CoMMITMENT FOR
A DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY
FOR
Grande Cruzeiro
P o r t o A l e g r e , O C TO B ER 2 0 1 3
NÓS SOMOS
A AVENIDA TRONCO
Welcome
On behalf of the city and the community of the region, the Municipality of Porto
Alegre, via SMGL – the Secretary of Municipal Local Governance- wishes to express
its appreciation and gratitude to the voluntary assistance that the teachers and
students of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of PUCRS, professionals of
IFHP, and Spontaneous City gave to the viability and success of the Spontaneous
City workshop “Avenida Tronco”.
This initiative counted on the decisive participation of both local community leaders
and officials from various areas of the municipal government. It met the aspiration
of the Grande Cruzeiro community and its leaders to increase the relevance of their
role facing the profound urban changes taking place in that area of the city.
Besides a modern avenue and large-scale housing resettlements, the local
community wishes to enable the realization of a broader urban, economic, social
and cultural project. The contours of this project have started to be drawn up by
a competent collaboration between the community, government, university and
international institutions.
The path is long. However, the strategy has been defined and the first steps have been
clearly identified, as well as responsibilities for their realization have been shared.
Colophon:
Let’s get working!
Cezar Busatto
Municipal Secretary of Local Governance
Gert Urhahn
Bernardina Borra
Paulo Horn Regal
Renee Nycolaas
thespontaneouscityinternational.org
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Introduction
The participants expressed their will to continue on the strategy
set out with the roadmap and to look for suitable next steps for
implementation and realisation.
The booklet in front of you is the final result of the Avenida Tronco
Workshop of October 2013.
The Workshop has been very successful, we have been working all
together, in Grande Cruzeiro, in one room for an entire week, and in
a perfect atmosphere, defining shared ambitions and first projects.
It was a great experience for all of us.
In addition to the summary of the workshop, which is to be a
commitment for everybody that has been involved, the booklet
presents some advices about how to start up the defined projects.
It also contains an outline for an overall arrangement that defines
tasks, roles and responsibilities as kick-off for the future working
process. This hopefully helps to shape the organization structure of
these projects, defining who is taking the lead and how to organise
the process.
With this summary we want to testify the results of the workshop
as a commitment for further arrangements. We want to bind the
results of the workshop and the intention to go beyond the event,
achieving commitment and definition of roles from the different
parties concerned with the future of Grande Cruzeiro.
The workshop is only the beginning!
All participants of the SPcitI workshop - inhabitants of the
Grande Cruzeiro, officials of the Municipality as well as students
and teachers of PUCRS - realised that the chosen format of the
collective working process of the Avenida Tronco Workshop is
demonstrating and practicing a direct and efficient way of working
in complex transformation areas. It offers direct contact and a
seamless exchange of information, it brings the interests and
arguments of the various stakeholders fast into discussion, and it
can lead by common decisions to collectively supported plans and
projects. Experts have been invited for specific issues of economy,
regularisation and financing.
Gert Urhahn and Bernardina Borra
Paulo Horn Regal and Renee Nycolaas
In the final session of the Workshop, on 11th October 2013, the
participants of the Workshop agreed on the results as summarised
in the Roadmap for the Development Strategy ‘NOS SOMOS
A AVENIDA TRONCO’ (pages 26-33) as a base for upcoming
activities and projects.
The Roadmap formulates the AMBITIONS for the future on long
term, the primary CONDITIONS as key project fields, and a set of
FIRST CONCRETE PROJECTS.
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Spontaneous City Manifesto and Principles
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Porto Alegre and Today’s Developments
World Cup 2014
The Avenida Tronco
16 Brief Presentation of Grande Cruzeiro
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The Workshop
Main Goal
Preparation
Kick Off
Format of the Workshop
Working Sessions With Specific Themes
Experts
Ambitions, Conditions and First Projects
End Result: Developments Strategy
The Workshop as Working Method
Commitment for Grande Cruzeiro
Development Strategy
Ambitions
Conditions
33 First Concrete Projects
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36
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External advices
Solidarity economy
The Caixa
Land Regularization
Learning Centre
Regularization Pilot
Avenida Expo
Avenida Tronco
Civic Economy
Information and Communication Centre
Economic strength and changes
Make Friends
How to Finance a Project
Avenida Expo, Implementation
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Impression of the Workshop
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Tasks, Roles and Responsibilities
Inhabitants
FAUPUCRS
69 SPCITI
70 Municipality of Porto Alegre
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Team
5
The SPONTANEOUS CITY MANIFESTO
Another Practice
The Spontaneous City is a plea for another Urban Design practice,
parallel and complementary to the traditional area development
strategies, and with different investment logic.
The Spontaneous City is a concept open to interpretation,
but firm in the aim: re-shaping the contemporary city
according to a distinctive set of priorities. The modernistic
emphasis on urban coherence and safety
should be replaced, to accommodate the
contemporary culture that demands change
in time, collective and individual concern,
broad understanding of sustainability, and
surprise!
The Spontaneous City is dealt by its inhabitants,
in a never ending process of transformation and
adaptation. Individuals and groups, including both residents
and business people, re-use or re-organise spaces in housing,
workplaces, parks and street. The potential of city dwellers has too
long been ignored.
Co-design, Co-production, Co-property and Co-responsibility are no
longer just fashionable terms, but accepted design forms in terms of
sustainable urban development, which have to be implemented and
applied more and more in a larger scope in collaboration
CHANGE IN TIME,
with the big companies and local authority.
COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL
The framework of The Spontaneous City has been CONCERN,
developed through more than 20 years, according also to BROAD UNDERSTANDING OF
older principles, and is still under development. However, SUSTAINABILITY,
today’s conditions –the failure of neo-liberalism, and the AND SURPRISE!
consequent geo-political and economical shifts across the
world - made evident the negative aspects of the current planning
methods and, in a way, become a catalyst for The Spontaneous
City.
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PRINCIPLES
CREATE COLLECTIVE VALUES
The Spontaneous City is based on four leading principles:
ZOOM IN
To alternatively move from one scale to the other- means embracing a development process
simultaneously at the disposal of many initiators. It is essential in renovation districts and new
areas to map out local needs, relevant players, and the prospects –or rather obstructions–
they face from overall to street level. A thorough examination of both daily conditions and
urban planning regulations is a necessary strategy for the urban planner and this demands
a sharp eye for detail.
BE USER ORIENTED
SUPERVISE OPEN DEVELOPMENT
Participatory structures must surpass participation itself. The energy, ingenuity and investment
capacity of all involved stakeholders must be embraced in order to meet future challenges head on.
Fresh approaches and resources are needed, from micro-financing of local projects to digital visual
platforms. Innovations can already be found in abundance, but must be intensified in order to reach
as many potential project initiators possible, from top businesses through to deprived urban districts
inhabitants.
Residents, associations, companies and co-operatives should be given an active role in urban planning
initiatives. Boosting of endogenous investment capacity plays a central role. In practice, this is already
a broken tradition: urban development driven by local economy instead of being monopolised by
only either big developers or public
housing. The urban planning
needs to be more integral
and custom-made,
tailored to the
resources of
the user.
Urban functions, architecture,
density and lifestyle are constantly
changing factors. Sustained
development means that a city
district or quarter must be able
to adapt according to these
changes, in terms of housing,
employment functionality and
living environment. Non-linear
design of a city ensures its
vitality. Simultaneous supervision
of project initiators, in varying
frequencies and directions, is
of paramount importance. The
blueprint must be absolutely in
tune with the map indicating a
wide range of possibilities and
specific opportunities. An urban
plan must inspire a broad range of
participants and, at the same time,
keep open to adapt to the rules of
the game as they are being played
in time.
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Defining shared ambition is an integral part of the game. It is a
political process that must be developed both publicly and expertly.
It involves collective investment for example in innovative street
patterns, parks, energy infrastructure or water quality, but
also immaterial aspects as local culture, in order to preserve
a city’s heritage and enhance its public spaces. Nature,
water, landscape, accessibility, heritage and architecture are
combined to create collective values and inspire new forms of
use. Acknowledgement of existing and future shared values
is a component of anticipatory and resourceful planning. It aims
at developing an area’s quality, unique character and coherence,
confident of the city user’s resilience and conflict-resolving nature
due to the common platform it is based upon.
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PORTO ALEGRE AND TODAY’S DEVELOPMENTS
Porto Alegre is the capital city of the state Rio Grande do Sul,
located in the Eastern margin of Guaíba Lake. Its population counts
approximately 1,5 million inhabitants. Porto Alegre presents an
enormous contrast of urbanity and nature, clearly visible because
of the city centre built opposite the extensive and almost untouched
river delta. The city and its region, situated in the very South of Brazil,
are home to the Gauchos culture, similar to Argentina and Uruguay.
However it is predominantly warm, the winter months in Porto Alegre
are very cold.
means. Porto Alegre has a pioneering role in Participatory Budgeting
and is internationally known for it. However, the essence continues,
partly because the population has got used to a certain level of
participation. There is a spirit in which people automatically claim the
possibility of participating in decision processes.
Today’s urban planning focuses on several areas, for example social
housing is an enormous and on-going challenge. Regularization
projects of informal areas and new housing constructions are to
face this challenge, accompanied by social-economical projects.
Most housing interventions nowadays are realized by means of the
national programme Minha Casa Minha Vida (My House My Life).
Furthermore water is very present in the city. Water pollution is one
of the big problems the Municipality is trying to counter. Also mobility
and accessibility are main issues of urban policies. More and more
people show their wish for better public transport and bicycle lanes.
The municipality does invest in a bicycle network. Also the construction
of a metro line is being planned, that will connect the city centre with
the north zone of the city. However, car mobility still seems to be a
priority in urban politics, which reflects in many construction works
with regard to road axes. In the case of Porto Alegre the World Cup
2014 has been a strong incentive for investments in urban mobility.
Compared to most other Brazilian cities, Porto Alegre pursues a bit
stronger planning policies. It was the first Brazilian city establishing
a Master Plan in 1914, with mobility and sanitary conditions as main
objectives. This led to the construction of big avenues through
the city, followed by a network of radial roads. Porto Alegre also
has pursued relatively strong zoning policies, including norms for
functions and urbanistic rules.
A very distinctive characteristic of Porto Alegre’s policies is the
deployment of full Participatory Budgeting processes, since the
end of the 1980’s. In this democratic system, ordinary people can
participate in the decisions taken on how to allocate public financial
Image courtesy: http://portoalegrenacopa.blogspot.nl/2012/03/porto-alegre-240-anos_25.html
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World Cup 2014
The Avenida Tronco
Porto Alegre is one of the Brazilian cities where the World Cup
2014 will take place. The event is the motor for a series of vital
structural and sustainable improvements of the city such as a better
accessibility for public and private transport and for social and
economical prosperity.
The World Cup projects in Porto Alegre include for example the
modernization of the football stadium Beira-Rio, the extension of
the airport, the settling of several infrastructural knots and corridors,
new viaducts, the ‘aeromovel’ that connects the metropolitan train
to the airport of Porto Alegre by a light rail vehicle, etc. Among the
projects initiated due to the World Cup, the Avenida Tronco had been
indicated as a social intervention with opportunities for improving
living quality of the environment.
It is a vast project, concerning great modification of existing
infrastructure along a trajectory of 5,3 kilometres. This vastness
and the need for relocating a high number of families make the
project very complex. The construction suffered delay and has been
excluded from the list of ‘World Cup projects’. The deadline for its
conclusion therefore has been let go and will be only after the World
Cup, in approximately one and a half year, which would be mid2015.
The new Avenida Tronco will be the result of enlargement and
connection of a sequence of existing streets, in order to create one
of the most important trajectories in the City of Porto Alegre. The
Avenida will be 5 km long and will link the area of the Hipodromo do
Cristal to the 3rd Perimetral and bifurcate towards the old Olympic
Stadion. The project was planned for decades already, but there
were no resources available yet to initiate it.
As the initial intention was that the Avenida would be one of the
World Cup projects, the financial means and the will to invest in the
project have become accessible thanks to the event. Once realized,
the Avenida will provide a major legacy linking north and south and
releasing traffic problems in the entire city.
