~u yuDjyU_Rnu Ymlbu OJu EmsRX
mmu mpu ge ajsuseasn, Emde alRmene
ajsuseasnnceXbu Vlre . chege oibu jYFrmSeXdu, SSu~jvuDnbge jYFrmdu, klcjrl Oibu nRmeDSeXdu Emde
jnsjnl \ge Oibu jYFrmSeXdu Eyumbu mVh-jluySXSeXnu
mjvuybR lukpenbu huyJbu cDVn . esRmnu lukpenbu
huyJrRbu Esenu kmRnetenu mVh-jluySXbR mrR Oinu vnh{e
. mVh-jluySXge jt_-kuidnu Ymnbgedmk EmsRX mcuk
mYRm Ymnbgedmk kmRneteSR yuOnu SrRk yubenbu huyJby
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
yuy . mVh jluyXge fKuX jSmbu, mpRX fubu mcuk
YmbnceXbdu kmRnetenu SrRk yubge vRdm kyu Vl . EdRm
Oinmk, kmRnetenu SrRk yubu huybSenu luyrbu mmu
mpuSeXdu Ewu-jpuDlRm Emde Oihj{uidbne . EdRgu mVhjluySXge Vlrebu mfm EdR kmRnetege Oibu Ybk jYFrmdu
Seje~bu yuhndRnu, mfm EdRbR jt_-kuydny Ymbdu duyt
jlFme~bu yuy .
4.6 korkRlmge mfm Em<X tmnbge mcukoSX
4.6.1 jtì Em<X luiorkoSX
myumnu v~rebde jtìbRk huybse krekRlmge jpuDcukne .
krekRlmge jYFruX huybse yumnu puk OiJrbSR
krekRlmdu EjhuXbu pRrkpu huybSe jtìbRk pR jhuXjdukpu
n`nu xse fuObdu EVt Ejtuppu EjhuXbu pR rkpu
yuOdvedBe . jh~u fgDlbu jtìbRk huybse jh~u
jckS~u jSm-Surbu, vX-Vhbu kyuge wuvlge mme trbu,
SRpntge I-puO tukpv_u n`nu Emgu Emgu wure wutui
jtFnbge vRjduXcubu pebu Oigdbne . EdRm Oinmk
kreLmbu jtìbRk huybsenu EVt-Ejtuppu jpuDlm
Vcrm kyugu jluynbu Oirbde krekRlmbR jhuXjdukpu
huybse yumnu puk cuOi . vRdm Oinu, sbjJ\e
deksnreSeXnu jtìbR \e EYubu hn’nbu yui EmsRX
OJuSeXge OJuSeXnu knjsp tukpebdu jh~u pRkneX
ceXSnbu yui. yumnu jvuXJX yuXnu Kustu tmbebge mOX,
jhum-wuk} yumnu pebu EmsRX pBuijzt tR=sn jlFbu huyrebu
EHm Esege Yunbu yudbu lepRn Esenu ExuXSeXbR yumnu
jcukYh{e . sbjJ\e deksnreSeXdu tum}SeXge
defenesngedmk jyXhndRnu,
knjsp, a_ezete,
jpBujbÀmSeX vnbu, Epek Epekpu gBRp jSmdRnu EmRk h~u
93
pR~u vnJnme~bnceXbdu jh~u mpRX Oirbde msege lepRn
Esedge nunjYukpu xmgne .
mYXdu sopÀjmntor bRk , wu}kbRk Em<X EVt Ejtuppu
punbu luyrekSeX huybSe mjYF turki . kregRmbu
sbjJk vrdu vRdm Oinu jlul tmbdu huyrebu
jpuDcukSeX Ese mjYF tui huybSe jyDnneXxui OidBbu
wufmne EdRm Oinmk mjvuySeXge knjsp e ese EmRk
h~u jnFjhFnnu jyXsnbu cRmme . jhFJek cDnrebu
jtìbRkSeX Esedu yuOrebu mcukSeX Ese jYuyjduknu
puneXbu jpukhndbu, hnJen hnJen jtFbu YbkSeXnu mrr
Oinu yuOre . jmYjmteks EmsRX jsuseal suins tu
sopÀjmntor bRk jSmbu mjYF ture . EseLmbu
luyrekSeXnu ExuXSeXnu mjvuyge wuvlbR jtìbRkSeXdge
Ejkuybdu Vlbu jpuDlm VcrmSeXdu pRSlkpu xmgne .
tjSXnmk Eut}Lmbu sbjJkdde msenu KusrRmge
jpuDcuk Emu edRmk Oibu yui . inzuirnjm³T
tmnbgedmk, U pumbe, Ujck wuyu Emde mjvuyge
Vlfmge mtuXdu tmnbgedmk jSm Subu EseLmbu
wuk}bRk kyu Vljr .
EseLmbu ExuXSeXbR mjlmge mjhFSu Emde meOibge
vRnd-Vltufm pRmnm\e mtuXdu jh~u mrek cRmnu tmbdu
atlus nu mjtX puXi . Ywunmecu\e atlus, jfÀuru
Emde fuUnu, meOibu EmSRX pRnsege SkOX Rwure EmsRX
klocr EsenceXbu kyuge atlusnu pRwure , jSnmeDjlul,
zRjgulnceXbu tmbdu wuvl yumnu cuOjYukpu yui .
EseLmbu jlFSeXge jpustr jSmdRnu Emde Etuppu
hermSeXge jpustew jSmdRnu tmbge mOXbR jh~u fgDhnbu
yugne . herm vrde mjvuySeXSene mdRde nRpu-nRpe Enege
94
munndBebu mOX, ºpesejyl Oinu mjYF tubu mrm Vlbu
ExuXSeXbu pRSe{kpu EmsRX SXbe]undu yuObu jz=lRSeX
Esene . EseLmbu jpuDlm Ese luijbBre Emdu kÀ#rge
Yu\e mVh-jluySXnu wuinnbgedmk YmdRnu OJuSeXdu
fXhnbu yui .
jmnRjwl EmsRX OJuSeXge jpuDcuk Ese
jtìbRkSeXLmnu mrR Oirebne . EjnFbu jtìbRk seX
jhFjdukpu vRdeXge OJuSeXgedmk lmJeX
luyrek(jh³dbRk ) jSmbu huybSeSR yuOhngdbne . msege
lmJeX luyrek Ese mOX kyumR_u jSmbu yui .
jtìbRkkRmnu tu‰ k nuinu idBbSR yui EdRm Oinmk
tu‰k nuinu ibu huybSeSR ibge mOX Emu Oinu EdRmk
v~bu yui . Ejtup´uibuge mOXSR EdRmk CDnbu yui;
OdeO, zedeO EmsRX intrjntge SuiTnceXbu EseSR
lmJeX luyre\e mcuk Oibu yui . mSe OJuSeXnu jlsn
pÀun jtFbu mtmdu , insurzes jtBneX jtFbu mtmdu Emde
tmbenbgedmk v~bu meteX jtFbu mtmdu SeJe~bu yui .
mltejgBd KusrRmgedmk jtìbRk ibu mtmdu jmujnujgBd
KusrRmgedmk ibu jtìbR \Rm huybde OJuSeXnu
mVhjruiSeX mvl Emv_mk Kus Emdu Vlgne huybge
wuvlgu jluynrebu wuvl Esedge jhuXjdu\dbne . jlsn
pÀun jtFbdu SeJe~bu EjnFbu mOXge jpuDcukSeX
OJuSeXdu fXhnbu txuifdbne . mdRdu :
• jtuxun jtuxxunbu aksrsuiJ EmsRX a_ezete
kyu jtuxun jtuxxunbu Yu\e mVhjruiSeXgedmk
Yejmtek Oibu jlsn yuOgdbne .
