Modern Language Association
(MLA) Citation Guide
Introduction
This handout contains information on how to cite resources in the MLA style. All information in
this handout is taken from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition (which
is found on our Upper Level at call number 808.02 G437 2009). This guide covers a lot of
ground, but it doesn’t cover everything – if you’re having trouble citing a resource, please
contact Mike Westbrook ([email protected]) or Luke Beatty ([email protected]) for
some help. [This guide is also not complete as at November 7th, 2014, so you’ll have to work
with what’s here for now!]
You might also consider Diana Hacker’s A Pocket Style Manual (which is found on our Upper
Level at call number 808.042 H118) for additional assistance with your writing.
Meta-Notes:
Places to Cite:
Places to Cite: When citing in MLA, you must cite your work in a Works
Cited list and also in your text.
Your Works Cited list appears at the end of your paper, and is titled
“Works Cited”. This list is organized alphabetically by author last name,
and contains full citations of the work you have used in your paper. See
the Works Cited section of the guide for samples.
Your in-text citation is an abbreviated reference found in your paper’s
text. You will see sample in-text citations throughout this guide.
In-Text Citations:
While there is only one way to cite a work in your Works Cited list, there
are two ways you can cite in-text. The two in-text citation methods are the
name-in-sentence method and the parenthesis method. Your choice of one
over the other will boil down to a stylistic preference (we use the
parenthesis format in this guide). Here are examples of each:
Parenthesis method: After the event, the crowd dispersed (Johnson 21).
Name-in-sentence method: After the event, Johnson noted the crowd
dispersed (21).
Multiple Authors:
Citing multiple authors is a pain, but thankfully, it works the same way
across all types of resources in MLA. We’ve covered the rules for citing
multiple authors under the Books section of this guide, so look there if you
need some guidance.
Spacing:
MLA recommends using one space after all concluding punctuation
marks (periods, question marks, exclamation points, etc.). MLA uses one
space when separating initials in a person’s name (ex. A. A. Milne).
Print Equivalents:
Oftentimes you’ll find material online which obviously has a print clone
(i.e. the material online is exactly the same as a print version somewhere).
In these cases, I would suggest you cite the material as if it were print.
Many online journals, e-books, government reports, etc. have print clones.
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 1
Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Meta-Notes:..................................................................................................................................... 1
Examples ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Blog ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Book (with 1 author or 1 editor) ................................................................................................. 3
Book (with 2 authors or 2 editors) .............................................................................................. 3
Book (with 3 authors or 3 editors) .............................................................................................. 3
Book (with 4 or more authors or 4 or more editors) ................................................................... 4
Book (translated) ......................................................................................................................... 4
Book (reprint) .............................................................................................................................. 4
Book Chapter (in an edited book) ............................................................................................... 4
Book Review ............................................................................................................................... 4
Brochure / Flyer .......................................................................................................................... 5
Classical Work (i.e. a religious text) ........................................................................................... 5
Dataset / Statistic ......................................................................................................................... 5
Dataset / Statistic (online) ........................................................................................................... 5
Dictionary Entry .......................................................................................................................... 6
Dictionary Entry (online) ............................................................................................................ 6
E-Book ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Encyclopedia Entry / Handbook Entry........................................................................................ 6
Essay (in a collection or anthology) ............................................................................................ 7
Film / Motion Picture .................................................................................................................. 7
Government Publication .............................................................................................................. 7
Image / Photo / Artwork (online) ................................................................................................ 7
Image / Photo / Artwork (online, without author) ....................................................................... 7
Journal Article (print and/or digital clone of print) ..................................................................... 8
Journal Article (from a database or online) ................................................................................. 8
Magazine Article ......................................................................................................................... 8
Magazine Article (online) ........................................................................................................... 8
Website (with personal and/or institutional author) .................................................................... 9
Website (without an identifiable author) / Wiki / Discussion Board .......................................... 9
Works Cited .................................................................................................................................. 10
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Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 2
Examples
Blog
Format:
Example:
In-Text:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Title of Blog Post”.
Web blog post. Blog Title. Website Publisher, day month year of blog post. Web.
Date accessed.
Wayne, Arlan P. “Safety Tips, Don’t Break a Leg”. Web blog post. Theatre and
Scene Shop Safety. Dramatis Online, 23 Feb. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
The market for theatre safety materials was burgeoning, and had even extended into
the blogosphere (Wayne).
