PRODUCT USER MANUAL
Iceberg Number Density
SEAICE_ARC_SEAICE_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_011_007
Issue: 2.6
Contributors: Jørgen Buus-Hinkler, Bruce Hackett
CMEMS version scope : Version 2.3
Approval Date : 2016-09-30
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CHANGE RECORD
Issue
Date
§
1.1
2011-05-27
Available time series is Jørgen Buus-Hinkler
from April 1st 2010, and
NOT 2011 as stated in
the previous version
(1.0) of the PUM.
Jørgen Buus-Hinkler
1.2
2011-11-02 layout
Conversion to new MyO Jørgen Buus-Hinkler
PUM format.
Jørgen Buus-Hinkler
2.0
17-11-2011
Update file
Nomenclature
L.Crosnier WP17
2.1
2014.05.15
Add MFTP download
mechanism
Bruce Hackett
II
Description of Change
Author
Validated By
Lars-Anders Breivik
L. Crosnier
2.3
2015-01-30 III
Transition to Sentinel-1,
SUBS, DGF
nomenclature
Jørgen Buus-Hinkler,
L. Crosnier
Bruce Hackett
2.4
May 1 2015 all
Change format to fit
CMEMS graphical rules
2.5
2016-01-21 all
Finished CMEMS
rebranding and content
update for V2
Jørgen Buus-Hinkler
B. Hackett
2.6
2016-09-30
Inclusion of Sentinel-1B
data in production, text
updated accordingly
Jørgen Buus-Hinkler
B. Hackett
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L. Crosnier
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 5
I.1 Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
I.2 History of changes ....................................................................................................................................... 5
II
HOW TO DOWNLOAD A PRODUCT ......................................................................................................... 6
II.1 Download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter Service .......................................... 6
II.2 Download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal Directgetfile Service ..................................... 6
II.3 Download a product through the CMEMS FTP Service ....................................................................... 6
III
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT Line ............................................................................................. 7
III.1 General Description ................................................................................................................................. 7
III.2 General Information ................................................................................................................................ 8
III.3 Details of datasets ................................................................................................................................... 10
IV
NOMENCLATURE OF FILES .................................................................................................................. 12
IV.1 of files when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter Service ............................... 12
IV.2 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal Directgetfile .............. 13
V
FILE FORMAT ........................................................................................................................................... 14
V.1 netcdf......................................................................................................................................................... 14
V.2 structure and semantic of netCDF iceberg number density maps files ............................................... 15
V.3 reading software....................................................................................................................................... 22
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GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS
AMSR
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
CF
Climate Forecast (convention for NetCDF)
CFAR
Constant False Alarm Rate
FTP
Protocol to download files
OpenDAP
Open-Source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol. Protocol to
download subset of data from a n-dimensional gridded dataset (ie: 4
dimensions: lon-lat,depth,time)
Subsetter
CMEMS service tool to download a NetCDF file of a selected geographical
box using values of longitude an latitude, and time range
Directgetfile
CMEMS service tool (FTP like) to download a NetCDF file
NetCDF
Network Common Data Form
DU
Dissemination Unit
PU
Production Unit
SAR
Synthetic Aperture Radar
SIW
Sea Ice and Wind
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I
INTRODUCTION
I.1 Summary
This guide describes the Arctic iceberg number density product
SEAICE_ARC_SEAICE_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_011_007 from the CMEMS Sea Ice and Wind Thematic
Assembly Centre, what data services are available to access them, and how to use the files and
services.
This product is produced at the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) (PU) and disseminated by
Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway) (DU). The data are freely available under the
CMEMS data license.
I.2 History of changes

The first version of the iceberg number-density product became operational on April 02,
2010.

Since October 2014, Sentinel-1 data has gradually been incorporated into the product and
was implemented operationally by February 13, 2015.

By February 15, 2016 the product was extended to include 4-day mosaics of iceberg number
densities also including satellite acquisition time for each gridded observation. Importantly it
shall be noted that for the mosaic-product a new sea-ice masking scheme has been
introduced. The scheme is based on high resolution sea-ice charts and will replace the former
AMSR-based ice-masking-scheme in future upgrades and re-analyses of all iceberg-products
in the CMEMS product portfolio.