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The new section of 35m will accommodate an innovative bus
system, a bike lane, and four car lanes. The new street profile will
entail relevant consequences for the edges of the street.
Along the street several informal settlements are now forming a
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densely inhabited compound of different neighbourhoods and
“vilas”. 1400 families must be relocated. The intention is to offer
good alternatives for the families. These would consist of the option
of new constructions nearby the corridor of Avenida Tronco or a
bonus system, through which the moving families are financially
compensated in order to obtain a new house themselves.
edges of the new section. This issue particularly concerns the quality
of the new streetscape and how the entire adjacent neighbourhoods
can profit from that. The project will engender a thoroughfare sided by
small scale informal housing. This can be an awkward combination
that touches relevant aspects for the municipality, but above all
for the local inhabitants. Therefore the project also concerns the
living quality of the surroundings along the future Avenida Tronco
and trespasses the mere infrastructural task. The Municipality,
students and inhabitants debated across every aspect of the project:
infrastructure, housing, local economy, public spaces.
However, hinders in the process occurred because the building
of new housing is stagnating, partly due to delays of the
constructors of the new housing projects. Therefore
many families have not yet left their dwellings. Some
of the buildings to be torn down along the street are
already empty or demolished, but along most of
the length of the street, several families still live in
the areas that are to be opened up.
At the same time, the municipality and the
inhabitants are facing the issue how to manage
the housing that will remain along and behind the
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Brief presentation of Grande Cruzeiro
In a spatial analysis in a formal city, we can most of the times
analyse a logical and delimited division, as it is possible in the city
of Porto Alegre, divided by regions, neighborhoods, etc. However,
when we expand the optical analysis we get beneath the surface of
a geographic classification of the informal city: small villages and
favelas.
The way the spatial location of Grande Cruzeiro is presented is often
mixed with media and common sense, leading to a common jargon
in which is referred to as Vila Cruzeiro. Grande Cruzeiro is considered
as one entity only in the formal division of regions of the Participatory
Budgeting. Whilst, as a region, “Vila Cruzeiro” area extends from the
Center-Northeast of Porto Alegre to “Cristal”, a neighbourhood at
the beginning of the south part of Porto Alegre. Yet, in a closer look,
it is possible to identify 40 villages with own names and features
with an estimated total population of over 200.000 people, more
than 12% of the city population according to Brazilian Institute of
Geography and Statistics (IBGE).
The irregular settlement emerged in the 1980’s, together with a
negligence and unpreparedness of the government in relation to
precarious housing. Nowadays, in addition to the daily struggle of
governments and constant social demands, the complex of vilas
has a new problem to deal with, which is the opening up of the
Tronco Avenue. Object of the workshop were 20 villages along
Tronco Avenue that will be affected directly by the development of
the new road network.
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The WORKSHOP
Preparation
Six month before, the preparations started. In April 2013, Gert Urhahn
from SPcitI was invited by Paulo Horn Regal and Renee Nycolaas
from PUCRS to give a lecture about the Spontaneous City at the
Faculty of Architecture of PUCRS University in Porto Alegre. The day
after, Gert, Paulo and Renee met people from the area and visited it
guided by them. Since then every two weeks Paulo and Renee took
part of community meetings to talk about the area and thoroughly
discuss with the inhabitants about the local dynamics and their vision
on how the area is today. Also lecturers were invited to teach on
different urban issues, on request of the inhabitants.
Main Goal
The main goal of the 5 days workshop organised by SPcitI in close
collaboration with the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design
of PUCRS University and the Municipality of Porto Alegre was to
collectively outline a transformation strategy and first concrete
projects to improve living conditions and local economy in Grande
Cruzeiro. According to the possible risks but also benefits it can
cause to its surroundings, the new 5,6 km long Avenida Tronco has
been a catalyst for discussing and deciding upon a new perspective
for the whole area it crosses.
Meantime Paulo and Renee have been contacting and organizing
meetings with the municipality, local developers of SICEPOT and
other stakeholders to gather interest and connect information of all
different parties, while students from the PUCRS started investigating,
analysing and mapping the actual condition of the area. Thanks to
all this preparation and the close collaboration, a Reader could be
made as a small guide to introduce all the participants to the area, the
themes, and the ambitions and the format of the workshop.
With this workshop we brought together different groups of people
on location: local neighbourhood leaders and inhabitants, officials of
various city departments and students of FAU PUCRS University. To
hold the workshop on location is a fundamental choice of the format.
The community offered a splendid room within the community
building of AMAVTRON in Grande Cruzeiro. We have been working
there together for 5 days.
Mixed collaborations between participants have been set up. They
were all together comprised on equal base in one big working team.
Thus the workshop enabled each participant to feel free to act as
individual member, and in second place as representatives of a
specific group or department.
Kick Off
The kick of was the first time that all participants met on the location,
marking the beginning of the workshop, of 5 days working together.
There was the opening by Mr. Busatto (Secretary of Governance of
Porto Alegre), Mr. Regal (professor at PUCRS) and Mr. de Oliviera
(one of the inhabitants representatives), followed by the briefing of
the participants, the presentations of first findings of the students of
PUCRS University and a site visit.
Extract from the reader’s Introduction, by Mr. Busatto
“…By respecting the specific characteristics of the place, believing in the wisdom and ability of
the people who live there, encouraging participation and cooperation around ideas, projects and
innovative actions and enabling acupunctural initiatives with impact, Spontaneuous City differs
from conventional urban planning. For us, the partnership with Spontaneous City reflects our trust
in the democratic construction of each of the different areas of the city, starting with the strength of
its citisens, interacting in networks of learning and design.”
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5 DAYS SCHEME WITH THE 4 STEPS
PROGRAMA
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AMBIÇÃO
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CONDIÇÕES
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ESTRUTURA
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1ª
FILEIRA
INICIATIVAS
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BAIRROS
CAPITAL
HUMANO
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LÓGICA
DE
INVESTIM.
PROJETOS
CONCRETOS
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Adelia Azeredo Maciel Antonio Daniel de Oliveira Malvina Beatriz de Souza Gessi B. Fagundes Dornelles
Ivonete Valente Maria Claudete Melo Santo Michael Santos Paulo Jorge Cardoso Paulo Roberto da Silvo Sergio Bueno Amaral Ozzi Escarcel Rosa Maria Silvestre Luciano Soares Cardoso PASSOS
PRIORITÁRIOS
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+
MODELO
FINANCEIRO
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VALORES
COLETIVOS
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FINANÇAS
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OUT
2013
DEZ
2013
FEV
2014
Carolina Biolchi Paola Maia Fagundes
Maíra Bento Saraiva
Samara Fonseca Januario
Guilhermo Dexheimer Gil
Camila Bergmann
Franthesco Spautz
Taiane Beduschi
Danielle Guarda
Luciana Probst de Castro .......
Four mixed teams have been organised around the four themes
discussing and working together, looking for opportunities, ideas
and possible projects. Based on this, the workshop days were mostly
organised in group sessions and open common sessions where all
participants could reflect and react upon the work in progress of
each group, and external expert’s lectures as extra input.
Eng.José
Vila Cruzeiro
Vila Cristal-Cruzeiro
Vila Cruzeiro
Vila Tronco Neves
Vila Tronco Postão
Vila Tronco Neves
Vila Silva Paes
Vila Cristal- Divisa
Neighborhoods
Vila Prisma
Bia
Paulo Jorge
Andréa
Denise
Regina
Ana
Taiane
Danielle
Luciana
Vila Cruzeiro
Vila Tronco Neves
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Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
HUMAN
CAPITAL
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Antonio Daniel
Gessi Bernardete
Paulo Roberto
Sergio
João
Paola
Maíra
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
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SMURB
SMURB
Arq.Denise Pacheco Till Campos DEMHAB
Soc.Denise de Menezes Ferreira DEMHAB
Regina Martins
Feil Borges Biol.João Roberto Meira Arq.Oscar Carlson Arq.Maria Regina Steinert Arq.Ana Zart Bonilha -
Arq. e Urb. - PUCRS
Arq.Andréa
Arq.Ernani
G r a nde c r u z ei r o
Claudete
Michael
Rosa Maria
Oscar
Regina
Samara
Guilhermo
Camila
Beco do Lago/Vila Pantanal
Municipality
Soc.
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1ª ROW
Vila Tronco Postão
Students
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Format of the Workshop
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Specific Themes
Inhabitants
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investiment
LOGIC
Adelia
José L. Cogo
Denise
Ernani
Carolina
Franthesco
DEMHAB
SECOPA
SMAM
SMAM
DEMHAB
Metropoa
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Working sessions with specific themes
Experts
The four chosen themes have been meant as the basic instrument
to spark communication among participants. Each theme was
elaborated by one of the four teams. The purpose was to speak
about the current day situation as well as about the future and to
collectively identify the ambitions, needs and demands for Avenida
Tronco and its surroundings. At the end of the workshop they served
as input for the final Roadmap for a development strategy that
includes and summarises all the results of the workshop.
Several experts of different disciplines such as financing, street
management, economy and regularisation from Brazil and abroad
have been asked to help us during the workshop to understand the
mechanisms and to formulate ambitions, activities and projects.
Ambitions, Conditions, and First Projects
It is stated that the Avenida Tronco – among the other infrastructural
projects of the World Cup - should be regarded as a combined
infrastructural and social project. Being aware that the construction of
the Avenida Tronco is offering a momentum which has to be used by the
local inhabitants, that there is the right for regularisation for everybody,
that some chances will take time, but that there is also the wish for
producing direct results, the participants have been asked to outline
and define: main ambitions, conditions and first projects. This method
has also helped to clarify which procedures need to be solved in order
to be able to develop the ambitions and projects. These procedures
depend on a legal permission, granting or other factors.
Specific Themes:
1ST ROW: How and what to do with the spaces in between the plots on the first row along the Avenida
NEIGHBOURHOODS: How can the adjacent neighbourhoods be improved?
HUMAN CAPITAL: Nurturing collective human skills in the area
Investment Logic:Outlines for appropriate organisational and financing models.
claudete
PAoLA
Franthesco
Taiane
Guilhermo
ADELIA
danielle
Carolina
LUCIANO
ANA
BETO
RATINHO
AMBITIONS: The main ambitions are giving clear direction to the
transition process for the longer term.
CONDITIONS: The conditions are the most fundamental and vital
vehicles to steer the process in the right direction.
FIRST PROJECTS: the first concrete activities and projects that
can be realised in a shorter period and coincide with the first steps
needed to achieve the ambitions.
COgO
Ellen
End Result: Development Strategy
ANDREA
LUCIANA
The biggest undertaking of the workshop has been to transform
the urge of ideas, wishes and projects into a clear and structured
development strategy which reports the ambitions and conditions
and translates them into first projects as discussed and agreed by
all participants during the common sessions. Since this road map for
ANA
MARCIO
PAulo Jorge
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a development strategy is the fruit of the work of all participants, it is
to be considered as a shared commitment how to work together on
Grande Cruzeiro. (For further insight see chapter development strategy – commitment)
The Development Strategy is composed by three main elements:
- the ambitions that define the long term vision for Grande Cruzeiro
- the conditions that describe the specific aspects of the vision that
are primary and essential factors for a successful
implementation of the ambitions
The Workshop as Working Method
All participants of the SPcitI workshop, inhabitants of the Grande
Cruzeiro, officials of the Municipality as well as students and
teachers of PUCRS, recognised that the chosen format of the
collective working process of the Avenida Tronco Workshop, is
demonstrating and practicing a direct and efficient way of working
in complex transformation areas. Working together on location offers
direct contact and a seamless exchange of information, it brings
the interests and arguments of the various stakeholders fast into
discussion, and by common decisions it can lead to collectively
supported plans and projects.
Such method is an effective tool to quicken and consolidate crucial
decision moments. It has to evolve in time by evaluations and
adaptations, and regular workshops would be effective to spur the
process.
Moreover, the Avenida Tronco workshop in Grande Cruzeiro has
demonstrated to be a good pilot for establishing a new collaborative
approach that can apply also for very different areas in Porto Alegre.