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
• ExuXSeXnu mneXtmnu OJudu yumnu jyDlRbu jtFdnu
tmbge Ybk jtFJbu yubu, jgBd vuijdu_Rnu Ymlbu
mcukSeX yuOhngdbne .
• gBRpge nDtBgu pRmnm\e Oibu a_ezete huybde wure
lebu, dBumu jtFbnceXbdu yRmfm Oibu a_ezeteSeX
yuOhngdbne . vRdm Oinu 1SRbudge 5 SRbu Kus
fuObge mVhjruiSeXnu jnuXSu EmsRX jYbge wurebR
dBumu Oinu UDpu yui; mdRge mtRXdu 1SRbu EmsRX 2
SRbu Kusge mVhjruySeXnu ku}dSeXdu jy_Rnu mvl
kyuge Su UDpu yui; 3SRbu Emde 4SRbu gBRpnu wure
lebge mOXdu mYX mnuO nuinu Suge S_m jy_Rnu
EmSRX idrnu UDpu yui ; 5SRbu gBRpge mVhjruySeXnu wuredRge jluyS{kpge mOX mjtFbR
EjnFbu mOX Emu pRr_Rnu EmRk ijYukpu yui . mse
jtFnbgedmk jSFgDnbu jpuDcukSeX yuOdBbde,
OJuSeXnu jmujnujgBdge vRDtmbedu, ExuX Eyumbnu
tmbge mtm fXdnu mtm EdRmk jhFvegne .
4.6.2 luijbBorSeX
mtm fnu kRirbge mmuXdge mVh-jluySXge luijbBre Ese
jpulesenu jSFgDlbu wufm Emu OirKe ; EdRm Oinmk
yumnu tuxnu luijbBreSeXnu cluibu Ure . Yuk vRdeXm\e
mVh-jluySXSeXdu luijbBrebR txuifdbu mcuk Emu Oinu
Ymbu huybSe mtRXge jYFruXSeXdu mrROibu mcuk Emu
Oinu Ymbegdbne . OJu EmsRX mVhjrui Enemknu
luijbBrebR tmbge, Ewu jpuDYbge, pRkneX lRpSnbge pumVb
Oinu SeJe~bR jYFgDpegdbne . OJuSeX, mVhjruiSeX,
kmRnetege meOi vRdeXmknu luijbBrebR jlFSeXge xmVv
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
95
cuOjYuknbu EmsRX wuvl muXlun SugDpge pumVb Oinu
knjspcRjyluiJ jtFgdbne . luijbBre SeJe~bdu
ExuXSeXnu jh~u vRDjluynbu, luyrekSeX EmsRX
Ejtuppu jpuDcukSeXge jkTjlug jSmbge cDn-puYup
Emu jSmgdne . mjlmge mfm kyugu vRDSmnnu
cDme~bgedmk, luyrek EmsRX jmgJen v_e n`nu
intrjnt ge pumVbnu I-puO jvumJnbu yuhngdbne .
jYFruXsege Ehunbu jvuXYuX Oinu jbÀuk EmsRX Kstrge
Yu_u luijbBre jSmgDkdbne . mtRXdde Yuk vRdeXm\e mVhjluySXSeXdu luijbBre SugDkdbne . zurtke mfm kyudu
vRäXge lmSeXdu kmRnetege luijbBre Ymnre EmSRX Jelu
jhd-kutr©SeXdu luijbBre VlVn . mtRge jYFruX jtFbdu
EseLmnu jcuynu Vlrebu luijbBreSeXbR jntwuk} jSmdRnu
msege ku~bu jhngDhngdbne . ruJu rumjmujhun jruy
luijbBre fuOnjdsn nu mcukSeX jh~u pebedRnu, msenu
jntwuk} ke jnujdl ajJ³T OibedRnu Emde mdRdR jmunetr
jtFdRnu jSmgD SugDpge jvuXYuX jlFvDpu yui .
mVh-jluySXge nete nRmeD vRdeXge pRnsedu luijbBrenu mvl
kyuge mjYF puXjYuKe . luijbBrebR SRpntge Ejtnbu mtm
vrdmk SeJe~bu yuhnbnu ExuXSeXdu pubge mhuO vXbu
xmjd . ExuXSeXnu luyrek pRbu yuhngdbne . OJuSeXbR
luijbBre SeJe~bge mrmdu jtBneX pebedRnu mtm mtmge
mjYF tubdR pebu xmhngdbne . kreLmbu luijbBregedmk
jtuxunbu ku fXlbde mdR mtek cunu mxul cXhndRnu Emde
mfm cunu/cuOnu YmbedRnu pubge vRjduXcubu pepbegdbne .
luijbBredu msedu jpuDcuk SeJe~dRnu OJuSeXnu Kus jlFbu
OijYuhngdbne . mse v~-Vn~bge, kBupge Ybk jtFbdu
jyXfm, wure lebnceXbu jYFrm puXjYukfmSR Oibu yui .
EsRmnu jbÀuk EmsRX Kstrge Yu_u luijbBre jSmgDpnu
krekRlmbR EmRk jSmgDpdu mjtX puXgne. jbÀuk vRdeXmk
jtuxun jtuxunbu sbjJkSeXdu mrR Oinu jpuDcuk
jvumJendRnu Jelu EdRdu mtek cunu mcl SRn u jpuDcuk
fXhnbu yui .
luijbBre:
cjyul Emdu jpreyd Emu luijbBregedmk Ymgdbne . msedu
ExuXSeXnu tRme~u fmdRnu luyrek puhngdbne . mumuXge
cjyuldu pRvebu luyre_R h{gu mYXge cjyulgedmk luyrek
pRhngdbne .
krelmbu luijbBre Vl|bde OJuSeXnu luyrek pRjYu_Rnu
jyXh{gu che mtuXgu cu~bu luyrek vndRnu yRmdu pRhngdbne
. OJuSeXnu jh_u jynjYukpge mHDtu ExuXSeXnu mSunu
vnhngdbne .
luijbBrege luyrekSeX jlul tmbge Kustu pRrkpu
yuhngdbne .
jpBujJk jtFbu mtmdu luijbBredu mre Vlnbu jlFSeX Yebu
yuhngdbne .
jlul tmbge Kustu ExuXSeXnu pubu luyrekSeXdge
neXSeXdRnu ihnbu yui .
Kustu mjvuynu puvebu wureSeX lenhnbu yui .
