Manifest Destiny need to know –
how we got each piece and how we
populated some areas so quickly
Groups on the move during Manifest Destiny
Push factors from Ireland
Age of Reform 4/4/14

TIME PERIOD: early1800’S
 an
attempt to improve or
 REFORM
 what was unjust or imperfect in society
SOCIAL REFORM
 CAUSES
(WHY NOW??):
SOME OF THESE ISSUES HAD BEEN
AROUND SINCE THE COLONIAL DAYS!!!
2ND GREAT AWAKENING

In addition to a
religious movement,
other reform
movements such as
temperance,
abolition, and
women's rights also
grew in antebellum
America.
1. The Second Great
Awakening
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the
Ideal of Equality
Temperance
Education
Abolitionism
Asylum &
Prison Reform
Women’s
Rights
An overview of the REFORM
MOVEMENTS

Temperance movement
Encouraged people to
abstain from consuming
alcoholic drinks in order
to preserve family order.
Temperance
Cartoon titled “Woman’s Holy
War”
Temperance

Temperance activists used
fear tactics to fight alcohol’s
hold.

Associating the devil and
other demon figures with
alcohol was one way to scare
people away from liquor
(which came to be known as
"demon rum,“)
Philadelphia Female Total
Abstinence Society Pledge

Believing that the use of all intoxicating liquors both
as a beverage, and when mingled with food is
injurious to the body and the mind, and that the great
prevalence of Intemperance in our Country calls
upon mothers and daughters to renounce the use of
whatever maintains the evil, the Members of this
Society do agree entirely to abstain from all
intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and also
not to use them unnecessarily in domestic
cookery, or traffic in them, and that in all suitable
ways they will discountenance their use in the
community.
EDUCATION

The Common School
Movement - ensuring
that every child could
receive a basic education
funded by local taxes
EDUCATION – universal
education for all citizens??


EDUCATION is an EQUALIZER…
Who should educate? “God seems to have made
woman peculiarly suited to guide and develop the
infant mind, and it seems… very poor policy to
pay a man 20 or 22 dollars a month, for teaching
children the ABCs when a female could do the
work more successfully at one third of the price.”
Littleton School Committee 1849
TAKES A WHILE TO GET TO THIS –
1954 Brown vs Board of Education
EDUCATION – an equalizer!
 "A teacher affects eternity;
he can never tell where
his influences stops.“
 Henry Adams
Teaching and how women got involved
Catherine Beecher and her family
(including sister Harriet)

The country's rapid growth led to a greater
need for teachers.

Men were leaving teaching and pursuing work
in the developing fields of business and
industry.

Catherine Beecher recognized the untapped
potential in the growing population of educated
women and advocated for the wider education of
females to fill this increasing need for teachers.
Prison Conditions

In 1821, a disaster
occurred in Auburn
Prison that shocked
even the governor into
pardoning hardened
criminals. After being
locked down in
solitary, many of the
eighty men committed
suicide or had mental
breakdowns.
Treatment of mentally ill
“…The great evil of our present insane Asylum System lies
in the fact that insanity is there treated as a crime, instead of
a misfortune, which is a gross act of injustice”
 - Elizabeth Parsons Ware Packard

The Push for Equality:
Women Suffrage
Abolition turned into suffrage
The women's rights
movement grew from
female abolitionists who
realized that they too could
fight for their own political
rights.
Abigail Adams had tried…


A letter to John in 1776I long to hear you have
independence. And… in
the new code of laws… I
desire you would
remember the ladies, and
be more generous and
favorable to them than
your ancestors. Do not
put such unlimited power
into the hands of
husbands
Why women felt they needed to take matters
into their own hands
Peaceful protest???
Who got suffrage first??


“They have no idea of how
every single inch of ground that
she stands upon today has been
gained by the hard work of
some little handful of women of
the past."
Susan B. Anthony
ABOLITION
 The abolition
movement fought to
abolish slavery in the
United States.
Abolition

handbill urging opponents of
abolitionists to obstruct an anti-slavery
meeting

In 1835, a mob broke into the hall
where the Boston Female Anti-Slavery
Society was meeting, and threatened
William Lloyd Garrison's life.
Persons… not property
Certain individuals dedicated their lives to
these areas of REFORM
assignment
 We
are having a “reformer of the year”
contest
 You are creating trading cards for the
finalists
Today’s assignment


The left side should be a campaign slogan for
the reformer of the year contest.
The slogan should be “catchy” (see example
for Elizabeth Cady Stanton)
• MUST include the person’s name and area(s) of
reform in the slogan.

The right side should be a summary of
the person’s greatest accomplishments
that make them worthy of “Reformer of
the Year”. You can use this information
in the class sets to create your slogan.
Slogan must be CATCHY and include the person’s
NAME and area of reform. Use creative thoughts and
cool letters!
Name: Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
Elizabeth Cady
Is the
LADY for
Women’s Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Accomplishments:
After she wasn’t allowed to speak
at World Antislavery Conv. in
London, she organized a women’s
rights convention in Seneca Falls
New York in 1848. She gave a
speech at the convention called the
Declaration of Sentiments which
was modeled after the Declaration
of Independence. She demanded
equality for women at work, school
and home by proclaiming “All men
and women are created equal”. She
was co-founder of the National
Woman Suffrage Association.
.