Annual Report for the year 2013:
SOLAS Task Team: HitT
compiled by:_Roland von Glasow_
Notes:
Reporting Period is January 2013 – December 2013
Information will be used for: reporting, fundraising, networking, strategic development & outreach
1. Scientific highlights
Describe 1 or 2 scientific highlights with a title, a text (max. 200 words), a figure with legend and full
references for each highlight. Please focus on results that would not have happened without
SOLAS.
[text and figures are copied from the papers, I have NOT contacted the authors]
Carpenter et al., Atmospheric iodine levels influenced by sea surface emissions of inorganic iodine,
Nature Geosciences,
We show that the reaction of iodide with ozone leads to the formation of both molecular iodine and
hypoiodous acid. Using a kinetic box model of the sea surface layer and a one-dimensional model
of the marine boundary layer, we show that the reaction of ozone with iodide on the sea surface
could account for around 75% of observed iodine oxide levels over the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
According to the sea surface model, hypoiodous acid—not previously considered as an oceanic
source of iodine—is emitted at a rate ten-fold higher than that of molecular iodine under ambient
conditions
Pratt et al., Photochemical production of molecular bromine in Arctic surface snowpacks, Nature
Geosciences
We examine the potential for molecular bromine production in various samples of saline snow and
sea ice, in the presence and absence of sunlight and ozone, in an outdoor snow chamber in
Alaska. Molecular bromine was detected only on exposure of surface snow (collected above tundra
and first-year sea ice) to sunlight. This suggests that the oxidation of bromide is facilitated by a
photochemical mechanism, which was most efficient for more acidic samples characterized by
enhanced bromide to chloride ratios. Molecular bromine concentrations increased significantly
when the snow was exposed to ozone, consistent with an interstitial air amplification mechanism.
Aircraft-based observations confirm that bromine oxide levels were enhanced near the snow
surface. We suggest that the photochemical production of molecular bromine in surface snow
serves as a major source of reactive bromine, which leads to the episodic depletion of tropospheric
ozone in the Arctic springtime.
2. International interactions and collaborations (including contributions to international
assessments such as the IPCC, links with observation communities, links with policy
makers or socio-economics circles, etc.)
3. Activities/main accomplishments (research projects, cruises, special events, workshops,
remote sensing used, model and data intercomparisons etc)
EGU session 2013
4. Human dimensions (outreach, capacity building, public engagement etc)
5. Top 10 publications in 2013 (Reports, ACCEPTED articles, models, datasets, products,
website etc)
For journal articles please follow the proposed format:
Author list (surname and initials (one space but no full stops between initials), year of publication,
article title, full title of publication (italics), volume, page numbers, DOI (DOI optional).
Buys et al., Br2, BrCl, BrO and surface ozone in coastal Antarctica, Atmos Chem Phys, 2013, 13,
1329 -- 1343
Carpenter, et al. Atmospheric iodine levels influenced by sea surface emissions of inorganic iodine,
Nature Geosciences, 2013, 6, 108 -- 111
Dix et al, Detection of iodine monoxide in the tropical free troposphere, Proc Nat Acad Science,
2013, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212386110 },
Hormann et al., Systematic investigation of bromine monoxide in volcanic plumes from space by
using the GOME-2 instrument, Atmos Chem Phys, 2013, 13, 4749 -- 4781
Pratt et al., Photochemical production of molecular bromine in Arctic surface snowpacks, Nature
Geosciences, 2013, 6, 351 -- 356
Gomez Martin et al, Iodine chemistry in the eastern Pacific marine boundary layer, J. Geophys.
Res, 2013, 118, 887 -- 904
Toyota et al, Air-snowpack exchange of bromine, ozone and mercury in the springtime Arctic
simulated by the 1-D model PHANTAS - Part 1: In-snow bromine activation and its impact on
ozone, Atmos Chem Phys Disc, 2013, 13, 20341 -- 20418
Lawler et al, Observations of I2 at a remote marine site, Atmos Chem Phys Disc, 2013, 13, 25911 - 25937
Wren et al, Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow, Atmos Chem
Phys, 2013, 13, 9789 -- 9800
Mielke et al., Heterogeneous formation of nitryl chloride and its role as a nocturnal NOx reservoir
species during CalNex-LA 2010, , J. Geophys. Res, 2013, 118, 10638 -- 10652
6. Goals, priorities and plans for future activities/events
• Establish link with water purification community working on aqueous halogen processes
• Continue momentum from HitT-Cl workshop
7. Other comments
Web page: www.HitT-task.net