- the first concrete projects which is a list of short term projects, that
are at the same time basic for the vision unfold and
urgent to be achieved now.
(For more details see external expert advices)
PAulo
Jorge
Andrea
Gert
beto
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ana
claudete
adelia
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The Development Strategy document is the final agreement among
all participants resulted out of the workshop. It is essentially a road
map that defines the collective commitment for future projects to be
pursued together.
Especially concerning the time line, the Development Strategy is a
tool for an open process development: further evolution in time will
require new continuous assessments of the roadmap also in the form
of new workshops.
New workshops might help to evaluate and accelerate the process.
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Commitment for Grande Cruzeiro
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COGO
BIA
Bernardina
BETO
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AMBITIONS
UP-GRADE
STABILITY
All participants agree that inhabitants of Grande Cruzeiro want and that it is
their right to keep living in the area. This means to turn Grande Cruzeiro into
a legitimate and fully fledged part of the city and implies to regularise the
borders along the Avenida Tronco as well as the full extension of the adjacent
neighbourhoods.
COLLECTIVE DEVELOPMENT
To continue and improve Collective Development entails different levels.
At the very local level of Grande Cruzeiro, the communities demonstrated
already a relevant cohesion and good co-operation among them. This should be
continued and improved with consistent communication and collaboration within
the different neighbourhoods. Other neighbourhoods of Grande Cruzeiro, that
did not yet participate, will be welcome to take part if they demonstrate serious
interest in participating.
Specific factors to be developed within this frame are:
- Delegate powers, appoint leaders for specific tasks:
Community representatives can delegate powers and create room for different
leaders that can take charge of specific tasks or projects that require concentrated
focus to be organised and managed.
- Hire professionals:
In many cases the communities will need to outsource different kind of
professional knowledge to support their initiatives in an appropriate and efficient
way (e.g. regularisation process when initiated by the residents). As soon as the
communities contact a professional they can then elaborate together a proposal
of collaboration and outline the program of a project. This will serve also to look
for funds within which the honorary of the professional can be included in the
costs.
- Maintain the partnership with PUCRS
PUCRS has demonstrated to be a good and reliable partner to Grande Cruzeiro,
committing itself to some specific projects with defined targets (e.g. the learning
centre). This is a practical example of how new partnerships can reinforce the
possible initiatives that the communities of Grande Cruzeiro will undertake in the
future.
- Look for other partners
It is crucial to identify the right partners that are the most suitable for the
implementation of every different project and that respect the possible skills and
time that people from the neighbourhoods can bring into the process.
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Another ambition of Grande Cruzeiro is to shed a new image that expresses
its identity and qualities (existing and new coming) to the rest of Porto Alegre.
The following structural and programmatic actions can help to positively turn the
image:
- Accessibility and visibility
The neighbourhoods will need to be clearly and efficiently connected to the
Avenida. To realise this requires specific attention in terms of both infrastructure
and functions of the buildings and open spaces along the Avenida, but also
to create new destinations inside the neighbourhoods. This will give more
accessibility and visibility on a metropolitan and a local level.
- Safety
Safety concerns different issues of different nature. By increasing accessibility
and visibility, criminality is likely to decrease, though supplementary monitoring
activities might be needed in the beginning. And improvement of accessibility
for fire brigade and other emergency services in each street is a necessary
consequence of the process of regularisation.
- Sewage
It goes without saying that sewage is a basic need to be implemented. Projects
by the municipality for a well functioning and complete sewage system are
already under development and should be completed within the shortest period
possible.
- Public spaces, education, other public services
More public spaces for leisure and sports, more education, more public services*
-Learning centre
A project for a learning centre specially developed for professional education is
already under preliminary discussions between PUCRS and the communities of
Grande Cruzeiro.
-Valorisation of local collective values
Grande Cruzeiro has already lot to offer to its inhabitants and to the city. They train
for the Carnival, they have a samba school, a theatre, participate as football team
in the “Guribom de Bola” tournament, they could develop a market. And above
all they are inventive Do It Yourself house designers. All this has to be preserved,
enhanced and paramount displayed.
- Diversity in the area
The urban renewal of the area will have to be diverse with points of higher and
lower density, differentiation of building typologies and programme and open
spaces across the whole Grande Cruzeiro.
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CONDITIONS
SELF-SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
Grande Cruzeiro has a promising economic productive potential that is now
latent and can be released by the new Avenida Tronco and the redevelopment
of its surroundings. The Avenida will open new links to the rest of Porto Alegre
bringing new influence and new entrepreneurial chances. This potential has to
be critically developed in order to let the local communities grow accordingly,
making part of the whole process and take the maximum profit of it – on the local
and the metropolitan scale.
The following aspects are fundamental for that:
- Benefit of the new metropolitan exchange brought by the Avenida Tronco
- Strengthen local (solidary) production and consumption*
These two aspects complement each other. A self-sustainable economy is one
that has strong local bases and stands a position towards the rest of the city.
- Develop room for work and sale
Several one-man business are spread across Grande Cruzeiro, functioning
within home walls and enduring lack of space, lack of technical support and
visibility (e.g. clothing, sewing, shoemaking). Different kind of solutions could be
proposed as either small workshops or collective shared working spaces.*
- Exploit rubbish collection as local economic cycle
The collection, separation and recycling of rubbish is a relatively diffused
business. The way it is so far dealt with has to be reorganised and managed
to keep the jobs and to become more productive for the whole area. Grande
Cruzeiro could organise a new collection system centralised in the area and
in the future, for example install a centre for bio mass redistributing energy to
the neighbourhood under the legal frame of a private company, set up by the
inhabitants.*
- Foster urban agriculture
Informally urban agriculture is already well diffused in Grande Cruzeiro. Many
came from the south of the region and have Guacho legacies. Moreover the
home differentiation of dry and wet rubbish enables to easily produce compost.
Inhabitants could search for bigger and smaller particular or collective patches of
ground to develop urban gardening.
- Increase mix of programmes
Range from metropolitan functions to local craft.
- Connect local employment with the learning centre
The learning centre can already focus on local fruitful enterprises or employment,
also with an eye on the creation of room for work and sale. More about this can
be read on page 45.
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AVENIDA TRONCO
The Avenida is the “visit card” of the communities of Grande Cruzeiro. The
Avenida will be an important –long awaited- transversal connection in the radial
system of infrastructure of Porto Alegre. This has to be developed not only into a
go-through thoroughfare but into an entry to the Grande Cruzeiro as well.
Treatment of the 1st row
The new section of the Avenida has been defined in terms of lanes and
traffic flows, yet the organization of what will be on the side and the layout of
the encroachment zones has to be defined. Inhabitants (also in partnership
with external stakeholders if needed) and the municipality have to develop
specific plans through an overall vision and plot-by-plot approach establishing
programmes that can accommodate all four ambitions in a proper way.
Several options have been investigated during the workshop and need further
development.
Information And Communication Centre
A communication and reference centre that treats and centralises all issues
about the redevelopment along the Avenida has to be established in Grande
Cruzeiro. This would be the place where inhabitants and possible other parties
can get all necessary information and where they can meet and have a dialogue
with officials from the municipality. All material information and discussion should
be held there, preferably accessible five days per week.
Accessibility and visibility
The connecting streets from the Avenida to the inside of the neighbourhoods are
key factors for the accessibility and visibility. They should be designed carefully,
and especially corner plots need special attention, as well as the quality of the
inner destinations.
Some special programmes
Establishing one or two highlights of metropolitan reach along the Avenida would
be very favourable (e.g. a public library)
Regularization
Regularisation along the Avenida as well as inside the adjacent neighbourhoods
is crucial. Regularisation consists of juridical and spatial interventions. Those are
strongly interlinked. There is no clear pattern on how the regularisation processes
are carried out and how the urbanistic and juridical parts are related to each other.
However, roughly it can be stated that the adequate spatial conditions determine
the possibilities for juridical regularisation. Regularisation, both spatial as juridical,
is of major importance for possibilities of development of the region. Without a
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legal status, access to the formal world is very limited. This reflects in working
possibilities, access to financing and makes a big difference psychologically.
Detailed survey
During the workshop, exchange of information and important documents could
take place, due to proximity and immediateness in the discussions. Yet it became
evident that there is an incompleteness of information in several respects due
to the complexity of the area. This urges for the making of a detailed survey. It
requires a compound of local and technical knowledge. Such document would be
the bundle of not only a field research but also a collection of all projects planned
and under development of which everybody should be aware. It would ease both
the regularisation process and the upgrade projects of Grande Cruzeiro.
Information and Communication Centre
As for the Avenida also the regularisation process needs a communication and
reference centre that treats and centralises all issues, located in Grande Cruzeiro
and preferably accessible five days a week.
Initiative
The regularisation process has been initiated by DEMHAB. For this reason, in the
case of Porto Alegre, the initiative taken by inhabitants as described at pag.41
is not applicable. Anyhow, the same article does explain which are the rights
of the communities and that they can use their own forces and resources to
support regularisation processes. Perhaps it would be interesting to set up an
agreement between the communities and the Municipality of Porto Alegre, to
guarantee continuation of the process. Regardless who first takes the initiative
for a regularisation, a strong organisation of inhabitants of the area is necessary.
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FIRST CONCRETE PROJECTS
KEEP ON WITH COMMUNITY ASSEMBLIES
The communities will keep regularly gathering and co-operating for the
planning of the future development of Grande Cruzeiro.
AVENIDA TRONCO EXPO
The lanes of the Avenida will be ready in a year and a half and traffic will pass
through Grande Cruzeiro from that moment on. Yet parts of the regularisation
process and most of the projects along the Avenida will still be in progress.
To give already a clear sign of the changes and the new image of Grande
Cruzeiro an expo along the Avenida could be organised. The temporary expo
would feature photos of the neighbourhoods along the Avenida on scaffold
structures. It should be low tech, easy to construct and to remove, but
impressive in the new message.
LEARNING CENTRE
Education is fundamental for improving the living conditions. There are
already ideas for developing a learning centre in Ipê Barracão. Community
leaders in collaboration with public departments pull this project. It might be
desirable that all stakeholders join their forces and that this learning centre
becomes one for the entire area of Grande Cruzeiro. If all involved actors
agree, and if the residents of the neighbourhoods agree that this centre
could serve the entire area, FAUPUCRS can contribute to the educational
programme of courses. More on this can be red on page 45.
If necessary, the courses of Learning Centre could take place in first instance
in a temporary already existing building.
DETAILED SURVEY DOCUMENT
Inhabitants, students of FAUPUCRS and officials of the municipality could do
a site survey. This survey is urgent and should be provided together with all
other documents, at the disposal for public consults in the Information and
Communication Centre Avenida Tronco. The mapping that DEMHAB does as
part of its regularisation activities, could be included in this survey. In this way,
double work will be avoided.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION CENTRE AVENIDA TRONCO
For communication about the progress of the construction works of the
Avenida, about relocations, land regularization and other related public matters,
an information centre should be created, During the workshop, a potential
localization in Vila Tronco Postão was mentioned, which nowadays is already
the office of DEMHAB. It should be kept in mind that other public offices and
organs (CAR and SMOV) already exist, which could be localized together in
one central place, as a way to concentrate the resources of information.
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OTHER PROJECTS….
In addition to these projects much more ideas for projects have been
formulated during the workshop, which might be worked out later on. This
concerns projects such as sewage, rubbish collection with biomassa enery,
more public space, more public services, shopping and working places, a
samba school.
As long as progress will be made, the Development Strategy - Commitment
will need revision and updates in which new projects and new steps will
become more defined and ready to be undertaken.
Carolina
Luciana
Beto
eduardo
MArcio
Ratinho
Paulo Jorge
cogo
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EXTERNAL ADVICES
Prof. Dr.
Gleny T. Duro Guimarães
Faculty of Social Services
PUCRS
Brazilian
Solidarity economy: general characteristics
All matters treated in this section have already been discussed in the
workshop. The texts presented here are either complementary to collective
discussions that did not have enough time to be more developed during the
workshop, or specific professional advices that need a special focus.
The advices consist of knowledge and visions. They contribute to the projects,
consisting of important information. In other cases they serve principally as
extra information and inspiration for possible application.