CRte mnRXdu luijbBre huXgdbne .
idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJbR krekRlmge jYFruXgedmk
mrROibu Emu Oinu vXnre . EdRm Oinmk msenu krmnu
4.6.3 idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJ
EjcFbu mjtX Emu Oih{\djg huydRge mtuXdu kRpnu
Vnnu lmJeX luyrek VltBe . Eyumbu mtmdu jtknujluJe
huybse I-ppuObR jyFhnvenbu jhuDnbu SeJeV~ EmsRX
OJu mSeX wuDpbR jmnSe~bu OJuge mHD Senbu Oinu
SeoJV~ . idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJbR jh~u fbu
tmbebge mOX Oinu Uhnbnu tmbebR cmmnhnbu
jhnh{kpu yui . EdRm Oimnk idRjksjnl
jtkjnujluoJbR krekRlm jSmjduk Sujdukpge pumVb
Oinu SeJe~jg huyrbde OjuSeXbR knJRmr Oinu vnbebge
96
mHRDtu mjvuybR a_ez pBudRsr Oinu vnbegdbne . msE
jSmgDtBeVx EmsRX puXjYu_BeVxdu yumnu puk cuOnu v~Vnngdbne . idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJbR puk -cuOnu
Kstrge Yu_u, jbÀu\e Yu_u, Jeluge Yu_u, j#tge Yu_u
Emde jnsjnlge Yu_u Snjdu_BeVxge mmuXdu msu mSunu
idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJbR
fJnu SeJe~bge
akspereans fXhngdbne . akspereans Ese yumnu
cmbu vRdm Oinu vRäXge EvX EVh Emge wure wutuibR
OdeO jrjkud} jtFbu, zedeO jrjkud} n`Bgu jgm EsenceXbu
my OJuSeX, mVhjruiSeX EmsRX OJuSeXge OJubR
fXhnbu yui . ExuXSebR mjvuy mSu mSunu mlte-jmdeyu
Emdeinjfurjmsn kmRnejksn jtkjluJege mcukseX
fXhndRnu mjvuy mjvuyge akspereansSeX EdR
jfuXjdukhnbnu mjvuyge kBeatez imuJejnsn EdR
YeJenJbge vRjduXcubu pegne .
me EVtnu pRjYukpu EmbR FmdRnu jyXbge mHDtu mSunu
idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJ pRjYukpdu SrRk yubge
akspereans fXhnlbde Vlbuk Esege puk-cuOnu
Vlrebu idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJge mcukseX Ese mpRX
funu SeJe~bge jvuXjhFfm Oigne . kmpRtrdu se de vk
SeJe~dge mHDtu intrjnt fXhnbu Emde intrreak
jtFnbu yubu kmpRtr fXhndR nu, kmpRtrbR idRjksndu
pRnSnl_Rnu kcen-jkuyu tu~u i-puO Yujduk -YuJen jtFbu
yuhndRnu krekRlmbR fgDhnbdu mjtX puXgne . EseLmbu
muiVk Enem_ge Yujduk YuJen yubu mOXsenu idRjksjnl
jtkjnujluoJbR idRjksjnl OihngjdFrebse .
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
pBuimurege Yu_u Vlbu mVh-jluySXge mVhjruiSeXgedmk
zedeO suimRjlsn EmsRX jdjmunj#Bsnnu vRD-Su Seje~dRnu
tmbdge fRbu akspereanspR mHD Senbu yuhj{uidbne .
KusrRmge mOX-mjtF n|gu jtìBbR \e, jljbujrjturege
puru vrbR tmbebge mOXdu idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJ
pRjYukpge mHRDtu idRjksjnl jtkjnujluoJ EdR nnduijd_ek Oibu mOXdu, mVhjruySeXnu jlFSEXbR mSu
mYntu Emgu Emgu mre VlnbdR muge muge xmJbu Yu_u
Ye Hmbge mfm pebu Oirbde idRj ksjnl jtkjnujluoJ
Ese yumnu jh~u fJnu SeJe~bu yugne . EseLmbu
mvlge jlFSeX Ese mfmdRge Oibu jlundu yumnu wuDle .
mrm Esenu Shr EmsRX vRäXge mVh-jluySXge EmsRX
mfmdRge jlundu tmbgu, iXles jlundu tmbgu Enege
jvDnbu jhngDh{e . EsegRmbu insuijKujpdeyu EmsRX
jdujkujmntre SeX Ese jSmnbge puäl xsefuObu
jSmgD|e . jtìbRk, wuk}bRk EmsRX OJuSeXgedmk
jSmgD-SugDpdu Efbu mvlge OdeO/zedeOge
/intrjntge suitSeXge mVp emu Vlrebse wuvldu
ijruinbegdbne . Kusek Oibu osjnmuSeX fXhngdbne .
vRdm Oinu vRäXge pRnsege mtuXdu Vnnbdu st=JeT jrge
pYr pnculebR se: de: Oinu Kstr rejsus} jsntrdge
wuidRnu n|gu jnsjnlge Yu_u Ymbu jwzsuitdge jlFYdRnu
jyXhnbu fXhngdbne . mtRXdu jtìbRk ibge jYFruX
jtFbdu , jtuxun jtuxunbu sbjJkSeXge jlFSeXbR EmSRX
akspereansbR pRnSndRnu jlFSeXbR EjnFbu mSk
jlphngdbne . vRdm Oinu medl jljzlge jtìbRk
Emdu ruJu’unge pRwure Vnnbu mtmdu merunu Skvebu
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
mhuknu VSruXvebu Emde SRr punvebu zJnSeX EdR am:
as: sRzul” ege jvunjJndu tuhnbu yui .
jlFSeX EmsRX akspereans EnebR pRnSnbu huybSe
xsege cDlebu idRjksn Esedu Vlrebu jpuDlRm EmsRX
tnYh{knbge mrm/mcukSeXbR jlFjYukvenbu Oigdbne .
beëun EmsRX E‰ tmbdu Emde numu jSuyrbu meOiSeXbR
tmbebdu
idRjksjnl jtkjnujlUJe EmsRX
injfurjmsn jtkjnujlUJege ku~bu Ese puk -cuOnu
vXnjr . mrm EdRnu krekRlmge pundm Ese fXnbu
jhuDnbdu Ekknbu che tu‰k Emgedmk idRjksjnl
jtkjnujluJebR SeJe~bge ku~bu EdR vxnjr . srkur
EmsRX Ejtuppu VpSuge jYFduX pRrebu ajJnSe SeXnu
idRjksjnl jtkjnujlUJege mjYF tubu EmsRX msege
ku~bu vXbebu mjYF tujr .
4.6.4 vRDSR-vRDlui Em<X jljbujrtorSeX
mVh jluySXbR Eut} EmsRX kBufgedmk mjYF tubu vRDSRvRDlui Ymbu huybSe yumnu YRnu mjYF tui . krekRlmge
SrRk Emu Oinu mVh-jluySXdu ExuXSeXgedmk
kBeatezete jfuXjdukfm Oihnjg huyrbde mcukSeX
pRmnmk Ajvuynu yumnu jckS~u jSFgD fm jYuki .
nuDke Oibu KBufSeXbR cjyulge n|gu Yuvuyge mnRXdu mfm
mtm pebedRnu Emde mSegedmk vRDSR-vRDlui , jyuXvm,
lujY, kute, fe-jlunbge jfBmnceXbu fXhngdbne .
