Freshwater
Abiotic
______________ factors: temperature,
sunlight, oxygen, and salt content.
____________– a shallow body of standing
Pond
or still fresh water. Sunlight can reach the
bottom of even the center of a pond.
Lake
____________- a larger, deeper body of
standing or still fresh water.
Organisms in ponds and lakes include those that are
adapted for life in still water...plants that can grow in
water, algae, insects, snails, frogs, salamanders, sunfish,
catfish, bacteria, and other decomposers.
Stream
______________– a channel through which water is continually
Biomes
of the
World
flowing downhill
Headwaters
__________________– the place where a stream begins;
the cold water flows rapidly here.
River
______________– a large stream
Organisms in streams and rivers include those that are
adapted for life in faster moving water… trout
(streamlined bodies), insects with suckers that can cling
to rocks, fewer plants.
KEY UNDERSTANDING...In each biome,
the unique characteristics of that
biome’s environment supports specific
varieties of organisms!!
Rain Forest
Rainforests are warm and humid
Tropical
_____________________Rain Forest*warm regions close to the __________________.
*Receive a lot of _________ (250-450 cm/year)!
*Temperature and sunlight are fairly
_________________ all year.
*Have an astounding ____________ of species!!
(Number of insect species are in the millions!!)
PlantsAnimals-monkeys, birds, insects
equator
rain
constant
variety
Taiga
(Boreal Forest)
Boreal forests are found in cooler climates; they
coniferous trees which prohave many _________________
duce seeds in cones and have leaves shaped like
________________.
This type of leaf prevents waneedles
ter loss since water is frozen for much of the year
and not available to plants.
Plants– fir, spruce hemlock trees
Animals– squirrels, insects, birds such as finches
and chickadees, porcupines, deer, elk, moose, beavers, wolves, bears, lynxes, etc.
Tundra
Temperate
_______________________Rain Forest*can get more than ______cm of rain/year
Northwestern
*Northeastern coast of the US is a temperate rain
forest
*Temperate means having ______________
temperatures (too far north and too cool to
be tropical)
Plants– redwoods, cedars, Douglas firs
Animals-
300
moderate
An extremely cold land biome. It may receive no more
desert
rain than a ____________.
The land may be very wet
however because there is so little evaporation. Most of
the soil is frozen and is called
____________________.
permafrost
Plants– lichens, mosses, grasses, shrubs, dwarf
forms of a few trees
Animals-Insects, migrating birds, caribou, foxes,
wolves, hares
Deciduous Forest
shed
The deciduous trees _______ their leaves and grow new ones
each year. The deciduous forest receive at least 50 cm of rainfall a year. There is a variety of habitats so there is a variety of
plants and animals as well
Plants– Oaks, maples, fruit trees
Animals– a variety of birds such as songbirds, opossums,
mice, skunks, deer, bears
Estuary
Marine/Ocean
___________________________- habitat where the fresh water of a river
meets the salt water of the ocean. They are shallow, sunlit, and nutrient rich.
They are often a breeding ground for many animals
Plants– marsh grasses, algae
Animals-crabs, worms, clams, oysters, many birds, and fish.
Intertidal
_________________________ Zone- part of the shore between the highest
high tide line and the lowest low tide line.
Animals– sea stars, barnacles, clams, and crabs
Neritic
______________ Zone– below the low tide line is a region of shallow water
that extends over the continental shelf. Lots of photosynthetic organisms and
rich in many living things.
Animals– Zooplankton, large schools of many fish species, corals in
the tropics
Plants– algae, phytoplankton
Surface
_______________ Zone– open ocean...first few hundred meters. Lots of algae that photosynthesize...they are the producers for most open ocean food
webs.
Animals– whales, tuna, many varieties of fish
Deep
Mountain/Alpine
Mountains often have several biomes from their base to
their top (summit) such as from a grassland to a deciduous forest to a boreal forest to a tundra.
Animal and plant species vary depending on the
mountain level.
The Alpine biome is the region just below the snow line
of a mountain.
_________ Zone– in the open ocean below the surface zone. Water is completely dark. Animals feed on the remains of dead organisms that sink from
the surface zone. Some deep water vents have chemosynthetic bacteria. Very
unique animals found here.
Desert
25
evaporation
precipitation
Deserts are areas that receive less than _____ centimeters of rain
per year. The amount of _______________________ is greater
than the amount of _________________________.
Some deserts may not receive ANY rain at all! There are often
large shifts in temperature from very hot days to very cold nights
in a desert
Plants– cacti
Animals– lizards such as the Gila Monster, snakes
Grassland
Many grasslands are also called prairies. They get more rain
than deserts (25-75 cm) but not enough for many
____________ to grow.
trees
Plants– grasses, small plants
Animals– birds, insects, rabbits, snakes
Grasslands located closer to the equator are called
__________________ and these grasslands receive up to 120
cm of rain a year.
savannas
Plants– grasses, shrubs, small trees
Animals– bison, antelopes, zebras, giraffes, kangaroos,
birds, insects