Unemployment nowadays affects thousands of families and one of the
ways people can face this situation is forming a group with the proposal to
generate income collectively. These groups can have various denominations,
such as: association, cooperative, “recovered enterprises”, familiar group,
informal group etc. Independent of the name or juridical registration, its form
of organization and management characterizes the group that generates
income in the perspective of solidarity economy, which is the opposite of the
logic of capitalistic enterprises.
This chapter is a summary of concept guidelines and advices how to develop
most of the points of the Development Strategy - Commitment document. It
can be used as a base for formulating more concrete project plans for each
project. One of them, Avenida Expo, the one with the highest priority in time,
is already worked out by PUCRS more in detail and can serve as example for
the others.
The logic of non-capitalistic economic experience is based on the principles
of cooperation, of solidarity, of democracy, of equality of rights and duties,
of collective actions, of liberty of expression and of power to take decisions.
Those principles are determined based on horizontal relations and collective
participation and decision taking in assemblies, just as in the socialization
of the productive process. These characteristics are part of the process
of self-management of the group, which Tiriba (2002) calls the “Factor C”:
Cooperation, Companionship, Collaboration, Community, Collectivity.
Self-management, as element of solidarity economy, is the opposite of
‘hetero-management’, which is characterized by the hierarchy in decision
taking and by vertical relations, in which only one actor is owner of the
business. Hetero-management is prevailing in the majority of the capitalistic
companies, where the logic is to increase the productivity of the workers, less
costs and more lucrativeness for the entrepreneurs. The relations are based
on individualism, competition and comparison, besides being hierarchical, in
which the workers have no power to take decisions.
There have been various practices related to solidarity economy, for example:
networks of solidarity cooperation, exchange clubs, which work with activities
concerning production of goods, deliverance of services, solidarity finances,
fair trade and solidarity consumption.
The Network of Solidarity Collaboration, according to Mance (2000), is a
strategy of organization in which various enterprises are interrelated in order
to realize determined activities of production and consumption. The network
creates opportunities for a partnership between the enterprises and a relation
of constant exchange, which makes the strengthening of the groups possible.
Exchange clubs are social spaces, where people come together o exchange
their products, trading those products with an own or local currency. The
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Eduardo Speggiorin
social currency has the function to substitute the money that is in use in
the society and is only valid for that group that uses it. It provides a way to
facilitate the exchange of the merchandize realized in the Exchange Club.
Urban and Rural
Development Manager
Caixa Econômica Federal
Brazilian
The Fair and Solidarity Commerce (Comércio Justo e Solidário – CJS) is
based on the principle that the value of merchandize is a just value without
surplus, and that the business therefore is fair, without exploration or
overvaluation of the product. According to Mance, its characteristics are:
promotion of dignified conditions of working and remuneration for the
production activities, aggregation of value and trade, with a fair price for
whom produces and for whom consumes the products and services of
CJS, and the socio-environmental sustainability of the production and
marketing networks; respect for and preservation of the environment; and
the valorisation, in commercial relations, of the ethnical and cultural diversity
and knowledge of the traditional communities (2000, p. 24).
The Caixa
CAIXA is a public federal financial institution, with the mission to “act in
the promotion of citizenship and sustainable development of the country,
as a financial institute, agent of public policies and strategic partner of the
Brazilian State”.
The solidarity economy proposes to be a way of life, based on the conception
of a more just society. It is not limited to ideas about business, but also
implies ideas about principles, life values, seeking for the realization of
collective decision taking within a broader scope of social relations. Neither
is solidarity economy limited to a group of people, but is concretizes a
society that breaks with the current patterns, searching for a place for all,
without prejudices or social inequality.
The acting of CAIXA is broad and diverse. As financial agent, besides being
active in the common banking area, it brings to the people that cannot take
part of this market the possibility to save, finance basic goods, receive
resources in form of non-refundable aid, as in case of the Family Allowance
(Bolsa-Família) programme, finance university education or finance housing.
As agent of public politics, besides financing construction of housing and
infrastructure interlinked with governmental programmes, it represents
diverse ministries, establishing agreements with states, municipalities or
entities without lucrative objectives.
Bibliographical references:
MANCE, Euclides. Redes de Colaboração Solidária. Como gerar trabalho e
renda em nossa comunidade. Cartilha-Curitiba. IFIL,2000
TIRIBA, Lia Vargas. Economia popular e produção de uma nova cultura do
trabalho: contradições e desafios frente à crise do trabalho assalariado. In:
FRIGOTTO, Gaudêncio, et. al. Educação e crise do trabalho: perspectivas
de final de século. 6.ed. Petrópolis, Vozes, 2002. P. 195.
These characteristics feature a performance that is somewhat peculiar in
Brazil, very different from other financial institutions or from other public agents.
On the one hand, it represents the interests of the Federal Government in the
application of resources for social programmes, which does not happen in
other private financial institutions. On the other hand, CAIXA has a flexible
position in a broader network that other public institutions do not have. It has
an agency or negotiating correspondent in all Brazilian towns, besides 70
managers specialised in urban and rural development, localised in the major
Brazilian cities.
Apart from all this, from all its actions and specialisations, CAIXA is also just
one of the agents that contribute to solving the problems of our cities. Its role
should not be confused with that of municipal or state institutions, of specific
professional institutions, of universities and especially not with the role of the
communities themselves. And already for a very long time, we perceive that
where there is no social organisation, there is no successful urban solution.
Grande Cruzeiro can not be seen as just one community. The existence of
diverse leaders, without whom the tens of thousands of people that live there
would not be reached, shows that there are communities in the entire region,
all with their own history, virtues and problems. The physical dimensions
and juridical and social problems of Grande Cruzeiro are enormous. It
is not feasible to think of one and only action to solve the problems of all
communities that are there, no matter how urgent they may be.
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The construction works of Avenida Tronco, that should change many
characteristics of the entire region, are a problem and opportunity at the
same time. The perspective, though incorrect, of all problems being solved,
can result in a dispute between the communities that are settled there, about
the priorities of intervention. This can lead to a broader discussion about the
core and the extension of the intervention, disaggregating and disorganising
the entire structure of the beneficiaries. That, in my point of view, is the major
risk of the intervention with the dimension of the proposed plans. A mitigation
of the current problems of the construction of the Avenida Tronco is foreseen,
that is to say, of one part of the problems of Grande Cruzeiro. It is therefore
at this point that the social work of the Municipality and of the community
leaders should make the difference. It is necessary to focus in that what unites
the people, not what separates them. A flawed focus will bring unnecessary
wastages and loss of mobilised energy, resulting in a hardly fruitful debate
and low adhesion with the adopted solutions. On the contrary, a focus on
the structural problems that affect everybody, once discussed, perceived and
accepted by all, will contribute to a sentiment of pertinence, participation and
realisation.
Arquitect Eduardo Speggiorin
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Economist
Dutch
Despite of being a constitutional right for every citizen, the right on minimal
conditions of habitability is still far from reaching all Brazilians. Sadly, many families
still live in an irregular way in the cities of our country. For being a difficult process,
by far not everybody has a good knowledge of Land Regularisation. It requires
specialised professionals in the subject in order to attain the certainty of a dwelling
with basic conditions to live well. In the following paragraphs, the Architect and
Urbanist Jaqueline Menegassi and the Economist Ellen de Kroon present the
meaning of Land Regularisation – the first step towards the conquest of dignified
housing.
Jacqueline Menegassi is Master in Sustainable Development with great
professional experience in the public sector and in the company Latus Consultoria
(Porto Alegre), where she is one of the partners. She has always acted in the
area of popular housing and land management, besides consultancy in the
elaboration of master plans and in the public planning policies concerning the
areas of housing and land management. Ellen de Kroon is leader of projects in NV
Zeedijk (Amsterdam): she acts in the area of marketing, recruitment of participants,
redevelopment of projects, budget control and financial management.
Menegassi and De Kroon will elaborate the different ways of demanding for
regularisation and what is necessary for its approval, as well as a step-by-step
of how to attain Collective Land Regularisation, what, according to the authors of
the text, would facilitate the process of approval of the necessary documentation.
The following article and the step-by-step, besides based on the professional
knowledge of the authors regarding regularisation and urbanization, was created
with the starting point of analysis of what is happening nowadays in some areas
in Grande Cruzeiro, where the people have problems to have their dwellings
regularised. Grande Cruzeiro houses a lot of people and is going through a
considerable process of change of the space and the relations with the rest of
the city, because of the construction of Avenida Tronco. The article applies for
areas in which the residents would take initiative for regularisation, instead of the
municipality. In Porto Alegre, the municipality takes initiative to regularise, following
the demands defined in the process of Participatory Budgeting. In order to give
more priority to the regularization of the area of Vila Tronco, the communities and
the municipality could consider the possibility of an agreement of mutual interest
on this matter.
A fraternal embrace for everybody
-
Ellen de Kroon
Architect and Urbanist
Brasilian
Land regularisation
The existence of the workshop is to a large extent due to the capacity of
mobilisation of the communities of Grande Cruzeiro. They demand action
of the municipalities for improvement, based in one of the most basic
constitutional rights, the right on housing, in its most broad meaning. The
current actions of this workshop will not solve all problems of Grande Cruzeiro.
The improvements need to be constructed gradually, in which every pass is
realisable and implies certainty that it represents the wishes of the majority.
The Caixa Econômica Federal (Federal Economic Caixa), as strategic partner
of the State, will stand together in this trajectory, doing everything it can.
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Jacqueline Menegassi
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Land Regularisation – Legally instituted rights and
the challenges for its effectuation (Jacqueline Menegassi)
way of the application of usucapio has manifested itself – taking care of the
administrative and notarial recognition of properties.
The process requires that the Government demarcates the area by means
of “Action of Urban Demarcation”, with notification in the land registry office
in order to communicate the process to the land owner. Without his or her
opposition, the government grants a Title of Legitimization of Property. From
the moment of registration at the registry office, the owner will have five years
to claim its property. Without any manifestation, the title owner can apply for
conversion, registering the property (article 60).
The concept of Land Regularisation that is nationally being consecrated
by institutional programmes and by the pertinent legislation is that one that
establishes the interdependency of actions and takes us back to juridical,
physical and social regularisation of occupations and informal settlements.
We can not speak of dignified housing as unique condition of the social
constitutional right without speaking of certainty of ownership and adequate
conditions of habitability. The juridical regularisation is a fundamental phase
in this process, because it expresses the recognition of the individual
certainty of ownership to the occupants. However it is necessary to integrate
the settlements into the city, consolidating the necessary urban and social
improvements.
Established in that way, the Land Regularisation takes us back to the necessity
of public intervention and demands for politics that create necessary
conditions for the government to adopt its constitutional duty, guaranteeing
the social function of the city and of urban property.
However, the urban properties were legitimated constitutionally through the
article 183 of the Federal Constitution. In its footsteps, the article 9 of the
Statute of Cities regulates the institutes of Usucapio of urban property and the
Concession of Use (and after that the Concession of Special Use for Housing
Purposes – CUEM).
Initially vetoed in the Statute of the City, the CUEM was introduced through
the Provisional Executive Order 2.220/2001. It obligates the government to
recognise, free of charge, that person that until 30/06/2001 had its urban
public property of maximum 250 m2 for his or her own dwelling or that of his
or her family, and without being owner of other rural or urban property, for five
years without interruption and without opposition. The title should be given
through a contract between the government and the beneficiary, registered in
the land registry office.
Just as is the case of Urban Usucapio, the CUEM will be granted individually
or collectively. In case of refusal or omission of CUEM by the appropriate
authority through the administrative way, it should be achieved through the
juridical way, being declared by the intermediary judge and registered in the
land registry office.
The Special Urban Usucapio offers the title of estate to the urban properties
that have been occupying private terrains for five years without interruption,
through juridical sentence. The requirements are that the area consists of
maximum 250 m2, it is being used for housing, the ownership is pacific and
without opposition and the applicant has no other properties. After being
homologated by the Legal Power, the title should be registered in the land
registry office. The Urban Usucapio can be applied individually or collectively.