Note 1: MLA does not require a URL, but if you want, you can include it at the end of your citation.
Book (with 1 author or 1 editor)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present) / Editor’s Last Name,
First Name Middle Initial (if present), ed. Title of Book. Location: Publisher,
publication year. Print.
Example Reda, Gregg. Bike Polo: Hipster Folly or True Sport? Portland, OR: Armisenis
1:
Press, 2008. Print.
Example Blatche, Menaga N., ed. The Ignominious Death of Bike Polo. Washington, OR:
2:
Rowlff Publishing Co, Ltd, 2014. Print.
In-Text:
In a few short years, bike polo had become a popular activity with the flannel-andskinny-jeans set (Reda 89). Predictably, however, the fad was short-lived, and the
hipster zeitgeist soon moved on (Blatche 12-21).
Note 1: The “ed.” refers to an editor, and is only included when you are citing for an editor.
Book (with 2 authors or 2 editors)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present), and Author’s First Name
Middle Initial (if present) Last Name / Editor’s Last Name, First Name Middle
Initial (if present), and Editor’s First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last Name,
eds. Title of Book. Location: Publisher, publication year. Print.
Example Stewart, Alistair I., and Lawrence L. Juber. Roads to Moscow. Edinburgh, Scotland:
1:
Davis Publications, 2008. Print.
Example Roth, Urich J., and Klassius Meine, eds. Hitler After Roehm. Heidelberg, Germany:
1:
In Trance Press, 1966. Print.
In-Text:
With Ernst Roehm’s murder, Himmler had eliminated a dangerous rival and also
cleared any lingering Storm Battalion influence from the Nazi power structure
(Stewart & Juber 20-30). Following Roehm’s murder, Hitler was free to further
insinuate himself into the German state apparatus (Roth & Meine 100-125).
Note 1: The “eds.” refers to editors, and is only included when you are citing for editors.
Note 2: Only the first author/editor follows the “Last Name First Name” naming convention.
Book (with 3 authors or 3 editors)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present), Author’s First Name
Middle Initial (if present) Last Name, and Author’s First Name Middle Initial (if
present) Last Name / Editor’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present),
Editor’s First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last Name, and Editor’s First Name
Middle Initial (if present) Last Name, eds. Title of Book. Location: Publisher,
publication year. Print.
Example Hayman, Ricard R., Jessica J. Loyer, & Rebekkah V. Cleaver. What Does
1:
‘Information Literacy’ Mean for Students? Springfield, IL: CLA Group
Publications, 2012. Print.
Example Monteith, Jane M., Patricia L. Herscovitch, & Marion M. Millard, eds. Mid-career
2:
Librarians and Tenure Preparations. Calgary, Canada: Scholars Press, 2000. Print.
In-Text:
The tenure question has always been a bugaboo of academic librarianship, especially
when considering the specter of non-credit instruction which librarians perform in
bulk (Monteith, Herscovitch, & Millard 107). Contributions to teaching ‘information
literacy’ -- as variously and widely defined as that term is -- also play an important
role in librarian tenure considerations (Hayman, Loyer, & Cleaver 23).
Note 1: The “eds.” refers to editors, and is only included when you are citing for editors.
Note 2: Only the first author/editor follows the “Last Name First Name” naming convention.
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
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Book (with 4 or more authors or 4 or more editors)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present), et al. / Editor’s Author’s
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present), et al., eds. Book Title. Location:
Publisher, publication year. Print.
Example Stancowicz, Buddy L., et al. Silly Stories From the Help Desk. Denver, CO:
1:
Avalanche Publishers, Inc., 2003. Print.
Example Smith, Samuel S., et al., eds. Stupid Stories From the Set. Hollywood, CA: Fat Man
2:
in a Bathtub Press, 2006. Print.
In-Text:
The work is brimming with tales of impossible stupidity, ranging from a user who
confuses his toaster with a fax machine, to a man who plugs his amplifier into a
disused toilet bowl (Stancowicz et al. 20-40). Likewise, Stupid Stories from the Set
paints a dispiriting picture of everyday idiocy, with a particular highlight being a PA
who confuses his boss’ coffee with paint filler (Smith et al. 87-210).
Note 1: The “eds.” refers to editors, and is only included when you are citing for editors.
