r b*, loSo T.4t( ,fr
(_
H..,t"l- An. vrurS
Nitricacidis usedto makemanyproductsincluding
fertilizers,
dyesand
explosives.
The firststepin the productionprocessis the oxidationof ammonia:
4 NHg(g)+ 5 Oz(9)-+ a NO(g)+ 6 HzO(9)
Q f.
&A
i
(5)
calculateAHono
fromlHf values:
+,4jA tillfilf;i
:i;,:JiiHl,,
AH1'[NO]=90.3 kJ mol-1
AHr"[Or]=0 kJ mol-l
- Z n/rl re,^J,
A t-l(-rn= 5,-, AH
?r,&
=
q,a (to.3g ]
,
fe,,*"1Ge4l r-E\
\
m+(
mo.(-)-
(offi.)+4,*l (-rs,lE)l
1.r,,,,/
= - / 4 , J - c , F k f+ 3 ( 1 , ' ) k f r t f # k f
=
'/cL kf
'3t ri 'n* C {' ; "
d
2
r
In a puritycheckfor industrial
diamonds,
(1 carat= 0.2000g)
a 10.25-carat
oC
diamondis heatedto 74.21 and immersed
in 26.05g of waterin a constantpressurecalorimeter.
The initialtemperature
of the wateris27.20oC.Calculate
= 0.519J g-, K-t).
thefinaltemperature
of thewaterandthediamond(coi",nono
I r.t
1e4-*f+ ,- ' c r to
- . - \ x c,eooo-rl * r c.)g,,4
t= - , v-ts
e3
@.
-[
f = +4 Tl"C
h*
r,rA
=p6
| ,,,^,9+,2o"C-
a\,=ft;-T,e)
4\ = ff" -rr)
{;"oLT€
,_)
= _a
,e.c { c q
C
(S)
drrr-'"""t"
('*,^] ?, -'" (h=
All.
te=
-'"{'ft,1=
5ys Fun
//
_f (s*r;e.^-'41rc
ftt==0';!tri&,s\(r
-lr
U
qK
'/
/
= t,c 64r{ -Ai,,',,r(t)
Ar= (Be ot.\ta Er#)(C-Jw
/ , o 6 / 7 T €- 7 8 , 1 e: - / o q , o 7 . t g ? 6 d . 6
/ / c ,l T h = g q ( i 6 t T t ? 6
T€
-\^
I
3
I q./l
rhehvdrocarbil;fi?%ieT:?H3t:1;i:',.,?il:vatervapour:
rt
partialpressuresfor the watervapourand carbondioxidegeneratedin a
4.7sLrlaskat3ooc?
(),{
(6,ott
*rll.Ctt:
il
^__-;
I cc q C'*H,, / L*-L - 8,lstlo,*'t-Fr / 'ea71=-tr44
G A,+2t3Js=
Tla I3g 4
M*.bH
' rYlr) ''.
3os.Qf
,* 1r1 .43
^*!-
cc,r:
g 7.fr /c-\rs!.t
b-co:
2 CsH,r
L)
O'o+o&4 Coz
i'*
^'*''''
(coz-- (c'c+Xo'cr>Jx3ct
^^{/' ilro = s ?s,r;;;"*t
: o .3
" or ,,*-m
7f
ae_
-r@e' ? t4'c{#'3)"%'Xto''^
H'(u)
b);,, .?,fif-rqf##,ytfi". inaconstant
voru,ie
,?"#,'3
calorimeter,
it causesthe temperature
of 1.20kg of waterto risefrom
per moleof octane?
25.00oCto 33.20oC.Whatis the heatof combustion
The heatcapacity,
C661,
of the calorimeter
wasdetermined
to be 837J K-1.
'Tr=
t'f'oc"C ft."A*
;-^
ftnro* ftrrn: Q
Tr= 33 ae"C
-?"il -frro
u"t -'ta'/'ft2/ 'ryrt,^
ftrrn=
AT= 8,eoL
e{ 6',r K
:--g3++(Ead -@cft)('trmt-\(
'_
K
= -6 g63kf - 4/,/7kT
h,n=
-18,o3kT
tr h QH,"5A
- qe,UkT P"/e(sH,*
=
frtn
ffiat4,rpr
c)
3t'
rsthe
heat
orreaction,
i, ;,'"I (,!r^7;,l:{A*,{
l''
V
1,qcuH,*
t't',] ^'d#
energy,AU,or the changein entfalpy,AH,of the reaction?