Another progress of the Law is that an adequate level of habitability and the
improvement of conditions of urban, social and environmental sustainability
are assured (article 48). At the moment of the protocol of Action of Urban
Demarcation in the land registry office, studies for projects of urban
improvements are to be initiated, that should set the terms and costs involved
with the implementation. That makes the Act Action of Urban Demarcation of
Urban Demarcation important, also for occupation of public areas.
From the moment of juridical marking as synthesised above, start the first
passes to be taken for legitimation of the properties of public areas, through
CUEM, as the process of Usucapio of occupations in private areas already
will be started.
The first step is an administrative application of the community for obtaining
CUEM at the government. If in one year it has not been granted, the application
can be done through the juridical way. A collective action should determine
the borders of the occupied area that is applied for, with the requirement that
the area is adjacent to a public road (official public area).
The juridical way should be accompanied by a competent professional
(advocate), disposing over the following documentation: (I) a descriptive
memorial and mapped delimitation of the area the CUEM will be applied for;
(II) the identification of the families and their qualification (name, identity data)
and a declaration that the families have a low income and do not posses
other property.
The following text presents a step-by-step, which can help the community in
taking the initiative and in the organisation of the process of regularisation,
according to the ideas of Ellen the Kroon. Although financing through banks
is not easy in Brazil, it is valuable to understand more of these foreign
conceptions and practices. Perhaps they can be a motivation for new ways to
be constituted institutionally here in Brazil.
Besides, today there is the possibility to obtain financial means for organised
social entities for the Land Regularisation and housing improvements,
through the Ministry of Cities together with the FNHIS (National Funding for
Social Housing), in order to go to through the registration process. By means
of this financial support, NGOs and non-profit organisations that help the
communities in these processes can be involved. Those are new ways that
can be followed by local communities that aim for Regularisation.
In practice, the legally constituted progresses face difficulties in its
effectuation. The CUEM was initially not so well received by the executive
sectors and has been nominated as being unconstitutional. Nevertheless,
there already is jurisprudence, which increases its possibility of conquest
through juridical way. In the particular areas the process of regularisation
of property resulted in time consuming and costly actions. However, since
the Federal Law nr. 11.977/09 has become valid, a more quick and effective
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How to initiate a regularisation process (Ellen de Kroon)
1. How to organise the regularisation of so many neighbourhoods?
Key is that individual residents take initiative and go to the municipality with all the
necessary documents to ask for regularisation together. Advantage is that one group can
just start with this and becomes the example for the rest of the city. Maybe people of the
first group can make their job out of explaining other groups how to get started.
The first step of developing the learning centre is a careful elaboration
of a project plan. The plan should be set up in order to have a long-term
strategy with a clear objective. Many questions are to be answered before
starting: what is the objective of the learning centre, what is the target group,
which kind of capacities are lacking in the neighbourhoods, for what kind
of professional capacities is demand from employers, how can the learning
centre be connected to and collaborate with the market, who will manage
the learning centre, what resources are needed, where would they come
from, who will teach etc. These are just a couple of questions that show the
importance of a solid project plan.
4. Then the group can:
- Hire the experts (define a good assignment!)
- Work with experts to get all documents and needed collaboration from everyone
- Go to the municipality with the complete request. The request must be that this
neighbourhood wants first the legal registration and within five years the urban
regularisation (including all the adjustments to the roads, sewage, electricity). These five
years give the municipality time to plan this big infrastructural investment.
- Ask the experts to monitor the activities of the municipality in order to ensure that
something happens with the request
The shelter of the learning centre is obviously important, because apart from its
practical function it serves as meeting place for the different neighbourhoods.
The location should be accessible for the broad public. However, the shelter
should not be realised before having the above mentioned plan about the
programme and management of the learning centre. If necessary, a temporary
shelter can perhaps even be sought in an already existing building.
5. How to pay the ‘initiative-rate’?
- Find out what kind of experts you need to get a neighbourhood regularis
- Find out what would be a good ratio between amount of individuals and cost per
individual to define the minimum group size
- Go to the Caixa Economica (and maybe together with two other banks) and ask them
to start a “regularisation-loan” which is specially for the “non-regularised” citizens that
want to invest in getting legalised. Idea is that people can borrow the “initiative-rate” and
pay this back after they got legalised. If people have to make adjustments to their house
or pay something extra to organise the regularisation, they can again ask for additional
money from the regularisation-loan (this is necessary to avoid the rest of the group waiting
for one of the participants searching for money)
PUCRS, led by FAUPUCRS, would like to contribute to the educational
programme of the learning centre. If the communities have a clear vision of
the courses they need and how they will manage the learning centre, they
can involve the University for the educational programme. PUCRS will then
evaluate whether it is within her possibilities to put in teachers for the courses,
both students and professors. In case this vision is not clear yet, PUCRS is
willing to help setting up the overall project plan, including an investigation,
together with the communities and with commercial actors, for which courses
is demand. This demand can come both from possible future employers as
from the course participants. The University could also help the communities
in finding funding (Brazilian or international) for financing the teaching
activities, for acquisition of equipment, etc.
6. The bank can also profit from this loan:
- First of all they earn money with it
- (The goal is of course to make a social deal with the bank: not more than 1,5% interest,
starting after 1 year or so. And paying interest will also keep up the speed in the process)
-“Sales” for the bank increase with the amount of people entering a regularisation
process, and they are potential clients in the future ( the first positive contact is already
made with the regularisation-loan)
- Opportunity for promotion as a social bank
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Urban Planner
FAU-PUCRS
Dutch
A learning centre is already under development in Vila Cruzeiro do Sul,
involving the community leaders pulling the project and some departments of
the Municipality, via the Participatory Budgeting programme.
3. Every group according to a certain size of neighbourhood starts by:
- Creating a fund/bank account
- Let every resident in the group pay the initiative-rate
- Selecting three people to be the one in charge for hiring the necessary experts
-
Renee Nycolaas
Director of the Faculty
of Archtecture and Urbanism
PUCRS
Brazilian
Learning Centre
2. The first assumptions for the mobilisation are:
- Residents are not depending on the municipality to take the initiative
- The municipality can hardly refuse a collectively well-prepared request
- Every individual has to invest in this collaboration and is therefore more likely to cooperate
and solve any difficulties that come up in the process.
- It will give structure to which neighbourhood goes first and than second, because the
process only starts after a neighbourhood has organised itself into a collective.
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Paulo Horn Regal
About the content of the courses should be decided together with the
community leaders, local residents, whereas possible future employers and
PUCRS, with FAUPUCRS as coordinator. The courses that will be taught can
be of a professionalization and/ or recreational character. This depends on the
demand of the stakeholders (mainly the residents, who are the future course
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participants). However, FAUPUCRS sees a great value in professionalization,
linked with future possible employers.
The combination of a learning centre with ateliers for small business can
be interesting for the overall social and economic development of Grande
Cruzeiro. Small ateliers can perhaps be developed inside the learning centre.
It can be considered to create courses that are linked to the other projects
defined during the workshop, for example a course in photography for the
Avenida Expo or a course “How to find investors for urban projects”.
municipal actors and political will and decision. It is therefore much in question
how much time it will take to implement this programme.
Now that the initiative to regularise this specific area in Grande Cruzeiro is
taken, a process of regularisation initiated by the residents, as described on
page 41, is most probably not necessary. FAUPUCRS and DEMHAB believe
that the workshop of October and, principally, the intension of everybody
that was present in the workshop to collaborate in the regularisation, might
accelerate the process. The juridical regularisation is responsibility of the
municipality. However, FAUPUCRS is willing to accompany and assist in the
process, as it is strongly interlinked with the socio-urbanistic interventions,
which will be proposed in the form of a pilot project.
The link with business opportunities should constantly be kept in mind. In that
way, the learning centre can become an incubator.
The learning centre should serve for everybody on equal base. Therefore
different political interests should not hinder an equal accessibility for
everybody. Political interests could become an obstacle to a possible
successful initiative. This is a crucial issue that needs to be overcome.
Once the determination of the guidelines of CTARF is in a more advanced
stage, FAUPUCRS and DEMHAB will do a global evaluation on the area, with
the objective to, together with the residents of the area choose a smaller
area, which is most adequate for the elaboration of the pilot project. Once
determined, a profound mapping of the selected area will be executed.
This mapping involves the urban network, the sanitary network, the housing
conditions, risk areas, the presence of public services and amenities such as
schools, shops, squares etc. On the base of that new and detailed mapping,
urbanistic interventions based on the guidelines determined by CTARF are to
be designed, in a collaboration of DEMHAB and FAUPUCRS.
Regularization Pilot
Regularisation of land is a right and necessity of everybody. The chances for
real social and collective development, just as the improvement of conditions
of citizenship of the people living in the neighbourhoods located along the
avenida, depend significantly on juridical and urban regularisation. Although
regularisation is a process of overlaps between social, urbanistic and juridical
interventions, by and large can be said that the socio-urbanistic conditions
determine in high extend the possibilities of juridical regularisation.
FAUPUCRS aspires to create an internal programme related to the
regularisation pilot, involving students of architecture and urbanism, oriented
by professors of urban planning and urban design. A group of selected
students will work as interns, assisting the municipality with the mapping of
the area and with the proposals for future interventions. The aspects that
the Faculty could study are for example the necessity of urban equipment,
identification of conditions of the dwellings, the evaluation of technical
possibilities of preservation or removal of buildings, interviews with the
residents about their aspirations regarding their housing situation. For this,
an agreement of the collaboration between the municipality and universityfaculty is desirable.
The Municipality is willing to regularise Vila Tronco region (that includes
vilas Tronco Postão, Tronco Neves and others), of which the land is public
ownership.
In order to start the process of regularisation, guidelines of various municipals
bodies, including DEMHAB and other secretaries and departments, are being
established. The representatives of each municipal body gather in CTARF
(Technical Commission for Analysis of Land Regularisation), in order to set
these guidelines. They indicate what factors are considered necessary to
be ‘adequate’ before juridical regularisation can happen. Examples of these
factors are the road network, infrastructural network or risk areas. Once the
guidelines are set, in-depth social, urban and juridical mapping of the area
is to be executed in order to diagnose profoundly the conditions of the area.
The residents of the pilot area will be strongly involved in the process of
regularisation, with the responsibility to invest time in their participation. This
will require that they are well organised internally. Furthermore, they need to
be aware that the process can take quite a long time. The more the residents
are active in the process, the more knowledge can be collected amongst
them on how the regularisation process can be gone through. This is valuable
in the future. The involved residents can even professionalise themselves as
‘regularisation experts’.
Only on the base of this diagnose can be thought of interventions. As all
different public bodies establish different criteria for the regularisation
of an irregular area, balancing all requirements is a time-consuming
process. DEMHAB is the municipal body that is directly involved with the
land regularisation matter. In the CTARF, DEMHAB tries to synchronise all
criteria as good as possible, establishing an adequate project, with which
the departments agree. Although DEMHAB is in favour of the urbanistic and
legal regularisation and wishes to move fast, it should be considered that
the quickness of this process depends on the coherence between different
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Avenida Expo
As decided by the participants of the Workshop, the first project to be
executed to fulfil the defined ambitions is the “Avenida Expo”. The Avenida
Expo is a short-term project that aims for visibility of the neighbourhoods
of the Grande Cruzeiro region, through public exhibition of the values of
Grande Cruzeiro. It consists of images of sceneries, people and practices
inside the neighbourhoods to show passenger from the entire city the life
in the communities, the vitality and beauty on the streets, social initiatives,
art, sports, etc. Avenida Expo will be an outdoor photo exhibition alongside
the future Avenida Tronco, visible from passing cars. It will probably consist
of approximately 20 exhibition towers with big photos along the lanes of the
Avenida.
Gert Urhahn
Bernardina Borra
Founder of SPcitI
Dutch
Founder of SPcitI
Italian/Belgian
Avenida Tronco
As “visit card” of the communities of Grande Cruzeiro, the Avenida Tronco
will become the main link between the diverse adjacent vilas and the city.