Note 2: Include only the first author/editor, followed by “et al.” (which in Latin means “all others”).
Book (translated)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). Book Title. Trans.
Translator First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last Name. Location: Publisher,
publication year. Print.
Example: Glendenning, Helen M. Collecting Liquor by the River: Memoirs of a Life Well
Lived. Trans. Grace G. Genzingher. Queenston, Canada: High Falls Press, 2004.
Print.
In-Text:
The liquor, of course, was just a pretense -- it was really just an excuse to flirt with
the fisherman, laborers, and dock workers that littered the area (Glendenning, 3641).
Note 1: With translations, you do not need to include the original publication date in your citation when
using MLA.
Book (reprint)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). Book Title. Original
publication year. Location: Publisher, reprint publication year. Print.
Example: Parker, Jerome J. A Most Fabulous Folio of New York’s Finest. 1921. New York:
Ball Point Publishing, 2012. Print.
In-Text:
Much in the style of the day, an outsized cross-hatching technique was used to
portray the larger-than-life figures of the era (Parker 50-100).
Book Chapter (in an edited book)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Chapter Title.” Book
Title. Ed. Editor’s First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last Name. Location:
Publisher, publication year. Chapter pages. Print.
Example: Hardle, Sally. “Amy Johnson.” Aviators You’ve Never Heard Of. Ed. Frank F.
Arbuckle. London: Aileron Group, 1972. 417-463. Print.
In-Text:
Forever in the shadow of Amelia Earhart, and without her knack for self-promotion,
Amy Johnson was destined to be “the other” aviatrix of the pre-Depression era
(Hardle 420-428).
Note 1: You would only cite a book chapter in an edited book (i.e. a book where every chapter is written
by a different author, but assembled by an editor); if the book only has one author, you would just cite
the entire book, even if you’re only using one chapter.
Book Review
Format:
Reviewer’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Review Title”. Rev.
of Book Title, by Book Author’s First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last Name.
Journal/Magazine Title day month year publication: review page number(s). Print.
Example: Pumanti, Emily M. “Leo Kottke’s Disappointing Autobiography.” Rev. of
Autobiography, by Leo L. Kottke. Journal of American Musios Oct. 2004:17-19.
Print.
In-Text:
The reviews were dismal, however, and Kottke quickly went back to his guitar
(Pumanti 17-19).
Note 1: If the review journal/magazine doesn’t have a day (or even a month), simply omit that
information from your citation.
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 4
Brochure / Flyer
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). Brochure Title.
Location: Publisher, publication/copyright year. Print.
Example: Occidental Aesthetics. Lose 40 pounds in 48 hours. Chicago: Occidental Aesthetics,
2001. Print.
In-Text:
Cosmetic surgery was even making inroads in socioeconomically depressed areas of
the city, best epitomized by the ubiquitous Lose 40 Pounds in 48 Hours brochure,
found throughout Chicago’s south side in the summer of 2001 (Occidental
Aesthetics).
Classical Work (i.e. a religious text)
Format:
Work Name. Location: Publisher, publication year. Print. Edition/Version.
Example: The Bible. New York, NY: Biblico Publishing Inc., 1980. King James Version.
In-Text:
The Abrahamic religions, of course, offered guidance on the matter (The Bible,
Ezekial 2:8-9).
Note 1: When citing in-text, follow this format: (Work name, Book chapter: verse).
Note 2: If the work has no chapters or verses, simply omit them from your in-text citation; if the work
doesn’t have a version, omit the “Edition/Version” section from your full reference.
Dataset / Statistic
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present) / Rightsholder. Dataset /
Statistic Title. Format. Location: Name of Producer, publication year.
Example: Stuckey, Darryl J. (1780). The London Social Register 1779. Social register.
London, England: The London Historical Society, 1780.
Example South African Department of Mineral Resources. South African Mines 1978. Data
2:
file and codebook. Johannesburg, South Africa: Government Printing Works, 1978.
Example South African Department of Labour. Labour Segmentation in South African Mining
3:
Operations by Job Type. Chart. Johannesburg, South Africa: Government Printing
Works, 2011.
In-Text:
The range of datasets available to the modern consumer is enormous. Consider
social registers, now available in England as far back 1779 (Stuckey), or industry
datasets, now also widely available (South African Department of Mineral
Resources). Visual representations of data are also readily available to the modern
data consumer (as an example, [South African Department of Labour]).
