UDC811.161.2’36673.611:622
O. V. KOLGAN
(Slaviansk, Ukraine)
PREFIXAL AND PREFIX-SUFFIXAL WORD-FORMATION
OF MINING TERMS FORMATION
The work studies the word building peculiarities of the mining terms, in particular the prefixal
and prefix-suffixal ways of mining term formation as the most progressive for the further
development of the mining term system. The productivity of some word building types in mining
term structure is studied and analyzed according to the word building meaning.
K e y w o r d s: term, Ukrainian mining terminology, mining business terminology.
Over the last decade, there were fundamental studies on specific terminology
(N. O. Hymere, T. O. Lukovenko, N. A. Tsymbal, D. P. Shapran, N. O. Yatsenko and
others). Modern scientists break and actively explore a variety of issues on
terminology. Grammatical peculiarities of terminology of different industries cause
special interest. Thus, the derivation of certain terminological systems was
investigated
by
L. V. Kozak,
H. S. Onufriienko,
H. F. Rakshanova,
N. V. Rukolianska, etc.
Unfortunately, derivational aspect of the Ukrainian mining terminology is less
studied by the modern linguists.
Therefore the aim of the article is to analyze the characteristics of prefixes and
prefix-suffixes means of the Ukrainian mining terms formation.
Aim leads to the following tasks: 1) to determine the degree of productivity of
some grammatical types in terms formation of mining, to analyze them by
derivational meaning; 2) to outline the major trends of term formation in the
Ukrainian mining terminology; 3) to submit concrete proposals for the Ukrainian
mining terminology regulation.
Actuality of the article is explained by the fact that unexplored vocabulary –
Ukrainian mining terms are collected and systematized, the features of their
derivation are studied.
The analysis of linguistic material (almost 10 000 terminological units) shows
that the most of terminological vocabulary of the mining is formed with affixes. In
general, derivation as it is mentioned by T. Zhuravlova is typical “for any field of
knowledge and is usually almost the third part of the terminological vocabulary of the
branch” [1, p. 131]. A type of word formation is morphological derivation, which is
the formation of a new word by the combination of morphemes with the stem of a
word. This method is most efficient in mining terminology (3319). Suffixation
occupies a prominent place among the morphological methods. “In the morphological
structure of words formed by affixation foundation, which are very important for
terminology, for structural systematization is laid down” [2, p. 121].
Prefixion. This method of derivation is also productive in mining terminology
(183): розвантажити, перевантажити, навантажити, вивантажити ←
вантажити; підрізати, перерізати, надрізати, зрізати, відрізати ← різати;
просвердлити,
надсвердлити,
висвердлити
←
свердлити;
підтягти,
перетягти, затягти, відтягти ← тягти, etc.
There are several productive prefixes in mining terminology, in particular such
noun
prefixes
as:
ультра-
(ультрамікротом
etc.);
мета-
(метагенез,
метациннабарит etc.); суб- (субстанція) and so on. Less productive prefixes are
анти- (антикліналь, антифриз etc.) і під- (підгрупа, підклас, підкреслити etc.);
unproductive prefixes are супер- (суперконцентрат etc.), ре- (рециркон etc.) and
so on. The limited number of term-lexemes with these formants is its evidence.
Noun prefixes perform “two types of Cover-predicate functions – aliasing and
specifying” [3, p. 25]. In the mining terminology functions of substitution are
performed by prefixes анти-, ре-, під-, суб-, мета-. Specification function is
represented by prefixes над-, гіпер-, супер-, ультра-, гіпо-. They formed derivative
types of various degree of productiveness.
D e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h t h e p r e f i x мета- (20) in the mining
terminology expresses the word formation meaning “position between something”
movement in space or time, changes, transformations, movements, freedom from
something (метаварисцит, метакристали, метасилікати, метаторберніт,
метаураніти, метацейнерит etc.).
The units of d e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h t h e p r e f i x суб- (20) provide word
formation meaning “submission, the state”, manifest incompleteness of any of those
qualities, which are in the units they were derived from (субгідрокальцит,
субсилікати etc.).
D e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h p r e f i x анти- (18) expresses word formation
meaning opposite to the word it was derived from (антивібратор, антиглаукофан,
антипертит, антистебніт etc.).
