Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, & Revolutions
1.
What prompted the Europeans to set sail?
6.
GOD, GOLD, and GLORY. After the Crusades, Europeans were
more interested in foreign goods. Merchants wanted to find more
profitable trade routes. Rulers across Europe also sought fame,
power, and glory, often claiming new lands in the name of God.
2.
Describe the beginnings of the European Slave Trade. How did it
begin?
The European Slave trade began when the Portuguese returned
from the exploration of Africa. They brought back African
captives. These African captives were traded to the Portuguese for
goods and gold by tribal leaders or they were forcibly captured by
the explorers.
3.
7.
5.
8.
Define the following words:
a. Heliocentric Theory- the theory that the earth moves around
the sun.
a. Geocentric Theory- the theory that the earth was the center of
the universe.
b. Enlightened- to be knowledgeable or aware; freed from
ignorance.
c. Laissez-Faire – a French term that means “to let people do
what they want” or to let the economy develop naturally.
Typically, who funded the exploration trips.
9.
What impact did the American Revolution have on the French
people?
The American Revolution showed people of other countries,
including France, that they could replace a monarchy with
democracy.
Define the following terms:
a. Circumnavigate – to sail around
b. Immunity – resistance to a disease or sickness, particularly
due to previous exposure to the germs.
c. Columbian Exchange - European exploration of the Americas
in the 15th and 16th centuries brought the so-called Old and
New Worlds into contact with each other. In what is called
the Columbian Exchange, numerous plants, animals, and
microbes from Europe, Asia, and Africa were introduced to
the Americas, and numerous others were transferred from
the Americas to Europe, Asia, and Africa. The effects of this
widespread exchange were profound.
What theory did Galileo prove to be right?
Galileo Galilei confirmed that the heliocentric theory is right and
the geocentric theory was wrong.
How was the Aztec Empire Conquered?
Typically, European Kings and Queens provided the funding for
the explorers to travel to distant lands. They were interest in
gaining more territory, resources, and power.
Who developed the Scientific Method, and what is it?
Francis Bacon developed the scientific method, which is a set of
instructions for how people should collect and analyze evidence.
The scientific method means using step-by-step processes to
conduct experiments.
Spanish conquistador Hernan Cotes and his men conquered the
Aztec Empire by using guns and with the help of the people who
had been dominated by the Aztecs. European diseases also greatly
weekend the Aztec population as well.
4.
Name_______________________________
10.
Before the French Revolution, society was divided up into three
classes. What were they called and who was in each class?
The First Estate was made up of the clergy. The second Estate
were the nobility. The Third Estate were peasants, craft workers,
and middle-class people.
Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, & Revolutions
11.
Who was the king and queen of France immediately before the
French Revolution? What happened to them?
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. They were captured
by the revolutionaries and held captive. They were eventually
beheaded by the new French leader.
12.
Who was the leader of the revolutionaries during the French
Revolutionary War? How is he remembered in history?
Napoleon Bonaparte. During and after the French Revolution,
Napoleon was seen as a war hero and was quickly declared the
new leader of the French government. However, five years after
overthrowing the king, he declared himself the Emperor of
France. This is not what the French wanted, they had fought for
democracy in France and did not want to return to the old
Monarchy system. Eventually, another French Revolution occurs
and Napoleon was overthrown and exiled. He returns to France
once more and forcefully takes power once again, but is very
quickly defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
13.
Define the following terms:
a. Suffrage – the right to vote
b. Reign of Terror – a period of time (1793 – 1794) where
anyone opposing the new French government would be
tortured and/or killed. This was led primarily by a man named
Maximilien Robespierre. Thousands of people were beheaded
at a public square in Paris, France. This is how and where
Marie Antoinette was executed.
c. Tennis Court Oath – the Third Estate of French society
declared themselves as the National Assembly, a new
Name_______________________________
governing body for France. They had to meet on a tennis court
because they were locked out of the meeting hall of Versailles.
At this meeting, they all took an oath to continue meeting until
a new French constitution was written. Therefore, this oath
was called the tennis court oath.
d. Guillotine – a device designed to cut the head off of a person.
Created by a physician who tried to create a more human way
of execution.
e. Exile – to be forced to be absent from one's homeland
14. What is the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution began in the 1760s and lasted until
about the mid-1800s. It was a time when new technology changed
the ways that people lived.
15. Why was the Industrial Revolution so significant?
It allowed more goods to be produced at a very fast rate. Work
was largely done in factories. The work was divided (division of
labor) amongst the workers. Typically, a worker completed the
same task over and over again. This is now called the assembly
line production method. This type of factory work relied heavily
on unclean sources of energy such as coal and produced lots of
pollution.
There were two Industrial Revolutions: the first in Europe
beginning in Great Britain in 1760 and the second in the United
States beginning in Rhode Island in 1793.