Note 1: A dataset is simply a collection of data (data being a body of facts or information about a
particular subject); a statistic is a particular piece of data, often represented graphically.
Dataset / Statistic (online)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present) / Rightsholder.
Dataset/Statistic Title. Format. Name of Producer. Web. Access date.
Example World Bank. Gross Domestic Product Ranking (GDP). Dataset. World Bank. Web.
1:
19 Aug. 2014.
Example International Monetary Fund. Percentage of Household Income Paid to State Tax –
2:
France. Graph. International Monetary Fund. Web. 20 Aug. 2014.
In-Text:
As at July, 2014, France had the 5th largest GDP in the world (World Bank, 2014).
France is unusual amongst the G10, however, in the unusually high percentage of
household income which goes toward the payment of state tax (International
Monetary Fund, 2014).
Note 1: A dataset is simply a collection of data (data being a body of facts or information about a
particular subject); a statistic is a particular piece of data, often represented graphically.
Note 2: MLA does not require a URL, but if you want, you can include it at the end of your citation.
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
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Dictionary Entry
Format:
“Entry name.” Dictionary Title. Edition (if present) ed. Location: Publisher,
publication year. Print.
Example “Antidisestablishmentarianism”. Oxford English Dictionary. 17th ed. London:
1:
Oxford, 2012. Print.
Example “Defriend.” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. 25th ed. London: Merriam-Webster
2:
Publishing Co., n.d. Print.
In-Text:
‘Antidisestablishmentarianism’ is the longest word in the English language (Oxford
English Dictionary 23). Language evolves, however, and even words that we once
thought silly – ‘defriend’, for instance – can find their way into dictionaries
(Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary 101).
Note 1: If the dictionary has an edition, abbreviate the word ‘edition’ with ‘ed.’; if the dictionary does
not list an edition, simply omit the “Edition (if present) ed.” section from your citation.
Note 2: If no date can be found, simply put “n.d.” for your date, meaning “no date”.
Dictionary Entry (online)
Format:
“Entry name”. Dictionary Title . Publisher, publication year. Web. Date accessed.
Example: “Googol.” Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, LLC, 2014. Web. 18 Jan. 2014.
In-Text:
Most people are unaware that the technology company Google took its name from
the word ‘googol’, denoting the number (1.0 × 10100) (dictionary.com).
Note 2: MLA does not require a URL, but if you want, you can include it at the end of your citation.
E-Book
Format:
Example
1:
Example
2:
In-Text:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). E-Book Title. Location
(if present): Publisher, publication year. Web / Digital File. Access date (if
necessary)
Johnson, Daniel R. On the Virtues of Ice Cream. Novelty Publishing Co., 2013.
Web. 2 Dec. 2013.
Manley, Miles M. The Health Risks of Ice Cream. Mexico City: Better Life
Publishing, 2014. Digital file.
Research has revealed that vanilla is the most popular flavor of ice cream (Johnson
50). Subsequent research, however, has confirmed that chocolate ice cream is
growing in popularity (Manley 10-15).
Note 1: If the e-book does not list a publication location, simply omit that section from your reference.
Note 2: If your e-book is not on the Internet (maybe you bought it from Amazon.com, or streamed it to
an e-reader, or...), replace ‘Web’ with ‘Digital File’ and omit an access date.
Encyclopedia Entry / Handbook Entry
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Article Title.”
Encyclopedia / Handbook Title. Ed. Editor’s First Name Middle Initial (if present)
Last Name. Edition. Volume(s). Location: Publisher, publication year. Print.
Example Gallagher, Linus N. “Dynamic range compression in post-grunge popular music.”
1:
The Encyclopedia of Music Mastering. Ed. James G. Peach. 2nd ed. 3 vols. Boston,
MA: Berklee Scholar’s Series Press, 2000. Print.
Example Fagen, Walt B. “iTunes Radio and volume normalization standards.” Handbook of
2:
Digital Music. New York, NY: Steely Brothers Publishing, 2014. Print.
In-Text:
Though certain albums retained a more dynamic mastering, the majority of popular
recordings were being mastered in a compressed fashion (Gallagher 972-979). With
iTunes Radio’s volume ceiling, however, the incentive to hot master was now
considerably less than was the case with terrestrial radio (Fagen 243-245).