The units of d e r i v a t i o n t y p e w i t h t h e p r e f i x під- (17) impose certain
objects and phenomena, that are subordinated to those they were derived from
(підгрупа, підповерх, підстанція, під’ярус etc.). Derivates of this type correlate
with the t y p e o f d e r i v a t i o n w i t h t h e p r e f i x суб-.
D e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h t h e p r e f i x ре- (1) is used to denote an
opposites, repeated action, recommence of something (рециркон).
Among the different types of derivation with prefixes used to specify an object
the most productive is d e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h t h e p r e f i x ультра- (51),
which expresses the highest degree of something denoting by the word the new one
was
derived
from
(ультраабісаль,
ультразвук,
ультраметаморфізм,
ультрамікроскоп, ультрамікротом, ультрафільтр, etc.).
Less productive is the d e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e with the p r e f i x супер- (16) to
denote the highest degree of something as the previous one (суперконцентрат,
суперпозиція, суперфосфат, etc.).
Units of d e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e p r e f i x e d w i t h над- (14) represent objects
and phenomena, larger in size, scale, than those identified by basic stem
(надкомірка, надструктура etc.).
D e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h t h e p r e f i x гіпер- (4) is unproductive, used
with the meaning “higher (highest) degree” of something that denotes generatrix unit
(гіпербазити, гіпергенеза, etc.).
Nonproductive in mining terminology is the d e r i v a t i o n a l t y p e w i t h
p r e f i x гіпо- (1), indicating a low degree of what is named by the word it was
derived from (гіпосульфіт).
Prefixal-suffixal derivation. This method is less productive in the creation of
mining terms than suffixal and prefixal (112). As it is known, for the formation of
words with prefixes, suffixes “two types of affixes should be used: prefixes and
nominal suffixes; prefixes and suffixes, which are the result of the phonetic reflex of
the last consonant of a stem” [4, p. 289]. The group of term-nouns formed by prefixpreposition and suffix derivation is represented by: 1) nouns with the prefix під- and
suffix -ник (25), denoting an object that is used to be placed under the object
represented by stem: підканатник, підрамник etc. (this type is the most productive);
2) nouns with prefix про- and suffix -ок (20), denoting a place or a space between
something: пропласток, прошарок та ін.; 3) noun with the prefix на- and suffixник (18) denoting object that is already is or have to be on the object, named by
stem: наколінник, наконечник, налокітник тощо; 4) nouns with prefix під- and
suffix -ок (16) denoting an object placed below another one, that is named by
generatrix noun base: підлапок etc.; 5) nouns with prefix за- and suffix -ок (9), with
the meaning place, space behind an object represented by stem: закрилок etc.;
6) nouns with the prefix від- and suffix -ок (2) are the names of a part of the object
marked by the noun stem: віджилок, відсоток etc.
There are not so many terms nouns formed with prefixal-suffixal derivation,
besides for unproductive derivational types. The main is the type of derivation with
the prefix пере- and the suffix -ок (19), which determines the place between
something or that connects something (перешийок etc).
Two other types of derivation are unproductive, because there are only few
term-nouns formed with these prefixes-suffixes. These pairs are су- + -ок and ви- +
-ок, used to indicate incomplete characteristic expression, the similarity to what is
called by stem.
So, prefixes and prefix-suffixes methods have low performance in terms
formation of mining. Considering that the mining terminology is unstable, and
requires a lot of detailed work on normalization and standardization of research on
the linguistic level, it has great practical importance. Therefore, the further studying
of derivational aspect of the Ukrainian mining terminology, will be in the prospect.
(Translated from Ukrainian by K. TSELKOVSKA)
1.
2.
3.
4.
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О. В. Колган
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ТВОРЕННЯ ТЕРМІНІВ ГІРНИЧОЇ СПРАВИ
(ПРЕФІКСАЛЬНИЙ ТА ПРЕФІКСАЛЬНО-СУФІКСАЛЬНИЙ СПОСОБИ)
Ідеться про словотвірні особливості гірничих термінів, зокрема приділено увагу
префіксальному та префіксально-суфіксальному способам творення термінів гірничої справи
як найперспективнішим для подальшої розбудови гірничої терміносистеми. Визначено
ступінь продуктивності окремих словотвірних типів у творенні термінів гірничої справи,
проаналізовано їх за словотвірним значенням.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: термін, українська гірнича термінологія, термінологія гірничої
справи.