EseLmlbu yumnu mrR Oibu krekRlmge SrRk EsebR
nRpu-nRpe EnebR vDnnu jyXbu EmsRX ku#ge jv~bnu mrm
OidRnu, mSege SrRk Esedge FXbu yubu Ejkuybdu Vlrebu
jpuDlmSeX SeJe~ndRnu Emgu Emgu SrRk yume~dRnu
97
mSuge klcr jyukvDpnceXbu EsebR mLn muXhj{uidbne
. huyrebu wufm Ese Eut}gedm_sR cmlebne. mSesR
krekRlmdu tense{kpgu jluynnu mSegedmk vRDSR- vRlui
fXhnfm jYuki . vRDSR- vRDlui EsebR fXhndRnu mdRbR
SeJe~bu, jt_-kuidnu jckS~u Ymbu EmsRX vRD Su jlXODpdge fXlkSeX Ese mml nuidBbu akspereansSeXne
. ExuXSeXnu mjvuyge indBeSeX SeJe~bu tmbnu ibu pubu
Vhhnbdu emde Sunte Vlnu heXme~bge klcr Emu pRrkpdu
mjtX puXi .
mrR Oinu vRäXge lmdu Vlbu mVh-jluySXSeXdu beëunge
cuXjyXSx EmsRX E‰ge a_ezeteSeXge mcuk mYRm
yumnu wuDle. mSege EwuDpu esenu ExuXSeXnu jlFJbu
yubu sbjJk yumh{ktbdu n`nu tRXge pRnsege jYFruX
EmSRX tmbge jvuXJXdu cp mu~bu vRjduX cubu pebejd .
mrm Esenu msege mcukSeX Ese txuifdnu fXhngdbne
. beëun EmsRX E‰ge jkun}rSeXnu ilejmntre
jljzldu ku~hnbu mtmdu jsjkndre EmsRX huyr
jsjkndrege Yu_u fJnu jSmgD-SugDlbu cuXjyXSx
Ymbu mjYF tui .
4.6.5 Ejtuppu mfmSeX
mVhjluySXge mpundu krekRlmge mfm huybse jhFJek
fuObdu VnnvBebu wufmSeX Esenu mrR oirebSeXsedge mre
Em`u tubu nj` . huyrebu mfmSeX Ese Enkpdu
jmunRjm³T EmsRX mR=Jeym, tRjrl, ceX-mun, VkjYl, jpu#
OofsnceXbu yuOrebne . OJuSeXnu EsegRmbu mfm Esedu
cDnnbge mfm mtm SenluXbdu kyumRk yumnu Vhnu SeXnu
ExuXSeXnu ku~hnbu mOXdu Se{bde mdRnu idRjksnge
98
k©ulete jhngDhngne . OJuSeXnu jtìbR_u yuObv_bR
jtFbu yuhnbu huybse ExuXSeXge S_e EmsRX tmneXbge
IjvFluXbu hnYhnbge EjcFbu mrm Emne . EsRmnu
hnYrkpge mrm Emde mVh-jluYSxnu yumnu jckS~u nRmeD
vRdeXge n|gu chege Oibu rRten vrdu jhuXjdukpu yudbu
mOXdu YmvebSene . ExuXSeXnu mVh jluySxbR nRmeduXdu
cXbu yudbnu mrm OidRnu mjvuynu YwunmecukSeXbR Ubu
fXJjd . nRmeDnu tuvebu jyXbu EmsRX kRmge jnuX lukpbR
jyXbu huybSe mVh-jluySXge tuim jtblge mnRX cnjd .
SAARC VlbukSeXge mnRXdu Emgu Emgu wuvl-jlFSeX
SrRk yume~rbde Emgu Emgu jh~u SkvXnbr\ne .
OJu EmsRX Sen-luXlebSeXnu vRDSmndRnu osj#mge
jhuXjduk -jhuXJen yudBebu mOX Esedge mneX tmhngdbne
. jSjlbs jSmlebSeX, jtìbRk irebSeX Emde
OJuSeXnu krekRlmge xmVv puk -cuojYuknbgedmk
jhndbR_u yumnu kRpnu tmbge jYFruXge mtuXdu ibegdbne .
msenu hu~ge wuvldu Eut} EmsRX kBufgedmk mpundu lm
jkuybu EmsRX a_ezete jtFbbR ak#B –krekRlr Oinu
vnbu wuvlbR lXjYukvebu mjYF tuh{e .
4.6.6 pÀRjrolotge mjYF tubu Em<X Ejtuppu mcukoSX
zurtke jhFJek Oirebu jtuxun jtuxunbu jvDnbu kyuge
OJuSeXnu ExuXSeXge dejzlpjm³Tgedmk Senbu
akspereans vRdeXmk mdR krmbu mfmdu krmbu mtmdu
jtFbjnu huybge wufmge mvu jpundnu krekRlmge mnRX c{ebne
. msege krekRlmge EjnFbu knjsp Ese Ofesu Vlrebu
pRmnmknu yuru mtmdu OijYu\ne .
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
pR~u Vlme~nbu Esenu mrm OidRnu jtìbRk Emv_
Emde jpuDcuk Emv_ jSm-Sudge mHDtu jtìbRk Emde
jpuDcukSeX Ese myum Emu jSm-SudRnu ExuXSeXge
SrRk yubu, tmneXbge IjvF-luXbu EmsRX kBeatezete
jhngDhndRnu tmbge cuX jhngDhngne . jtìbRk
Emv_nu myum pRmnm\e mjYF tubdR pebu xmjlui . cp
mu~bu puru EdR jtuxun jtuxxunbu mOXdu tmbebSR yui
. srkurge Emde pBuijbtge mVh-jluySXnu munu munu
pumJbu jtìbRk SeX vndRnu tmbu yuhngdbne . jbud}
EmsRX jtìbRk bR=jruSeXdu jtìbRk jsreJ Emu
jSmgDnbu Emde Ejtuppu pBuijbt kmpneSeXnu jfuXbu
luyrekSeXbR SeJe~bu yuhngdbne . 1953ge jsjkndre
idRjksn kmes~u msege EjSuybu Ese jlFjYuknbgedmk
EsRmnu huyrmme mdRde sbjJk Emgedmk jtìbRk
Emv_bR tmbu yuhnjluydbne ; mdRge mHDtu jtìbRk
myum Emu SeJe~bu yubge Eyubu pedRnu mVhjluySXSEXnu v~eXbu luyrek vnbu yuhngdbne .
jkuYure kmesnge rejput}ge krekRlm dejzlpjm³Tge
tu‰ktu EsRmnu huyre mdRde krekRlmdu ejhuXbu pRrkpu
huybSe mtm vrv\e Oinu EmsRX j#t jljzldu
krekRlm jSm SudRnu mVh-jluySX pRmnm_u cDnhnbdR
nj` . msenu OJuSeXge Emde OJu mjkukSeXge mLn
hnYh{e EmsRX mSunu YeJen-HmJen jtFdRnu EjnFbu
jYFOX-jYFjdF cuXjyXby yuhnjd .rejput} Esenu krekRlm
fgDhnbge Ybk Ese muge muge cu~bu vndRnu jtìbRk
jSmbu, OJuSeXge lmJeX luyrek jSmbu EmsRX
Ejtuppu mjtX Oibu jpuDcukSeX jSmbu huybsene
huyrmme .