By September, 2016 Sentinel-1B data has been implemented in the production line.
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II
HOW TO DOWNLOAD A PRODUCT
II.1 Download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter
Service
You first need to register. Please find below the registration steps:
http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-services-faq.php#1
Once registered, the CMEMS FAQ http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-servicesfaq.php#3 will guide you on How to download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter
Service.
II.2 Download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal Directgetfile
Service
You first need to register. Please find below the registration steps:
http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-services-faq.php#1
Once registered, the CMEMS FAQ http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-servicesfaq.php#5 will guide you on How to download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal
Directgetfile Service.
II.3 Download a product through the CMEMS FTP Service
You first need to register. Please find below the registration steps:
http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-services-faq.php#1
Once registered, the CMEMS FAQ http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-servicesfaq.php#8 will guide you on How to download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal FTP Service.
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III DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT LINE
III.1 General Description
The iceberg number density product is based on target (iceberg) detection in data inferred from
satellite borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) processed at the Danish Meteorological institute
(DMI). Since February 2015 the primary data source of SAR data has been Sentinel-1A (and by
September 2016 also Sentinel-1B) acquired in Extra Wide Swath (EW) mode – each scene covering
approximately 400x400 km at 80m nominal spatial resolution. Before the implementation of
Sentinel-1 the product was solely based on Radarsat-2 in ScanSAR Wide (SCW) mode which offers
500x500 km scenes at 100m nominal spatial resolution. DMI will continue to use Radarsat-2 for the
iceberg product as a supplement. However, the amount of acquired Radarsat-2 scenes has decreased
significantly after the implementation of Sentinel-1.
The measured SAR signal (backscatter coefficient) is proportional to the surface roughness, meaning
that for iceberg detection we use SAR images (at 80-100 m spatial resolution) to describe the
roughness of the sea surface (icebergs are assumed to be particularly rugged objects). The DMI
iceberg detection algorithm utilizes a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) concept. Basically this means
that if a given pixel (backscatter value) deviates significantly from the background noise calculated
for nearby pixels, this pixel will be classified as an “iceberg-pixel”. After processing, the resulting
CFAR image contains only none-iceberg- and iceberg pixels - the latter appearing as clusters made up
of one or more (80m or 100m) pixels. To produce the final CMEMS product all iceberg clusters are
counted in 10 km grid cells to produce an iceberg number density grid.
Until the recent upgrade of the product (V2 – February 2016) an output-file has been produced for
each available SAR scene (single-scene-product). The V2 upgrade is an addition to the existing singlescene-product. The addition consists of mosaics (of gridded iceberg number-densities): A daily
mosaic is produced; each mosaic contains the latest four days of observations and is based solely on
Sentinel-1 data.
Only grid cells containing no sea ice are included. For the single-scene-product sea-ice concentration
from passive microwave satellite data (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer [AMSR-2]) is used
to mask out sea ice pixels. However, the mosaicked product uses a new scheme for sea-ice masking,
which is based on high resolution sea-ice charts instead of the AMSR-2 data. The scheme has been
set up such that the sea-ice chart with the least time-difference to the individual satellite-observation
(number density in individual grid-cell) is used for ice masking.
To maintain consistency in the data archive we will continue the production of the “single-scenedatasets” in parallel with the new mosaicked product. The produced single-scene-datasets will stay in
their present form until the re-analysis has been carried out. After that, the single-scene-product will
be phased out.
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Note that the new mosaicked product currently does not include statistical layers in the netcdf-files.
For this product the implementation of these layers is planned to be done when the Sentinelarchives includes multiple years, and when the new sea-ice scheme has been run on existing data
through re-analysis.
III.2 General Information
Product Lines
SIW-DMI-ARC-SEAICE_BERG-OBS
Geographical coverage
400x400 km and 500x500 km satellite scenes distributed around