The future character and the image of the Avenida will mainly be determined
by the new buildings and spaces alongside the road: the building types,
the building height, the architecture, the street orientation. It’s precisely this
zone where the future character of the Avenida will be shaped. Furthermore
this zone is of great interest for the neighbourhoods. It is offering plenty of
new development opportunities, also for the neighbourhoods. It is of crucial
importance to consciously organise the development of its sides, how they
will open towards the street side, the typologies and the different uses. It will
be a quite complex process and definitively needs a perfect preparation and
a adequat organisation and direction of the process. The main instruments
needed to steer the process are:
The exhibition towers of the Expo could be situated at special and strategic
points in empty plots that will be chosen in collaboration between the
communities, FAUPUCRS, the municipal departments EPTC and SMAM. This
temporary Expo would be featuring photos fixed on scaffold structures to be
designed in a short workshop involving students from FAUPUCRS.
The towers should be constructed in low-tech materials, easy and cheap to
construct and to remove, but impressive in the message. If necessary, some
people from the communities will need to help to build the construction.
If it fits in the budget, it would be interesting if the images will be changed
regularly, for example every three months.
The opening of the Avenida Expo could be at the Anniversary of Porto Alegre,
in March 2014 and finish quite quickly after the finishing of the construction
of the Avenida.
FAUPUCRS will take the lead and curate, but the project is a common
responsibility and depends on collaboration with the communities and the
Municipality. Whereas possible and necessary, FAUPUCRS will delegate
tasks to the communities.
1. Intervention space
2. Spatial general plan
3. Regularisation
4. Design guidelines (rules)
Intervention space
First of all, there needs to be a detailed mapping of the intervention space along
the Avenida Tronco, possibly executed by the Municipality and FAUPUCRS.
The intervention space consists of two saw-edged strips of land, each on both
sides of the demarcation line of the planned traffic profile (profile of 34,80m).
The intervention space is the remaining space in between the demarcation
line and the adjacent neighbourhoods including the lots it affects, and might
even involve other adjacent ones. Even if the strip is relatively thin, the huge
numbers of adjacent lots and left over spaces alongside in combination with
the perfect visibility are offering perfect new opportunities.
Resources for financing the project need to be found, perhaps by sponsorship
of private companies that get great visibility by this visual project. The
municipality may manage this point in collaboration with FAUPUCRS and
neighbourhoods after the project plan including a budget is developed.
The detailed project plan for the Avenida Expo can be found on pages 60-63.
General plan
Once the intervention space is mapped, the over all plan should be developed.
Main purpose of this plan is to identify areas for redevelopment to be built,
and areas not to be built. It also includes over all issues such as accessibility
to the neighbourhoods, visibility, corners and landmarks and the location for
the Information and Communication Centre.
This general plan is the link between the infrastructural plans for the traffic
aspects of the Avenida and the existing neighbourhoods.
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The connecting streets from the Avenida to the inside of the neighbourhoods
are key factors to enhance accessibility and visibility. On the one hand
accessibility for cars will mostly depend on how traffic will be organised to
exit from the Avenida main stream into the inner feeders. And on the other
hand, concerning accessibility for pedestrians, the organisation and design
of bus stops, zebra crossings and sidewalks should be carefully developed.
Good and safe accessibility of the bus stops is fundamental. The planned
mid-position of the exclusive bus lanes and -stops should be combined with
safe pedestrian links for crossing the street. The access lines to the bus stops
have some economical possibilities for small scale commercial functions.
Concerning both visibility and accessibility, especially corner plots need
special attention. Accessible from different directions, street corners are
much better visible than any other location and get stronger if coupled
with interesting programme. They have a better economical position for
commercial functions, but can be used as meeting points as well.
Also specific programme could be assigned already; these may be one or
two highlights of metropolitan reach (e.g. a public library).
spaces, for instance around some of the corners of the Avenida as well.
The general plan should give clear direction to the process without being too
detailed. It is also organising the necessary infrastructure for the development
alongside such as water and sewage, and can be used as base for the
regularisation.
Building typologies
There is room for plenty of different building types. The average should be
slightly denser than most of the current houses, especially because of the
width of the Avenida.
Regularisation
Regularisation along the Avenida as well as inside the adjacent neighbourhoods
is crucial. Regularisation consists of juridical and spatial interventions. Both
are strongly intertwined. Regularisation is of major importance for possibilities
of development along the road as well as within the neighbourhoods.
Just to give an idea:
Individual family house
Individual mixed use housing / working
Individual houses with shops
Collective building for several families
Flexible buildings for working places and ateliers
Small flexible towers and few higher towers
Diverse building for public services
Design guidelines (rules)
Principles and design guidelines are giving direction and information for
all possible investors. They should be formulated and linked to the level of
the lots. It’s about issues such as street frontline, maximum height, street
orientation, encroachment zone, and parking. Some of the issues to be
developed are presented below as examples.
Encroachment zone
The encroachment threshold zone is dealing with the relationship between
built and not built, between private and public, between open and closed.
It is this strip, which offers spatial, economical and social opportunities to
the local people. For the encroachment a set of general guidelines can be
developed, valid along the whole length of the Avenida. However in several
cases guidelines should be depending on the surrounding features and
on the kind of development, defined plot-wise or in specific chunks of the
Avenida.
Types of development
There is room for different kinds of initiative takers: inhabitants, local
entrepreneurs, collectives and specific developers. Collective development
can produce qualities, which are not possible on individual level and viceversa.
Teaming up can solve different kind of difficulties, for instance when it is
desirable that small plots get bound together in one, or the opposite; when a
plot is too big to be developed by one individual (see schemes). The choice
for one or the other type of development depends on the specific position,
size and form of the location, marked on the over all plan.
A clear street orientation is important for enhancing livelihood at ground floor
level. This is about the relationship between building en public space: the
spatial and programmatic relationships between the pedestrian area and the
adjacent functions at ground level of the buildings. This entails the position
of the entrances at the ground level functions, as well as sheltered place like
porches or selling places.
Density
There is a need for densification along the edges of the street, because the
space is quite limited. Yet, there is a need for shaping a balanced spatial
relationship with the Avenida, and for creating some supplementary public
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Civic Economy
CREATIVE PROGRAMMING
Numbers of other opportunities can be created by combining programs, such
as popular recreational facilities with commercial activities. One might think
about a football field realised with private stakeholders, comparable to the
Cruyff courts in the Netherlands, financed by Johan Cruyff’s foundation, a
famous soccer player who wanted kids to learn to play football in their spare
time in their neighbourhood.
Or combinations such as market and food, shopping and car wash,
agriculture and park, start-ups and cafe’s, street vending and production.
May be one of the fields could be sponsored by one of the tv on top of Santa
Teresa broadcasting of the “Guribim de bola”, as somebody said during the
workshop.
Besides Solidarity Economy, there is also another way for people to cooperate in the economical process, responding to the increasing desire
among citizens to create opportunities for co-creation in the economy of the
city, the same time answering the need to create collective value.
According to 00:/architects, the authors of the book ‘Compendium for Civic
Economy’ “… civic economy generates goods, services and common
infrastructures, founded upon social values and goals, and using collaborative
approaches to development, production, knowledge sharing and financing,
in ways that neither the state nor the market economy alone have been able
to accomplish…”
The question is how Civic Economy can help developing the first projects
and activities as formulated in the Commitment of 11 October 2013. (see
Compendium for The Civic Economy at: http://issuu.com/architecture00/
docs/compendium_for_the_civic_economy_publ)
INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE
You could also think about innovative energy, like mobile solar plants for
markets or bigger events or a company combining the collection of rubbish
with the transformation into bio mass energy.
ALONG AVENIDA TRONCO AND WITHIN THE VILAS
WORKING PLACES
Being aware that the shift and gradual transformation of the Avenida Tronco
and of the adjacent vilas into vital and liveable areas will be the result of many
factors such as increasing prosperity, improved security and regularisation,
massive small and medium -scale investments of the local inhabitants is
definitively one of them.
In fact, the inhabitants of Grand Cruzeiro already have a lot of experience
in self-managing their own neighbourhood by initiative taking, financing,
building and in collective acting. To use those skills also for new kind of
initiatives will be a major challenge. You could think about initiatives for
working places, start-ups, collective housing, innovative energy, city-farming
and some specific programmatically combinations.
Steering those processes need a specific organization comparabel to street
managements in the Netherlands.
Affordable working places are important and can easily be created in all forms
and sizes. A quite successful typology is a flexible building type, which fits to all
kinds of locations, 2-4 floors high, and with street orientation, The ground level
can partly be used as car parking, the front side as entrance in combination
with common facilities, a shop or café. Those building types could be built on
location or as prefab, both produced within the neighbourhood.
The concept is to share space, machines, tools and working places. People
don’t need all products for themselves; it’s cheaper and more sustainable
to share. Such place could work in combination with a shop for necessary
materials, for the production in the working places. People who need a
working place can have several benefits: rent the minimum necessary for
their job as just a table at a small price per day, share facilities and marketing
support to promote their products.
COLLECTIVE HOUSING
VALORIZATION OF LOCAL CULTURE
Collective housing initiatives can create new qualities for the neighbourhood
and the city, which are not possible with the ‘traditional’ individual house in
terms of density en open space. Initiatives of a whole block or a part of it,
can produce both higher density as well as new open space by freeing it.
This is good news for the neighbourhood as well as for the city. But it needs
other typologies for the building structure and organization as well as financial
models.
To give some examples: the typologies could range from low row houses with
high density (fro example, with another layer on top), to slabs or small towers.
Organization and financial models could be a small cooperative, or a group of
private parties, partly investing for their house, partly for profit.
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A successful example is the initiative to turn the Arcola Theatre in London,
United Kingdom, to an open house for new ideas. When the theatre was
opened in a former textile factory, its founders were determined to make a
place that was open for local initiatives. It is a space for local ideas and for
an enterprising approach, making sustainability tangible. The founders of the
initiative primarily used their own savings working together with hundreds
of volunteers. Every Tuesday they offered for instance ‘pay what you can ‘
tickets, as a way to make theatre more accessible to local residents. In a
second stage, they aimed at becoming the first carbon-neutral theatre in the
UK. Later on the Council helped to find a new home for the theatre on a larger
site with possibilities to grow.
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URBAN AGRICULTURE
Ellen de Kroon
Economist
Dutch
Urban agriculture is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing
food in a town or a part of it. It is an urban food production system, both in
the built-up areas and along ‘peri-urban’ zones or ‘fringes’ areas on public,
private and communal land. In regard to Grande Cruzeiro, especially the left
over spaces could perfectly be used as gardens/kitchen gardens and at the
same time change the image of a street or a small place.
Information and Communication Centre
MARKET
Once a month, the Avenida Tronco could be completely transformed into a
street market, closed for private car traffic. Public transport and bicycles lanes
should stay open. Such a market would attract plenty of people from other
areas of the city, and products produced in Grande Cruzeiro could also be
sold there.
Following the example of the workshop it is the desire to keep the conversation
active between the different parties about changes in the neighbourhood. This
is not only the desire, but also necessary because the next two years many
things are going to happen: the construction of Avenida Tronco, the relocation,
the redevelopments and the possible subsequent regularisation. This has major
consequences alongside the Avenida and for the adjacent vilas as well. The
municipality will have to communicate a lot of information, has to negotiate and
sometimes make decisions that are not popular, serving the public good, but
possibly disadvantaging one or some families. In direct contact, like during the
workshop, there is room for exchanging information, for discussion, out-of-the
box solutions and understanding of each other’s interests. Being on location and
in contact with the people and surroundings concerned will smooth the process,
speed up the work and will benefit the results. And to my believe this is always
the cheapest way of working.
Therefore I plea for the realisation of an Information and Communication
Centre. The aim of this centre is to facilitate the realisation of the developments
along Avenida, to exchange all necessary information for new initiatives for
developments and Economic Recovery and about the regularisation-project,
on the scale of local conversation. It will be the centre of information around all
these issues. It will be the natural meeting point for all sorts of meetings. And it
could be the working place for the municipally employees that are concerned
on the matter, for at least some days in the week. It should have regular opening
hours, so that everybody knows when he or she can go there, for example every
afternoon and an evening in the week.