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
99
4.6.7 mcuk mYRmoSX jvumoJn tuoSnbu Em<X jSmgD
SugDpu
EmnsR SeJe~bu yugne EmsRX mVhjrui vRdeXmknu SeJe~bu
jku~nbu mcuk jSmgDpu yugne .
tmbebge mjtX oibu jpuDcuk EmSRX EVt-Ejtuppu
jpuDcXSeX Emde luyrek, Su~jpuD EmsRX Su~bge
Oibu(jgm) prmnmk Esenu tmbubR yumnu nRxuih{e .
j#t vrdu de:pe:i:pege vRDYuXdu fXbu jSl-YRm SeJe~dRnu
tmbu-tmbebge jYFrmge mjtX Oibu jpuDlmSeX
jSmgDle . jSmjdu_Rnu Ymlbu jpuDlmSeXSR fXle
EmsRX OJuSeX, jbÀuk EmsRX Kstr jljzl ge vXVhrbSeXnu EsRmnu fXlebu jpDlmSeX EsebR krmnu
SeJe~gdjg huybse vXfm jYuki . NGO SeX Emde
Epekpu jSnjYuk lmbe tunJbSeXnu pRjYukpu ExuXSeX
EmsRX OJuSeXnu Kustu SeJe~bu mmlde pXyum yumdbu
Cupu nmbu mvl kyuge jpuDlm kyu Vljr . mrR Oinu
pBuimure Kusgedmk yumnu luynu fXbu, mml yumdbu Kusdu
Ymbdu ku~bu jpuDlm kyu Vlre . OJuSeXnu jpuDcukSeX
Ese SeJe~dRnu mtm kRinu cDkdbu mOXdu tmbdu mjtX
Oigdbu jpuDlm-Vcrm kyu Subu yui . EsRmnu
jSmnbgedmk, kud}jbud}ncEXbu Ese knbu wuDle, fJbSR
wuDle . msege mHDtu jrkSen, rbr, EmsRX
fejrulnceXbSeX SeJe~bu yui .
EsegRmbu jpuDcXSeXSe mdR jSmnbgedmk Vlrebu VpSu
EdRgu mVh-jluySXge mSeXgu Enege mvu jpu{e . krmnu
msege jpuDcXSeX Ese mVh-jluySXnu SugDkne ?
Srkurge jpBugBum vrdu vRdm Oinu Ojpjrsn jbÀkjbud}ge
mSunu yuDjYuKbu lwur EmsRX Upr pBuimrege Yu \edmk
yumdBbdu Vlfm jYukpu mcukSeXge jnum} Vl . mjtF
EsRmnu , EjnFbu oºkm vrdu Kstr jljzldu suikl
EmsRX Su~jpuD Vlbu yuh{e . mVh-jluySXSeXnu msege
vRjduXcubu jlFbu yui, EmsRX mjvuyge Ejkuybdu fXlebu
jpuDcukSeXdge Su~jpuD EmsRX tmbge jpuDcX jSmbu
yui . idrjksjnl jtkjnujluJe SeJe~dRnu tmbge mLn
jhngDh~rKe . mVh-jluySX vrde kmpRtr Vljr EmsRX
jrdeO EmsRX te:ze: mjtXnu tmnbSR yuOjr .
Ejtuppu mvl kyuge jpuDlm kyu vRdm Oinu jmp,
jfujtu Emde Ekknbu herm Emge mjYF tubu vRDSR-vRlui
nceXbu Ese Kstr jsnTr SeXdu Ymlbde mVhjluySXSeXnu wuidRnu SeJe~rbu mtRXdu EmRk h~u per_Rnu
Ejtuppu OJuSeXnu fXnbu Senbu yui . EsRmnu OJu
Emnu jSmlkpu tmnbge aid EdR Ejtuppu OJu
mVmYXdu, EseLmbu jpuDcukSeX SeoJ~bgedmk jYFruX
jtFbdu, tjSXnu mSe fjnu jtFrbde SrRk yume~bge
EmsRX vXme~bge jvuXYuX vRmuX cuoSlh{kne . OJuSeXnu
jpuDcuk SeX Ese SeJe~dRnu jdjmunj#Bsn jtFjg huyrbde
muXjJFnnu jSm-Subu mjYF tui . kreLmbu a_ezete
Emu jtFnbgedmk jYFruX jtFbu mtmdu mVhjui pRmnmknu
SeJe~bu jku~nbu mSeX SRnu ExuX vRdeXmk n|gu gBRp
vRdeXm\edmk Vlgdbne . mse jtFddRnu, sRpntge ExuX
Emv_nu jtFrgu EVt pRmnmknu jyXdRnu Vlgdbu Oirbde
mdR mtm muXnnbne .
medl jljzldu beëun tmbenbgedmk cuXjyXSx Ymbge
wufm Ese fnu kRijr turKebse .EdRm Oinmk mse xse
100
fuObdu Ybk Oinu OnjYuk|e . msebR Ybk Oinu
OnjYuknbge Ehunbu jvuXYuX Oinu ExuXSeXdu mvRDmknu
cuXjyX jtFbge jpuDlm fXh~bu EmsRX cuXjyX jtFbu
yuh~bu yumdBbdu Kstrge Yu_u krekRlmdu perebu
cuXjyXSeXdR jtFbu yubu jpuDcukSeX fXhngdbne .
Kstrge mnRXdu Vlrebu mVh-jluySXSeXnu EsRmnu jYFruX
jtFbu yui mdRde cjyul Emge mnRXdu nRme tXvui Emu mVhjluySX Emnu cuXjyX jtFbge mtm jlFbu yuhnbu .
kBufge jljbujrjtureSR mjtF EsRmnu Kstr n|gu jbÀu \e
Yu_u jh~u fbu vRDSR-vRDlui pedRnu jtFhnbu yui .
Kusrrmv_du n`nu mpundSR mRDvegjdFru tmbuge klcr
EmbR jnFjhFnnu SenluXnbu mVh-jluySXnu mdRge
jvuXjnDfm Oibu yui . ExuXSeXbR YeJen HmJenbu,
jlFSeXbR jSmgD-SugDpudu pRkneX jYFgDnbgedmk
OJuSeXnu mVh-jluySXge mnRX EmsR X mpundu jtFnbu
a_ezete, jpBujJk EmsRX vXnnbu pume~bu kyu jYFruX
jtFgdbne .