Explainyour
answer.
r
, /
Av!;*-##";ffi96^ryJi
^ 2"" -a-t-/'r,.ei4-r&/g,
.%.fu
-u *n/A-
V
f'*'n t^un4
# ) AV=o ,,0+ A0J: q-,- */1*::,*t
A'0- = ft* tJ
"^A
f
ru=o
l0 =f-:r^
k^/
t
d) Assumethe samereactionwas conductedat constantpressure.Using
the reactionequationgiven,determinethe amountof PV workper moleof
oC.
octane at 25
T=ls"c=2,/S,Er :=P^+(V,-V
-?*{ AV
,r/ rry,t"{
T
-AnRT
Lr
- &,"r*)(g, eftJ
r,.J.=
K ".&t
=
,\) :
,)kfuHe
"r
An )b
) (fqr,tsK)
,m5
ft a,ot*tt-*
- 92. 3l kT
cln
?a/r
^ u (/ r, =
, , -, c + l L c o a ) A
;= r A
- l lll. .l fl f k JT rr""... "M's - t - (
- 229
2 .. I3\ \ q\ tf :
J * n( Ce4,, = - lt k5-**(t
A,\
.=
(pf C*)
? ,n*(
gn;q
T-, Q .
C\-,4/,e-ta| f;g.
the volume,in L, of ffr(g)me;surea1.ZZ"€Ana745mmHgrequired
Calculate
at 0 oCand760 mmHgin the following
to reactwith30 L of CO(g)measured
reaction:
+ 3 HzO(l)
3 CO(g)+ 7 Hz(g)--r CsHs(g)
fiA* n
&t
(4)
(5)
A.o: ?U = &no*^a1)ffin)C3or-)
D
r
h n r = h c ,n
lH, =
3Co
o
3,t2
ryrv{ t\L
+lr,h)n-(\ / l"*^
\
tt l46o*x(q /
?,.,
/
tt
71, t3 -( HL
r /
\ Y/i A.
:
rrL
L
U
til 4
+7-/ (e"?1
lron metalis madein a blastfurnacethrougha complexseriesof reactionsthat
to
CO according
withcarbonmonoxide,
Fe2Os,
of iron(lll)oxide,
involvereduction
thefollowingequation:
5
(5)
+ 3 CO(g)-+ 2 Fe(s)+ 3 COz(g)
FezOg(s)
for the overallequation:
AHo,'n
belowto calculate
. A Usethe equations
b
aHo= -11'OkJ t'
ii) Fe(s)+ coz(9)-+ Feo(s)+ co(g)
i i i ) F e g O a ( s ) + C O ( g ) + 3 F e O ( s ) t - C O r ( ga) H o = Z 2 . O k JY L
a t-l
Ut-,x't
5 F.rc3 + cc -> JF2{c,(+ C0.
6'Fe+ LLCL
- ' /E
- - ,{ 5 * e e c - L
5 n/o
c rt-e
J
f
,Lt3
1 1. ' - - '>
, - ' = 62Fh
/- r / n - t+. 9lc( Oor.+ Pco
qCC --> LFzrlCCt
d"r/" /t4,^fu3 6 f
AF,t,^
-5 6J-VT
Drn
a/4
old
I
AHr*=ecl
(d = 1.||glmL) is usedin carradiators
as an
glycol,HOCH2CHzOH,
Ethytene
oC.
oC
glycol
75.0
25
from
to
an
engine
cools
enginecoolant.5.5 L of ethylene
,\
,t fi
/1 a IJ I/f
fl
' . A
'
=#
4#
"/*<'
d.o/-s Ant 3 & 'lu-/ &
+ 66
-7f kf66
.-l
6
-lir
i ) 3 F e z o s ( s ) + c o ( g ) - 2 F e s o n ( s ) +acHooz=( g4 )8 . 0 kxJ-i .
Alf+
t<--.,1,
transterred.lTmcific c,of \ 'k.-g{:t l".-,,T3y-"l1y"oll.?X,',n
Yat,
is2.42
is
K',.
HocH2cHzoH
HOCH2CHzOH
2.42
Jr g-'
s-,K-'.
,i
'fl
(5) 1 "
"
+,'..1
' 'A '
rs'
/coo,nL n' T/.//,7
6,f'(
,r
r T - =t' 6 /ctg q/ff"-l
^0
/-,
U J 0
"C
"r.
Y4,|
^ i-a/,
#35
-21.=,Js'c
I . A
I Ig'
'
.a
r-
'
\ffi.u*
t1
t ?1'
=
f r^-/: ?3zu
u
i #\,f.o
-
r
= )S"C-TJ-?
';',Yffg;t'.t
=G/D'J)en#)(soC
ry/
* r^a
a ==
r f r = 7 3 l k T u . o,, / 4 t ; ; 7
L*/
""pql'4-^/
**,*2-t(a
_f fuW+*^/r*o.,o/
J'"/
UU -tl
, ff*''