Note 1: Edition refers to the version/printing/iteration of the encyclopedia, while volume refers to the
number of different books which make up the encyclopedia (i.e. World Book could be in its 10th edition,
and in that 10th edition, there might be 26 volumes, perhaps one for each letter of the alphabet).
Note 2: If the encyclopedia/handbook does not have an edition, omit the “Edition” section of your
citation; if it doesn’t have a volume (or is only 1 volume), omit “Volume(s)” section of your citation; if it
doesn’t have an editor, omit the “Ed. Editor’s First Name…” section of your citation.
Note 3: Abbreviate “volumes” to “vols.; abbreviate “edition” to “ed.” Ugh, this citation is a real drag,
just stick with it young grasshopper!
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 6
Essay (in a collection or anthology)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Essay Title.”
Collection / Anthology Title. Ed. Editor’s First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last
Name. Location: Publisher, year published. Print.
Example: DeWitt, Hosell H. “On the Causes of Poverty.” Why Can’t We Save? Ed. Milton G.
Canard. Chagrin Falls, OH: Financial Literacy Publication, 2002. Print.
In-Text:
Though the causes of poverty are multivariate, the inability to recognize one’s own
best financial interests are complicating the problem (DeWitt 81).
Note 1: Collections and anthologies will usually have an editor; if yours doesn’t, simply omit the “Ed.
Editor’s First Name...” section of your citation.
Film / Motion Picture
Format:
Title. Dir. Director’s First Name Middle Initial (if present) Last Night. Original
release date. Distributor, year published. Format.
Example Guns Against Wizardry. Dir. Kurt K. Abrahams. 2014. Imagithrill Productions,
1:
2014. Motion picture.
Example Satan vs. Aliens. Dir. Featherfield Hudson. 2010. Palimpsest Studios, 2011. Blu2:
Ray.
In-Text:
With Satan vs. Aliens, Hollywood budgets had been taken to a ludicrous extreme
(Hudson). The budget of Guns Against Wizardry was larger still (though, in fairness,
the CGI work was breathtaking) (Abrahams).
Government Publication
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present) / Government. Issuing
Agency. Publication Title. Location: Publisher, publication year. Print.
Example Hung, Warden S. Health Canada. A Review of the Evidence: The MMR Vaccination
1:
and the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian
Institute for Health Information, 2003. Print.
Example British Columbia. Ministry of Health. Do Vaccinations Cause Autism? Victoria,
2:
Canada: Queen’s Printer for British Columbia, 1999. Print.
In-Text:
Health authorities mounted a campaign to assure the public that vaccinations were
indeed safe (British Columbia 20). By 2003, these campaigns had a wealth of
counter-evidence to discredit Wakefield’s claims (Hung 45).
Image / Photo / Artwork (online)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). Image Title. Creation
year (if known). Medium. Website Title. Web. Date accessed.
Example Cooke, Sharon. Dogs on the Couch. 2014. Painting. Cooke’s Paintings.com. Web.
1:
16 Sept. 2014.
Example MacDermott, Carolyn C. Furby Gets Shaved. 2013. Image. MacDermott’s
2:
Images.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2014.
In-Text:
With the rise of social media, the memorialization of pets was taken to new heights.
Consider Dogs on the Couch, which depicts a dog acting in the manner of a human
(Cooke). Similarly, Furby Gets Shaved, playfully captures the in-progress shaving of
Furby, an impossibly fluffy dog (MacDermott).
Note 1: Oftentimes you won’t be able to locate a creation year for online artwork; simply omit the
“Creation year (if known)” portion of your citation if you can’t locate that information.
Note 2: MLA does not require a URL, but if you want, you can include it at the end of your citation.
Image / Photo / Artwork (online, without author)
Format:
Image Title. Creation year (if known). Medium. Website title. Web. Date accessed.
Example: Autumn Cat By My Door. Drawing. Cat Pictures.com. Web. 3 Jan. 2013.
In-Text:
The number of cat image repositories was staggering, though few of the repositories
required authorial attribution. For example, the drawing below is effectively
anonymous (Autumn Cat By My Door).
Note 1: Oftentimes you won’t be able to locate a creation year for online artwork; simply omit the
“Creation year (if known)” portion of your citation if you can’t locate that information.