4.7 mtm
mmuXge jdukR=jm³TSeXdu tmbebge mtmge ESuXbge mtuXdu
kyu Emu ijvB . hu~u huyvBbLmnu jhFJek YmJrebu
jdukR=jm³T EsedSR NCF 1988 nu huybLm, yumdBbdu
che Emdu nRmeD 200dge tudnu krekRlmge Ybk mVh-mSeX
jluySXSeXdu cDYbu Ese mjYF tui . mSege mnRXdu
tmbge meDjyXdge ExuXSeXnu jl{ebu mtm Esege
mOX jhngDnbu jhuDngdne .
jhFJekm_e mVh-jluySXge kjlndr Ese j#tge Yu_u
jlple . mfm mfmge yRmVl-VkVr, jnuXJR-nRXSu mtRX i~u,
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
dejsnjtBluiJ jtFbu mOXdu Jelu pncuytgu tu~dRnu mse
jSmbu yui .
mfmdRge jnuXJR-nRXSuge mtRX i~u jhuXjduk-jhuXJen jtFbu
yuhngdbne . vRdm Oinu, yumnu k~u jnuXcRbu ISeX IcuO
jYu\nbu mfmSeXdu jnuXJR Yudu CRte pebu yui . mmu mpu
vrnu kujlnu Kus jtFh~eXi . kreLmbu mtmdu CRte
mdmgu jlFjruk punYgu mtm Em`du Oihnbu yui .
EsRmnu jtFbSenu ExuXSeXnu mjvuyge kmRnetedge
pRnsedu ku~bu mVh-mSeX kyu tmbu EmsRX kmRnetedge
lupjYu_nu Vlbge vRjduXcubu fXgne . mfm mfmge
CRteSeX Ese jbÀuk jljzldu jlpjYukpu yui . mVh
jluySXge jYFrm kyu jYFruX jtFbdu OJuSeXgu jluynnu
pR~u v~bu EmsRX kmRnete/ze: i: se: ge jmuD jlFbu yui .
oYmjmtek Oibu ohrmdu tmbu EmsRX lm jkuibnceXbu
jYFrmSeXde muXjJFnnu jYFruX jtFbu mjYF tui .
muXdu jtFnbgedmk Ymlebu Ybk Emu jtFbdu cXbu mtmge
knjSp Esenu ExuXSeXnu tmbu mtmdu jlFbu mtmbR
vXjdukpge mjYF tubdR vXh{e . mse tubdu cXbu mtm,
pubudu cXbu mtm, ibdu cXbu mtm, a_ezetedu cXbu mtm,
v~-Vn~bdy cXbu mtm, EosnceXbu yuOrebne . mse mhu\e
mtm xuibu, jbjd}dge Senbge mtmnceXbde yuOjd .mrR
Oinu mltejgBdge tmberebSeXgedmk, mVhjruySeXnu muXdu
jtFnbgedmk Ymlebu Ybk Emu jtFbdu cXbu mtm EdR
jhngDhnbu mjYF tui .
ExuXSeXgedmk tmbenbu jYFruX jtFbu mtmdu, pubu Vn~bdu
cXbu EpRnbu mtm huybse mSu mYnt n|gu EVtgu pR~u
pubu/Vn~bu n|gu jhum wuk} jtFbunceXbSR yuOhngdbne .
jhumwuk jtFbge EpRnbu mtm+
pBuimre + Kus 2 fuObu jhumwuk} pedbu EmsRX Kus 3dge
cjyul 1du pRX 2ge pebu.
medl ºkRl + jnuXmdu pRX 1( cjyul 1du cuOruknu pRX 5dge
6 fuObu )
jsjkndre EmsRX huyr jsjkndre + jnuXmdu pRX 2 ( cjyul
1du pRX 10dge 12 fuObu). OJuSeXnu jYFruX jtFdRnu perebu
jhumwuk} Ese mrm cubu Oigdbne .
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
EdRm Oinmk EsRmnu jhuXjduk jhuXJen yubge cDnbe
EsebR lu~u SeJe~bejruidbne . kmRnete vRdeXmk
ExuXSeXgedmk mtek cubu mfm nj` . EdRgu kmRnetenSR
msege vRjduXcubu jlFdRnu nRpu nRpege jvDnbu, luineXjluncD, ku#ge Oibu mu~dbdRb RjSFgDpu jYFrmSeX
jtFhnbu yuhj{uydbne . mSenu ExuXSeXbR pekleVxdu
cuil jlbr Oih{kpu yui . ExuXSeX Ese Su~bu,
jpuDYubu MSunu pumJbu mOXdu mtm jlnbge hk
VlJrebne . mfm vrge nuDke Oibu cDnbenu mjvuybR hk
fXh{e, mfm vrdnu fXhnjd . Eyumbu mtmdu
nRpemcuSeXnu yRmge Ybk invuXge jpuDlRm pRh{e .
ExuXSeXdu yumnu iYel pedRnu TR=Sn jlFhndRnu mVhjluy SXge mtmge mmuX mtRX Enem_u Su~bge mtm yumnu
leknu fXh{e .mVh-jluySXnu mmu-mpu Emde kmRnetegu
pR~u yumnu jtuynu ExuXSeXge hk pebenbu wure wutui
jtFbu mjYF tui .
mVh-jluySXge jnuXmuge mtm Ese ExuXSeXnu mVh
jluySX jyFbdu mtm kyumrk yumnu cXgdjg huybSe
wuvdu ymlgu, gBum pncuytSeXgu v~dRnu mVh-jluySX
mSunu jlpcbu yui . huyrebu wuvl Ese SRpntge
ExuXSeXnu SrRk yudRnu tmme~bu yurknbgedmk
Oihngdbne . EsRmnu huydRnSR tmbgedmk mVh
jluySXdu jlngjdFrebu mtm Ese yumdBbdu pRX 6dge
tubu yuhj{uidbne EmsRX ECCE gedmk yumdBbdu pRX
3Oigdbne . OJu EmsRX VhjruiSeXnu yumnu luppu
mfmdge luKlbde myum pRmnmknu v~dRnu bsge tuimeX
jhuXhnbnu jtuinu jtuinu jYXnu jYFbdge jh~u Vf . mVh
jluySXge nRmeD, Yu, tum} EmsRX chege jYuruXdu jYXbu
101
xnbu kyuge SeXbRn OihndRnu mSu mSunu mjYF tubu
akspereansSeXdR fXhngdbne . mfm Esedu Ajvuynu
Senbu luXbge wuvl vr mVh ExuXSeXnu mVhjluySXnu
jl{ebu mtmbR jh~u mpRX funu ku~bu Oinbge jYFruX
jtFbdu YRmfm vr Emde ino#tR=sjlnge Oinu jSmjSmbge wuvl vr YmJre .