It would be an interesting idea to make of this centre a place that also the
inhabitants adopt and can use for positive events, regarding the developments
along the Avenida. Ideally there is a group of inhabitants (representatives from
all the neighbourhoods) that would like to be present in the centre to give
other inhabitants information. These people should have good contact with
the employees from the municipality that work there and can more easily find
answers together with them. Another advantage is that the inhabitants speak the
language of the neighbourhoods. The municipality has to make sure that these
residents understand well the information and after that this information goes
“translated” to the rest of the community.
The aim of the centre is to prevent that the complexity of the projects along the
Avenida may turn difficult and let things go wrong. It is important that this centre
breathes the atmosphere of cooperation. Everybody should be open to this
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Make Friends
process of learning along the way to make it a success.
Economic strength and changes of Grande Cruzeiro
Create a group of influential “Friends of Avenida Tronco”’ for the period that
the Avenida and the first row are to be realised. Aim of the friends is to
give quality to the avenida and the adjacent vilas. This is one of the projects
that helps the inhabitants of Grande Cruzeiro to achieve their ambitions. The
support they undertake must be very practical, like raising money for bigger
trees or nice atmospheric streetlights along the road, art on several places,
and realizing one bigger project as for example a library as an icon in Grande
Cruzeiro along the Avenida Tronco.
In Grande Cruzeiro, a self-organising economy is already emerging, with
plenty of small businesses. We are looking for strategies, which can help to
strengthen this economy and create new opportunities for local inhabitants.
Not along the traditional way but with new insights about Solidary Economy,
Civic Economy and Social developers and ‘Friends of the Avenida’.
The economic strength of Cruzeiro is the small entrepreneurship, a pool of
highly motivated employees and the future market for the medium-sized
enterprises.
The construction of the Avenida can bring about an important change. The
neighbourhoods become more accessible and probably safer. This allows the
rest of Porto Alegre to get in contact with small business owners in Cruzeiro.
In addition, residents of Cruzeiro can easier and safer move in and out the
neighbourhood: for work, sport or education.
The friends would be local (big) entrepreneurs, famous people from Porto
Alegre (musicians? actors?), professor from PUCRS, community leaders;
people that are connected to different networks of people, people that can
get things done.
Practical tips:
A second change that economically can mean much is the regularisation. In
particular, the legal status that residents can get offers perspective on work,
education and access to the money market. This allows residents to invest in
themselves; in their development, in their company and in their home.
Not only Cruzeiro itself, but also Porto Alegre city has something to gain if the
Avenida is well laid out and the neighbourhoods get legalised.
- Make a list of the people of whom you think they would be suitable friends.
Make sure that the people you invite feel important and are (business wise
or status wise) interested to meet the other invitees). Then ask the most
important and likable one first. When he or she says yes, ask this person to
invite the others (or at least the first 6).
- It is very important to set a date when the project ends! That helps to get
commitment. The shorter the period the better.
Maybe there are some corporate companies in Porto Alegre that want to take
some responsibility for upgrading living quality in Grande Cruzeiro, especially
if they have something to gain. For example the company Diageo trains
people from Mexican poor neighbourhoods to become excellent barmen.
It creates a win-win situation: work and sales! Which companies in Porto
Alegre need better employees? Ask them to organise courses in the local
education centre. The same counts for companies that the municipality (or
large companies) pays to work or build in Porto Alegre. The municipality can
ask them to give training to the neighbourhoods of Grande Cruzeiro.
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Think of which persons, institutions, companies,
funds are likely to lend, donate, or invest in the
project. Order them by interest and costs.
With interest is meant the profit-purpose of the
money provider. The closest this purpose is to
the reason of the project, the most likely is the
money provider to engage in the project.
With cost is meant what the money provider
asks in return for his loan, donation or
investment.
How to Finance a Project
First of all, every project needs its own way of financing. There is not one way.
But there are some principles that generally work. This overview demonstrates
for one of the projects, the Avenida Expo, how it could be approached.
EXAMPLE: AVENIDA EXPO
OVERALl
Write the aim of the project down on paper. This
urges you to be clear, simple and effective. Only
after this you can ask others to work with you.
Each project must be able to be explained
within a few sentences. Mandatory subjects are:
reason (why), the plan (what), strategy (how),
tasks, responsibilities, timeline and desired
result.
Why: Grande Cruzeiro should be part of the formal
city of Porto Alegre
What: the neighbourhoods have to be accessible
and visible
How: showing we exist by exposing X large selfmade photo-art prints along the further Avenida
Tronco
Who:
- residents and students make the constructions
and the photo-art
- municipality takes care of the locations and the
permission
- Company Y donates construction material
- Company Z donates a small financial contribution
for the photo-prints
Decide on the precise question to the money
provider before starting the first contact. Know
how much money you need and what you
are willing to give as counterpart for it. And
know what the project can offer to the money
provider: why would he be interested.
Ideally the money provider wants to be part of
the project (because of inspiration, financial
gain of social status)
Always have personal contact with the money
provider about the reason, purpose and plan of
the project first before you ask for money!
Desired result: Avenida expo along and during
the building of the avenida. People from Grande
Cruzeiro see the opportunity of the road. People of
de rest of Porto Alegre start to change their image
of the vilas and people of Grande Cruzeiro.
Make the financial picture of the project:
- Which parts of the project cost money
- Estimate as good as you can how much
money each part costs (it doesn’t have to be
exact in the early stage)
- Don’t forget that people and advise also cost
money
- If people’s work/contribution or materials are
for free, write this also down in the financial
picture
Time and work of students and residents might
be free, but this will cost some transport costs,
some beers and a churrasco.
The material to build the construction (R$ xx)
The photo prints (R$ yy)
The hiring of machines to built the
constructions?
A fee to the municipality for putting‚
advertisements in the public space? Are there
such kind of obligations?
The end user of the project is the most
appropriate person to pay for the project. In
many cases the end user doesn’t have enough
money, so then this person will be the one to
search for funding. The end user is the person
who acts and makes agreements with the
lender.
End users are the residents. FAUPUCRS and
the Municipality will assist the end users in order
to realise the project.
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The students donate time and design
knowledge
Who donates the construction material (R$ xx)
in return for its name on the photo’s (and in the
future better employees)
The government facilitates permission in return
for cooperation with the construction of the
road and in return for a nice exposition
Who is donating (R$ yy) for the photo prints
in return for using the photo’s for their annual
report how the company socially involves with
its costumers?
Talking about money is a topic for the second
meeting.
Make at least one or two sketches of possible
photo-art expo-constructions and think of
locations where they could be realised as
example to show for discussion.
Possibly organise a meeting (for example
a breakfast) on these locations with the
connections of the workshop (Reason of the
meeting is to test if the project-plan and outline
is what it should be? Fitting to everybody’s
purposes? Do the guest have any ads? Get
commitment
Never make agreements that do not imply an
end (time), that involve other people or activities
that you can not decide on and that work as a
negative catalyst (start multiplying if something
is slow or goes wrong).
Potential risks are: the construction can cause
damages to the constructors or materials. The
construction can get stolen or broken down;
would the project then stop or is there money
to rebuilt? Maintenance of the constructions?
In short: always know your possible way out!
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Paulo Horn Regal
Renee Nycolaas
Director of the Faculty
of Archtecture and Urbanism
PUCRS
Brazilian
Urban Planner
FAU-PUCRS
Dutch
the construction will lead to images and a model, which will be used to show
to possible sponsors. The aim is that setting up the exposition should take
place before the 26th of March, the opening of the exposition on the day of
the birthday of Porto Alegre.
ACtors
The involved actors are:
FAUPUCRS
- taking the lead in the implementation of the project
- investigation of possible locations for the installations
- design of the scaffold construction
- coordination of the production of photos, in collaboration with the
Faculty of Social Communication and the residents
- responsible for construction of the project, details depend on the
sponsorship and design
- acquisition of sponsorship, in collaboration with the municipality
Avenida Expo, Implementation
ProjeCt PLAN
The Avenida Expo, is a temporary photo exposition along the future Avenida
Tronco. The project will consist of photos on scaffold constructions, placed
at both sides of the avenida, approximately every 500 meters. The pictures
will show life behind the avenida; the streets, the buildings, the activities, daily
and public life of the vilas.
GOAL
The exposition aims to give visibility to the communities situated along the
Avenida Tronco.The avenida will become a thoroughfare for a high number of
residents of Porto Alegre, incidental passengers as well as daily commuters,
whose attention will be drawn by the big photos they pass.
The Municipality
- overall support of the project in order to facilitate the implementation
of the project
- contributing with its knowledge about the legal possibilities and
restraints of the construction in the public space
- facilitating the legal process of building in the public space
- acquisition of sponsorship, in collaboration with FAUPUCRS
The intension is to change the way outsiders look at the vilas of the Grande
Cruzeiro region. The neighbourhoods should be considered as part of the
entire city instead of seen as an isolated area. The images in the exposition
should counterbalance the negative news in the media about the area, but
also make people simply aware of the life behind the thoroughfare.
Residents
- taking and selecting the photos that are to be exposed
- assisting in the construction of the photo installations
The aim is to bring passengers in closer contact with the residents, directly
and indirectly. They might recognise more that the avenida that serves the
entire city has huge impact on the lives of the local residents of the vilas.
Also is the objective to make people aware that the existing areas can be
interesting for the passengers, for example to buy food, goods and services
or maybe for recreational purposes (for example visiting the Santa Tereza hill
or the samba school).
Also important is to make the avenida, which image today is determined by
construction works, some empty plots and ruins, a more attractive space.
FAMECOS, the Faculty of Social Communication
- assisting in the production of the photos by conducting the
photography workshop with the residents of the area
SPcitI
Private companies
- sponsoring, driven by marketing and social interests
HOW
In order to implement the exposition project, adequate and visible places
for the installations that will carry the photos should be identified. On the
base of the decision of where to place the photos, the installations should
be designed. A simple and cheap structure should be thought of, if possible
utilising used material. The photos should be made by or in close collaboration
with the residents during a specific workshop on photography production that
will take place in the vila. Especially the printing of the photo material and the
construction of the installations carrying the photos will involve costs. In first
instance, commercial institutions that are willing to contribute to the exposition
are to be searched for. Another specific workshop will be organised to design
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- accompanying and consultancy during the process
projeCt Elements
Decision of the location of the Expo installations:
The installations should be located on an approximately regular distance
between one another, and as much as possible close to the photographed
locations.
It can be convenient to use the empty plots along the avenida. However,
for the visibility of the photos it is most important that the places are well
lightened. It should be explored if the installations can be placed close to
street-lightening posts. The students, Paulo Regal and Renee Nycolaas of
FAUPUCRS have investigated the possible spots. The municipality will be
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TIMELINE
involved in order to orientate on what are favourable and allowed locations.
December 2013
Workshop design of the installations
At FAUPUCRS, a workshop with the students will take place in order to
design the scaffold constructions that will carry the photos. The material,
construction, size of the photos, spots of the constructions and lighting will
be studied and decided upon, followed by production of visual material in
order to ‘sell’ the project. Using second-hand material and/or bamboo will
be considered. The workshop will be led by one of the design professors of
FAUPUCRS, as well as accompanied by an expert on building with bamboo.
Visit for orientation locations of the expo installations
Decision about the location of the Expo Installations
PUCRS Installation desegni Workshop
Sponsorship acquisition
Acquisition sponsorship
The exposition will need sponsorship, principally for the construction and
photo materials, as well as for the work to build the design. There are good
arguments for private companies to sponsor the exposition. The exposition
offers great visibility to the sponsors; will have a broad reach amongst
residents of the entire city; has a clear social value and relatively low costs
with heavy counterpart contributions of the students and teachers of PUCRS
and of the municipality. The design results of the workshops will be used
to show the idea of the exposition. PUCRS does have some contacts with
possibly interested companies already. Also the municipality is willing to help
finding sponsors.
January 2014
Sponsorship acquisition
February 2014
Photo-Shooting Workshop
Photos Selection
Março 2014
Building the Exhibition
finanCE
will be a relatively low-cost project. It will involve a lot of (voluntary) work
of PUCRS employees, PUCRS students, officials of the municipality and the
involved residents of the Grande Cruzeiro area. The direct costs that are to be
covered are mainly for the material of the exposition itself and the construction
work of the exposition.