Note 2: MLA does not require a URL, but if you want, you can include it at the end of your citation.
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 7
Journal Article (print and/or digital clone of print)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Article Title.” Journal
Title volume number.issue number (publication year). Page number(s). Print.
Example Jack, Jane T. “Is Basket Weaving an Academic Discipline? Evidence From the
1:
Field.” The Progressive Academic 12.2 (2007). 1-10. Print.
Example Jack, Jane T. “Basket Weaving Revisited: Revisionist Historiographies and the Post2:
secular Elephant in the Room.” Illumine! 14 (2009). 38-40. Print.
In-Text:
Basket weaving was held in contempt by many of the faculty, but a grassroots,
student-led campaign spurred its take-up at the college (Jack, 2007 9). In time,
basket weaving became a cornerstone of the curriculum (Jack, 2009 28-40).
Note 1: For multiple authors, follow the format established under the Books section of the guide.
Note 2: If your journal does not have an issue number, simply omit that information from your citation.
Journal Article (from a database or online)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Article Title.” Journal
Title volume number.issue number (publication year). Page number(s). Database /
Website. Web. Date accessed.
Example: Suessadon, Ted. “‘Twist’ Denouements in Pre-Victorian English Literature: New
Perspectives.” The Journal of Colonial Literature, 45.2 (2005). JSTOR. 25-38. Web.
4 Sept. 2006.
In-Text:
The device was infrequently used, though select works employed it (Suessadon 3536).
Note 1: If the journal article has a print clone, consider saving yourself some grief and just citing it as a
print source.
Magazine Article
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Article Title.”
Magazine Title publication day (if applicable) month year: page number(s). Print.
Example Simmons, Brady W. “The NBA and Sabermetrics: Fledgling Steps.” Illustrious
1:
Sports 14 May 2009: 20-40. Print.
Example Lowe, Zathaniel. “Sabermetrics Rethought.” Sportsman’s Stats July 2014: 79-85.
2:
Print.
In-Text:
Sabermetrics had been developed in the 1980s by Bill James, but prior to 2000, had
mostly been used in baseball (Simmons 20-25). Their use in the NBA began to
skyrocket when the Houston Rocket’s General Manager, Daryl Morey, began to use
them with success (Lowe 79-82).
Magazine Article (online)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Article Title.”
Magazine Title. Publisher/Website Owner, publication day (if applicable) month
year. Web. Access date.
Example: Richards, Sarah J. “Online Dating and Deceptive Billing Practices: Find True Love,
but Where’s the Opt-out?” Lover’s Lane. Lover’s Lane Publications, Mar. 2007.
Web. 27 Mar. 2007.
In-Text:
While the match rate of online dating services was increasing, the sites still retained
an aura of disreputability, especially as epitomized through their unforgiving billing
practices (Richards).
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 8
Website (with personal and/or institutional author)
Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Initial (if present). “Page Title.” Website
Name. Publisher, creation date. Web. Access date.
Example Troy, Cantor F. “WordPress now the Leading Microblogging Platform.”
1:
BlogDigest.com. Blog Digest, Inc., 05 Jan. 2011. Web. O7 Jan. 2011.
Example Occidental Industries. “WordPress Security Breach.” Flybynightnewsoutlet.com.
2:
Occidental Industries, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
In-Text:
The WordPress blogging platform was, by 2011, the leading microblogging platform
on the Internet (Troy). That growth, however, made the site a very public target for
hackers and data thieves (Kroft).
Note 1: With websites, you DO NOT need to use “n. pag.” (meaning, “no pages”).
Note 2: If you can’t find a date, or the work doesn’t have one, put “n.d.” (meaning, “no date”) for the
creation date.
Website (without an identifiable author) / Wiki / Discussion Board
Format:
“Page Title.” Website Name. Publisher, creation date. Web. Access date.
Example “The Human Condition and Other Scandals.” Reddit. Reddit Media Inc., 13 Mar.
1:
2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013.
In-Text:
Following the revelation, Internet discussion boards were fixated on the issue,
particularly the Reddit community (The Human Condition and Other Scandals).
Note 1: With websites, you DO NOT need to use “n. pag.” (meaning, “no pages”).
Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 9
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Created & Maintained by Luke Beatty; Last updated: November, 2014
Page 11