EyR\e ajsmbÀe +
OJu EmsRX mVhjruinu mVh-jluySXdu jyFrkvebgu jluynnu
ºkRl jhFi . KusrRmSeX nRmeDSege tmgjdFrebSeXgedmk
jSm-Sujr . ku jSXjdukpu, jtuyjlt jSXjdukpu, kudu
jbud} mfm cunu Ymbu, jpuDcukSeX Sen-luXbu EmSRX
mcukSeX jvumJnbncEXbu a_evete pRmnmk Ese
OJuSeX EmSRX mVhjruiSeXnu mVh-jluySXbR mSuge Oinu
v~nbge EmsRX jYFduX jlFbge mjtFn . msenu mjvuy mjSl
wure Su~bg mtm pe Emde jhFvebu nRmeDtu jYukvEbgu
jYFjdukSeXge mtuXdu v~bge mtm fXi . msenu Kustu
xuXngdbu mtmdR k{e .
myum pR~u jtFbu ajsmbÀe jtFreVx mtmdu Kus jtuxun
jtuxu~u luin nuinu jlphnbge mHDtu pR~u fme~hndrnu,
che yumdBebSeXnu muXdu EdRgu vr che lerbSeXnu tRXdu
VlhndRnu jtFgdbne . cjyul Emdu jnuXmu de yumnu pRkneX
jYFgDnexui Oibu wure lebegdbne . Ejtuppu nRmeD Emdu
mR=Jek tuhnbu, jlXber_Rnu wuxuXberbbR tubu, jYuyjduknu
neXSeXneXxui Oibu akspereans EmbR myumdu ledRnu
tuhnbu,nRXxuibu I-puO Vn~bu nceXbu Oibu yui . mdRge
mtRXdu KusrRmdu cDpu yui .
mVh-jluySX Eyumbdu jnuXmuge EjhFbu Ese ajsmbÀenu
OiVn . mSege mtm Esedu puO-jcSeXge jhdluin
pujYukpu yui, hkcuX SujJl jtFbu yui, EmsRX Jutege
iVS Skme~bu yui . mSe n`bu Ejtuppu a_ezeteSeX
tenSnbu yui, vRdm Oinu pR~u wure tume~bu, kmRnetege me
Emnu xuXbu tubu, mpundge lukpu Emnu xuXbu tubu n|gu
Vlkuige/Vlbu\e kreLmbu jYFjduk Emgu mre Vlbnu
kreLmbu vr jdFbu . knuLmbu Kus Emnu jtFJbu
jpBujJk emge mrmdu xuXbtubSR yui . nRmeD vRdeXge
102
n|bSR cjyul Emdu EmRk Enerk , vr SuXtk jtFbu
EseLmbu ajSmbÀe Ese Senbu yui . Yuk Emv_u n`bu
mVh, Yemge mvu jpu~u JRneyurge ajSmbÀe EmsRX
jsneyurge ajSmbÀe jtuxu~u jtFbu yui . I-puO jhdluin
vRdm oinu mRJufrbud ge bsge jvuXcD huybu jtupe_u
jssn Emu jlFdRnu krekRlmge SrRk Emu Oihnbu yui .
Eyumbu jdukR=jm³Tdu tmbu EmsRX tukpge jpreyt Emu
huybSe menet 45 nu SuV~ . EdRm Oinmk yumnu jtuynu
mSenu menet 30dge 35 fuObu jtnSnhndRnu tmbgedmk
mtm EdR mtek cuhnjd . jtìtu yRmfm oibu puru SenluXbge mtm Oinu jpreyt Ese jlFVn .
EdRm Oinmk, kBuf/Eut}/cuXjyX jtFbLmbu vrde jh~u
SuXbu huybde pRX Emudge Emumvuy fuObu SuXbu jpreyt
mjYF tui . EsRmnu ESuXbu mtm Ese sbjJk kyu
pRnSendR nu tmbu , gBRp Oinu tmbdSR mjYF tui . mrR Oinu
mltejgBd KusrRmSeXdu lmJeX Oirgu tmJbu OJuge
lmJeXmvudu tmbnceXbu mvl kyuge jYFruX jtFbdu
yunnbu jhuXjduk-jhuXJen jtFbu yuhngdbne . jlul
EmsRX E‰Lmbu sbjJk vrde nRmeD vRdeXge tmbu mjYF
turbSR EVt sbjJ_e nRmeD vRdeXge tmbu mjYF tujd .
cjyulge tuim jtbl Ese nRmeD Emgu nRmeD Emgge
jvDnbu YmdRnu Emde cjyulge meDjyXdu jyXlgu sbjJ\e
jpreyt jynjYu\dbne . mtmge mOX jyXdRnu OJuSeXnu
sbjJkSeXdR tmbevBbu mtRXdu, hu~nu jYFruX jtFbu mtmdu
vnvBebSeXdRgu jhFJek tmlbu mtRdu vXlkpdRgu cuXdmnbu
EmsRX Erunbu cRmjYukpunceXbu jtFgdbne .
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005
4.8 OJuoSXge Ojtujnume EmsRX onXtmbu
mvl mvu kyuge ExuXSeXge mjYF tubdR pebu xmnbgedmk
OJuSeXge Ojtujnume pebu yumnu mjYF tui . tmlebu
ExuXSeXnu mtek cunu cuObu mfm, jhuXjduk -jhuXJen
jtFbu yuhnbu, mjvuybR ikui vRmnbu pRmnmk Ese mjYF
tubuLm, OJuSeXSR mY_u huyvBebu pRmnmkSe mjYF tui .
jhuJek cDnrebu mOX Ese huybde mY_u VlbSeXnu mvudu
VldSeXbR vRdm cnbu, jsntr jYFruX jtFrkpu pRmnmk
Esenu OJuge Ojtujnume Epnbu pere . krekRlm nu
OJuSeXdu onXtmbu perbSR , OJuSeXnu mjvuyge mY_u
Vlrebu meOiSeXge Eyubu yuOdnu jtFbu xmgne huybge
YuJbu Vljt . mrm esenu OJuSeXnu mjvuynu jtFneXbdR
jtFbdu jSFgDpegdbne mVh jluySX Emde Kusrrmdu
jdjmujkBsebR pRrkpu mjYF tubLm mVh-jluySXge mYk
jYuXbu bR=jrukBesege jluySXSeXdSR jdjmujkBse pRrkpu
mjYF tui . OJuSeXnu Od}r jlFbdu n`nu OJuSeXnSR
bR=jrukBeseSeXdu jmuDpegdbne . OJuSeX EmsRX mVh
jluySXge mjkuk jYuXbSeX Enege mr_u Vlnrebu mre
Ese mu~bu Yu\e wuvj{uldu yRmfm Oidrnu wujrp jlFbu
mtmdu pR~u v~-Vnnrbu mtRXdu jtFgdbne. Kjlndrdu v~Vnnbgedmk meteXge mfm mtm pegdbne . OJuSeXge
mnRXdu Emgu Emgu nRXSe-cu~nu mjtXpuXnbbR pRkneX
jYFgDpegdbne . yu~dbbR yuSe~bu pRrknbge jmkuneJm
Emu Vlgdbne .
¸kRl Em<X KusrRmge anzuijrunjm³T
103
4.8.1 orjîksn Em< X jYFruX jtFnbge mtm
• nRomD vRodXge Oinu , nRomD EdRdu jtFvebSeX EmRk
orozyR Emde mYXge nRmeDnu jtFgdbSeX jYFruX
jtFnbgedmk cuOruknu omonD 45 Ymgdbon .
cjyulge jtupe\e jYFruX + jmCen
( medl ºkRl,inKRJez, Kus 5-6)
Kus 1 + jgm, Anu wuVhdR huybu mtmdu, njvuyge wuvldu
lukpu pRmnmk iS{R . mdRge mtRXdu gBRp vuyjduKgu le#
EdRdu vj~F-VnjnF . jmCenSeXdRge mu~bu SrRk jlFvDtRnu
jkjtjgure vuijdukU .
Ejtuppu mOX Emdu EmRk jkjtjgure kyu jYuknu
vuyjduknbu vnbu yui . ExuXSeXge mr_ge cut}
jSmneXbu EmbR jtuxun jtuxxunbu jmCenge cut}
jSmhnbu yui .