An estimation of these costs is hard to give, as it depends on the design for
the construction, the sources of the material and the printing costs of the
photographs.
Workshop photographs
The aim is to organise a workshop together with professional photographers
of FAMECOS, within the Grande Cruzeiro region. In that way not only photos
for the exposition will be taken, but also will the participants learn about
photographing. As much as possible, the local participants of the workshop
will take the pictures for the exposition, under good teacher’s guide. However,
as the pictures will have to be of very good quality, it will maybe be necessary,
that (some of) the pictures will be taken by the professional photographers.
The visuals to be photographed can be anything the residents would like to
show. It can be street life, recreational (sportive or artistic) activities, aesthetic
places etc. It would be interesting to discuss the desires of the inhabitants
during the photography workshop on what kind of images they would like to
bring to the outside world.
A rough estimation led to the following budget:
Divulgation
It would be interesting to use media, like the newspaper, to promote the
project, by publishing nice visual material with a description of the project and
its context. Also can we think of using the photo material after the finishing of
the Avenida (and with that the finishing of the expo) in a more constant place,
for example on a well visible fence.
Project Plan
R$
0,00 (FAUPUCRS)
Workshop organization
R$
0,00 (FAUPUCRS)
Production of visual material and model
R$
0,00 (FAUPUCRS)
Material for the installations workshop
R$
0,00 (FAUPUCRS)
Material for the photo-shooting workshop
R$
500,00
Logisitcs
R$
300,00
Installations (850,00 each, lighting included)
R$ 17.000,00
Photo development (45 Photo prints-R$ 150,00 each)
R$ 6.750,00
Building up of the exhibition (labour R$ 500,00 each)
R$ 10.000,00
Building up of the exhibition, machines and equipemnt hiring
R$ 3.000,00
Maintainance
R$ 5.000,00
Total
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Workshop Impression
the moment was marked by different stages of understanding and resolutions
from different sides, and at the same time was very rich. Local residents’
feelings were a combination between a constant desire to see changes in
their communities and doubt related to the real intentions and results from
everybody involved; technicians constantly needed to use their political
and technical knowledge about issues presented; Professors and students
wished to see all ideologies and academic urban creations into practice.
The whole process was worth it all due to the enormous catalysis and creation
of social capital, and indispensable interaction in a project of such an impact.
The created projects reflected the most diverse interests of everybody
involved, in both quality and conception. The joint creation of the workshop
brought a different hope, a sense of willingness and responsibility with which
we began.
Ideas. People. Projects. Urban life is isolated in many aspects, which often
hide the importance of our interactions in the city, or sometimes our noninteractions. Due the proximity of the World Cup, Porto Alegre faces challenges
and impositions and dubious expectations. It houses communities and social
groups within the dust of the buildings under constructions, which are all part
of the composition and articulation of the city.
While city’s projects spent years stuck in paperwork processes and drawers,
leading actors of such communities are acting, enlarging and appropriating
places, seeding histories and harvesting fights. All this brings us to a point of
impact and a “moment of changes”. This moment has arrived for the “Grande
Cruzeiro” region in Porto Alegre. Finally, the construction of Avenida Tronco
has started, an urban scar in the city, which connects spaces, but separates
and occupies others. The work’s importance is technical and proved in a
certain way. However, the consequences are human and social and deeply
unpredictable.
Houses, small businesses, streets, connections and more important, social
history and capital have abruptly been changed and shaken up. Its genesis
in the appropriation ends in continuity of uncertainty; many negotiations have
been done, many decisions were taken. Still, the impact is already there,
in some ways good, in others bad, but all leads to the same conclusion:
solutions have to be thought of, projects must be designed.
Through the Spontaneous City project, a big trans-disciplinary network has
been created to solve, or at least to study all the social and urban issues
involved. Such a group was formed by local residents, officials of the
municipality, university professors, graduation students, the creators of the
Spontaneous City Project, and in addition, lecturers and guests.
Like every interaction between different actors of the same social process,
Concluding the brief sensorial report, as one of the architecture’s students,
I hope it really represents an engagement of thoughts of all academic staff
involved. I feel part of a group which express changing in each risk, each
speech, and interaction.
We made friends, partners and accumulated a mixture of knowledge and
willingness to see different cities in the future. I conclude by saying that, if at
the beginning of the workshop we were hungry for projects and changes in
our urban paradigms, after knowing them better, we now start learning the
roads that will take us to the best solutions and plans that we can offer to all
involved communities.
We hope that each of the projects turns as a catalyst for a bigger project to
build the city that we want. Today, I can affirm we wish more than yesterday
and less than tomorrow. We are the Tronco Avenue!
Guilhermo Gil
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TASKS, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Inhabitants
In the final session of the Workshop, on 11 October 2013, the
participants of the Workshop agreed on the results as summarised
in the Roadmap for the Development Strategy ‘NOS SOMOS
A AVENIDA TRONCO’ as the base for upcoming activities and
projects.
The participants expressed their will to continue on the strategy
set out with the roadmap and to look for suitable next steps for
implementation and realisation.
Depending on the project the initiative can come from different
sources, but in most of the cases a high degree of collaboration
is required to be more effective. In this concern every group (the
inhabitants, PUCRS, SPcitI, the Municipality) should keep its own
independence and declare its position upon the division of tasks,
roles and responsibilities.
To reach the necessary detailed agreements between these groups
is a long process. The agreements must from the beginning be
set within a frame that prevents excessive dependence from
one another and raises no false expectations. This entails being
specific about which projects will require which collaborations, and
what are the possible undertakings for each stakeholder.
The basic idea of this chapter is to outline an over all arrangement
that pre-defines tasks, roles and responsibilities for all participating
stakeholders as kick-off for the future working process.
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A group of community leaders from different neighbourhoods in Grande
Cruzeiro actively supported and helped in the preparation of the workshop.
They took part of preliminary meetings with PUCRS, helped the students in a
first survey, and offered the location in Amavtron. The community leaders have
urge to improve the living conditions in Grande Cruzeiro and see the potential
of the Avenida Tronco as beneficial for the whole area. They are ready to take
initiative for various projects and actively and openly collaborate with other
stakeholders.
The community leaders of Grande Cruzeiro agree to:
1 Keep on working collectively and in a more coordinated way, among
themselves and with the Municipality and other possible partners, such
as FAUPUCRS. There needs to be a framework within which the different
neighbourhoods can communicate their knowledge, decide collectively and
have a clear position towards the outside.
2 Give a possibility to other neighbourhoods from the Grande Cruzeiro region
to get involved if they decide to join at a later stage.
3 Keep on bringing in local own experiences, skills, time and work as
fundamental qualities in the process of renewal, especially for the living
quality improvements and for self-sustainable economy.
4 Delegate some specific issues and power, and appoint leaders for specific
tasks. This will help to strengthen own interests. In some cases it will be
necessary to hire professionals.
5 Look for strategic partners or alliances matching with the different projects.
That means to look for other external stakeholders who might be interested
in financial and/or technical participation for projects along the Avenida
Tronco as well as within the neighbourhoods.
6 Engage with PUCRS for the specific projects concerning the Learning
Centre, the Avenida Expo, and the Regularisation Pilot Project.
7 Ask for and support the necessary work for the detailed survey related to
the two basic conditions and the formulated first projects of the Development
Strategy.
8 Refer to the “Information and Communication Centre” as the information,
communication and discussion place for anything that concerns the
important developments at and around the Avenida Tronco.
9 Keep enhancing the value of the local culture and define frames and events for it.
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TASKS, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
FAUPUCRS
SPCITI
The Faculty for Architecture and Urbanism of PUCRS university of Porto Alegre
has been co-initiative taker of the Avenida Tronco Workshop. Paulo Regal and
Renee Nycolaas have invested plenty of time and energy in preparing the
organisational aspects of the Workshop. Since April 2013, they participated
in neighbourhood meetings and meetings with different departments of
the municipality. Also 10 students were selected for the preparation as well
as the participation of the Workshop. Paulo Regal as head of the Faculty
of Architecture and Urbanism at PUCRS expressed with the presentation
of the Roadmap for the Developing Strategy his ambition to continue this
engagement of the PUCRS University also in future for three chosen projects.
SPcitI is together with PUCRS the initiative taker of the workshop and set the
aim to strengthen the relationship between citizens and their city.
The result of this 1st workshop and the reactions of the participants are a great
achievement that deserves continuation in consistency and perseverance
to accomplish the ambitions formulated in the Development strategy of 11
October 2013.
FAU-PUCRS agrees to:
1 Keep collaborating with the local communities of Grande Cruzeiro and the
municipality concerning some of the activities and projects of the Roadmap
for the Development Strategy of 11 October 2013. Specifically the
collaboration will focus on:
The Learning Centre
- (Co-)provide a programme on lessons and activities to enhance practical
education in the Grande Cruzeiro region
- Help the communities to look for other partners that can finance the project
SPCitI expresses the following:
1 The will to continue the co-operation with the Communities, the Municipality
and PUCRS.
2 The availability to organise and lead together with PUCRS a second
workshop to spur and to structure practical start up of the first projects.
3 The availability for expert professional collaboration on specific urban design
projects or planning.
4 The intention to help finding funds for a possible next workshop.
5 The intention to look for potential investors in the area (already on-going).
The Avenida Expo
- Organise a small a workshop for the structure project with the students
- Assist in the organisation of the photo competition or workshop to produce
photos of the daily life within Grande Cruzeiro
- Collaborate in the realisation of the structures
- Help to look for other partners that can finance the project
A pilot project to test the regularisation process
- Decide together with the community leaders and DEMHAB which area
could be the pilot case study for a urban/housing project simultaneously
with the process of juridical regularisation
- Realise a profound mapping, together with the Municipality
- Make an urban design plan for the selected area, together with the
Municipality
2 Help organising new workshops with SPcitI to give continuity to this working
process, in case the municipality wishes this.
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TASKS, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
PREFEITURA DE PORTO ALEGRE
The Municipality of Porto Alegre has strongly promoted the workshop since the
very beginning and has actively participated in the workshop with 10 officials
from different departments. This demonstrates the trust, the high expectations
and the will to improve co-operation at local level.
The Municipality is accepting the working model for the Avenida Tronco
and wishes to declare the will to co-operate and co-produce with the
neighbourhoods of Grande Cruzeiro.
The Municipality agrees to:
1 Allow continuity of the participants of the Municipality to keep on working
in the area (with the appointment of a specific working group and possible
team additions) to collaborate in the implementation and realisation of the
Roadmap of 11 October 2013 together with the inhabitants and PUCRS.
2 Start up organising the “Information and Communication Centre”: the
location, the building, its team and the organisation.
3 Make a detailed survey and information bundle of both the Avenida Tronco
surroundings and inside the neighbourhoods with the help of the community,
PUCRS and possible external experts.
4 Support, ease and get moving the regularisation plan now in development
in the DEMHAB’s areas and welcome other requests when initiated by the
inhabitants for other areas.
5 Support the Avenida Expo and help finding possible sponsors.
6 Help finding strategic partners or alliances matching with the different
projects. That means to look for other external stakeholders who might be
interested in financial and/or technical participation for projects along the
Avenida Tronco as well as within the neighbourhoods.
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TEAM
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Gert Urhahn
Bernardina Borra
Paulo Horn Regal
Renee Nycolaas
Workshop
Workshop
Workshop
Workshop
leader
leader
leader
leader
Ellen de Kroon
Renato D’agnino
Gleny T. Guimarães
Jacqueline Menegassi
Eduardo Speggiorin
International financial guest lecturer and consultant
Brazilian financial guest lecturer
Brazilian economic sustainability guest lecturer
Brazilian regularisation guest lecturer and consultant
Brazilian professional expert guest lecturer
Márcio Rosa D’ Avila
Ana Cé
Brazilian environmental sustainability consultant
Brasilian local professional
This workshop was possible thanks to:
thespontaneouscityinternational.org
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para informação
Ger t U r ha hn
[email protected]
Bernardina Borra
[email protected]
R en ee N y c ola a s
[email protected]