Kus 2 + nhuknu jmCenge mtuXdu vXneXbu pRmnm\e wuhX
jSmmR . wuhXSeXdRge mnRXdu nhuknu vXlbu Emde vXdBebu
SeX vXjdukU .
OJuSeXnu ExuXSeXg mnu_u cXdRnu krmnu luyrekSeX
EmsRX EVt Ejtuppu jlFSeXge pRVkdge n|gu
mejxundge hXdRnu krmnu puOvRm Yegdjg tukpebu .
ExuXSeXnu jhumwuk}ke wuX vnbu + krmbu jmCe~u
pRmnm_ge Efbjnu ? kre mrmge mdRnu Efbu Oirebjnu
huybge mrm peyR . msege wuhX Esege puOvRmgedmk
mmu mpugu, mcen mnuOSeXgu EmSRX mrRp mpuSeXgu
tu~dRnu Yebu .
Kus 3+ ExuXSeXnu humwuk}kedmk wuhXdu vV~ . mjvuy
mjSl v~dRnu pRjYukpu puOvRm EdR OJdu jyXh{e .
OJunu knunu jmXenge mrmdu ibu VSjrX vXbjg hXbdu
mjvuy Em`nu vXdBnde mdR mjvuydu tmbe (OJdRnu mdR
jSm-SudRnu lu\dbne) .
Kus 4 + jhFJek jtìbR\e jmCenge jcptrdR puO
.mdRdge kr tmbu yurebjg huybdR pRjYukU . mdRge mtRXdu
wuhXSeXge puOvRm peyR .
Kus 5 + refrjrns bRk Emdge jlFjYu_Rnu tBk mcu Emu
Sujr . jpuDcuk vRdeXmk jvumJndRnu Ymjl .
Kus 6 + Yb_R jluyS~bge mtm, jtupe_R OJunu
ExuXSeXdu wuhX jh~u inbu huybu mdRnu Kus jluyrbu
mtRXdsR mdRdu YeJen-HmJenbu jlptbu
• cjyulge Oinu pRX Emu EonmRk YmdRnu mYXge
cjyuldu jtFgdbu a_ezete, jpBujJk, purunceXbu
jYFruX jtFom~gdbon .
• yumdBbdu Yu Emge mnRXdu jnuXmde ExuXoSXge tmbge
jvuXcD, mjvuy mSuge Ybk tujYuk-tuSen jtFme~dRnu
Emde a_ezeteSeX jYFruX jtFme~gdbne .
• cohge EjhFbdu nRmeD nene-Hmne kuyjYu_Rnu cDlebu
che EdRdu jtFgdbu kyu jYFruX jtFme~gdbne . mSedu
CRte krmbu mtmdu nRmeD kyune Ymgdjg, klcrge
jYFrm krmbu mtmdu Ymgne, mmu-mpu EmsRX
OJuSeXge meteX krmbu mtmdu Ymhdjg huybnceXbu
hermdu v~gdne . msedu n`nu lmjkuibu,
tmnbgedmk lbRk -lmhuXdu cDpu jpBujJknceXbuge
mrmdu Vn~bu yui . mjvuynu mVh-jluySX jSmgDpu,
KusrRm mOX tuhnbu, jpustr jSmbu,
ExuXSeXgedmk Ybk vnbnceXbu herm kyudu Vn~bu
yui . EseLmbu meteX Ese mVh-jluySXgu
kmRnetegu Vlnrebu mre EdR rezeyR jtFdRnu pRkneX
cXSnbu mjYF tubu mfmSeX huybde meX cnbu, lukpu
jlphndbu, EmsRX muipukpnceXbu hermSeX mtuXdu
v~-Vnngdbgedmk mjYF tui.
• yumdBbdu coh Emge mnRXdu , nRomD 20 onod orozyR ,
orjîksn Em<X pÀuonX gedmk YmdRnu, msebR OJu
Oirbu mtRXdu pebu j|onXbge mHD oSlhngdbon .
• Yu Yuge OJuoSXge omotX ¸kRl kuXbR kuXbR jSmdRnu
jtuxun jtuxunbu sbjJkSegedmk Ymgdbon Emod
EjnF EjnFbu wuvl kyu pRjYu_Rnu lu\jdFrebu
104
muSeXdu krmnu tmbedgbjg huybsege mtuXdu
v~gdbon .
7-8 SRbu inKRJeb Kustu msege jtupek EsebR mvu
SmYbu +
beëun + knunu jmCenge mtuXdu tukpu xmme?vRdm pebu
jtFdnu Snjduknu huyyR . EdRdge Ajvuyny deksnrenu
jyXdRnu mdRbR jbÀkjbud}du ijYukU . mdR hu~u Ymlebu EY}
EdRgu cuXdmjnF . mdRdu jvDnb Ubru ? krmbu EY}nu
vXbdu luynu jYuki . krmbnu jh~u cRmbu mu{e ?
Ajvuynu jhFJek tRl huybgu, in#BjR m³T huybgu jmCen
huybgu jvDnbu vXbu xmlbru ?
jsuseil #de + Cupunmbu, bÀb, ioën punbu gure,
jrdeO/Te+ ze+ wel jcFke, ohyureX aid, kR\eX g=us,
j#uz, Selui jmCen, rejfBJejrtr EmsRX kmpRtr nceXbu
Ese knunu krmbu mtmdu krmbu Vlbu_u jSmvebjnu ?
Ajvuynu EsRmnu vnbSR yui mjvuySeXSe pRjYu_BeVxdu
meOibnu krmnu heXlmbjg .
v~-Vn~bge jtupek + pRjYuvBebu jpuDSeX Esedu 1) jh~u
luybk frbSeX n|gu jSuDYjhFrbunceXnu SeJe~bnu
jmCen yuObru ? 2) nRpeSeXnu SeJe~bnu jmCen yuObru
? 3) nRpuSeXnu SeJe~bnu jmCen yuObru ? Emde mdRge
mrm krejnu ? nRpu n|gu nRpe krmbnu jh~u jmCen
SeJeV~ .
iXles + wujrX ibge jtupek + Age pRnsebR jhuXhnvebu
jmCen ( ohyureX aid, wel jcFkenceXbu ) n|gu Age
pumJbu jmCen EmsRX pumbge mrm .
jpBujJk + Efbu EmsRX f`bu mOXdu Ajvuyge pRnsebR
jhuXhnvebu jmCen , Ajvuynu VlJbu EmSRX VlJdbu
jmCen , krmnu mdRnu AjvuybR pRnsedu jluynbumtmkndrnu , luynu Ybk jtFbu yuhndRnu n|gu tRXdu
lu\jdFrebu mtmdu SeJe~gjdFbu jmCen, nhuknu msege
jku~u lu\jdFbu jmCen Esege mSk-mOX SugDpu yui
n|gu kre krmbu yRmfmdu kur, jmujtursuikl, Sngure
weljcFke jSm Subjg ? krmnu mjvuyge fJbu EmsRX
ifejsnse jhngDhnbjg ?
jnsjnl korkRlm jfBmwuk} - 2005