Greenland (see Fig. 1).
Variables
Single scene product: Iceberg concentration (number density);
Extremity index; Percentile corresponding to derived Extremity
4 day Mosaic: Iceberg concentration (number density); Acquisition time
for the individual grid-cells
Available time series
Single scene product: From 2 April 2010 – on going (V1, V2)
4 day Mosaic: From 15 February 2016 – on going (V2)
Temporal resolution
Irregular – produced when SAR data are available – the 4 day mosaic is
updated daily
Target delivery time
Continuously processed and send to DU within 24h from data
acquisition (latest data acquisition for mosaics)
Delivery mechanism
Subsetter, Directgetfile, CMEMS FTP
Horizontal resolution
10 km
Format
Netcdf CF1.4
Detailed information on the systems and products are on CMEMS web site:
www.marine.copernicus.eu .
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Figure 1. Selected data-frames of Radarsat SAR scenes (from DMI archive) used for iceberg detection. Total number of
selected framess: 379. Note: In 2015, Sentinel-1 has replaced Radarsat-2 as the main source of SAR data.
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III.3 Details of datasets
Single-scene product:
Dataset name
DMI-ARC-SEAICE_BERG-L4-NRT-OBS
1. Lambert_Conformal
Projection info
2. ibc
Iceberg concentration (number of icebergs per 100 km2, NODATA value:
-1), data type: short integer.
3. extrem_lev
Iceberg number density level (L) (1=Normal [L<=P84],
2=Moderate[P84<L<=P97], 3=Extreme[>P97]) {allways 1 when no
icebergs are present}, data type: short integer.
4. stat_perc
Statistical percentile that corresponds to the current iceberg number
density level within grid-cell in question, data type: short integer.
5. lat
Latitude (decimal degrees), data type: 32 bit float.
6. lon
Longitude (decimal degrees), data type: 32 bit float.
7. time
Days since 1970-1-1 0:0:0.
8. x
projection_x_coordinate, data type: double.
8. y
projection_y_coordinate, data type: double.
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4-day mosaic product:
Dataset name
DMI-ARC-SEAICE_BERG_MOSAIC-L4-NRT-OBS
1. Lambert_Conformal
Projection info
2. ibc
Iceberg concentration (number of icebergs per 100 km2, NODATA value:
-1), data type: short integer.
3. acq_time
Acquisition time (seconds since 1970-1-1 0:0:0), data type: double.
4. lat
Latitude (decimal degrees), data type: 32 bit float.
5. lon
Longitude (decimal degrees), data type: 32 bit float.
6. time
Days since 1970-1-1 0:0:0.
7. x
projection_x_coordinate, data type: double.
8. y
projection_y_coordinate, data type: double.
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IV NOMENCLATURE OF FILES
The nomenclature of the downloaded files differs on the basis of the chosen download mechanism
Subsetter or Directgetfile or CMEMS FTP service.
File name conventions:
Single-scene product:
iceberg_conc_<yyyymmddhhmm>.nc
4-day mosaic product:
iceberg_conc_mosaic_ yyyymmddhhmm - yyyymmddhhmm.nc
The file naming convention is relevant when downloading by Directgetfile and CMEMS FTP.
IV.1 of files when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal
Subsetter Service
Files nomenclature when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter is based on product
dataset name and a numerical reference related to the request date on the MIS.
The scheme is: datasetname_nnnnnn.nc
where :
.datasetname is a character string within one of the following:
· ice_berg_arctic_aggregated
· ice_berg_mosaic_arctic_aggregated
. nnnnnn: 6 digit transaction identifier.
.nc: standard NetCDF filename extension.
Examples:
ice_berg_arctic_aggregated_151494.nc
or
ice_berg_mosaic_arctic_aggregated_151494.nc
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IV.2 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the CMEMS
Web Portal Directgetfile
Files nomenclature when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal Directgetfile is:
The scheme : datasetname_nnnnnn.zip
where :
.datasetname is a character string within one of the following:
· ice_berg_arctic
· ice_berg_mosaic_arctic
. nnnnnn: 6 digit transaction identifier.
.zip: files within the requested time range are packed by zip.
Examples:
ice_berg_arctic_151494.zip
or
ice_berg_mosaic_arctic_151494.zip
The files in the Directgetfile zip package and follow the file naming convention shown at the
beginning of Ch. IV.
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V
FILE FORMAT
V.1 netcdf
The products are stored using the NetCDF format.
NetCDF (network Common Data Form) is an interface for array-oriented data access and a library
that provides an implementation of the interface. The netCDF library also defines a machineindependent format for representing scientific data. Together, the interface, library, and format
support the creation, access, and sharing of scientific data. The netCDF software was developed at
the Unidata Program Center in Boulder, Colorado. The netCDF libraries define a machineindependent format for representing scientific data.
Please see Unidata netCDF pages for more information, and to retrieve netCDF software package.
NetCDF data are:

Self-Describing. A netCDF file includes information about the data it contains.

Architecture-independent. A netCDF file is represented in a form that can be accessed by
computers with different ways of storing integers, characters, and floating-point numbers.

Direct-access. A small subset of a large dataset may be accessed efficiently, without first
reading through all the preceding data.

Appendable. Data can be appended to a netCDF dataset along one dimension without
copying the dataset or redefining its structure. The structure of a netCDF dataset can be
changed, though this sometimes causes the dataset to be copied.

Sharable. One writer and multiple readers may simultaneously access the same netCDF file.
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V.2 structure and semantic of netCDF iceberg number density maps
files
Single-scene product:
netcdf file:/iceberg_conc_201601201746.nc {
dimensions:
x = 290;
y = 345;
time = 1;
variables:
double x(x=290);
:standard_name = "projection_x_coordinate";
:units = "m";
double y(y=345);
:standard_name = "projection_y_coordinate";
:units = "m";
float lon(y=345, x=290);
:standard_name = "longitude";
:units = "degrees_east";
float lat(y=345, x=290);
:standard_name = "latitude";
:units = "degrees_north";
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int Lambert_Conformal;
:grid_mapping_name = "lambert_conformal_conic";
:standard_parallel = 76, 66; // int
:longitude_of_central_meridian = -39; // int
:latitude_of_projection_origin = 55; // int
:false_easting = 1500000; // int
:semi_major_axis = 6378137.0; // double
:inverse_flattening = 298.257223563; // double
:proj4_string = "+proj=lcc +lat_1=66 +lat_2=76 +lat_0=55 +lon_0=-39 +x_0=1500000 +y_0=0
+ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +units=m";
short ibc(time=1, y=345, x=290);
:_FillValue = -1S; // short
:long_name = "Iceberg concentration (number of icebergs per 100 km2)";
:units = "1e-2 km-2";
:grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal";
short extrem_lev(time=1, y=345, x=290);
:_FillValue = -1S; // short
:long_name = "Iceberg number density level (L) (1=Normal [L<=P84, 2=Moderate[P84<L<=P97],
3=Extreme[>P97]) {allways 1 when no icebergs are present}";
:units = "1";
:grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal";
short stat_perc(time=1, y=345, x=290);
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:_FillValue = -1S; // short
:long_name = "Statistical percentile that corresponds to the current iceberg number density level
within grid-cell in question";
:units = "%";
:grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal";
double time(time=1);
:standard_name = "time";
:units = "days since 1970-1-1 0:0:0";
:calendar = "standard";
// global attributes:
:title = "Arctic Greenland Iceberg Density, L4, 10km daily (DMI-ARC-SEAICE_BERG-L4-NRT-OBS)";
:Conventions = "CF-1.6";
:netcdf_version_id = "4.1.1 of Jan 7 2014 15:23:50 $";
:creation_date = "2016-01-21";
:product_version = "1.0";
:software_version = "2.0";
:comment = "Product User Manual (PUM) can be accessed at http://marine.copernicus.eu";
:sensor = "Sentinel-1 SAR (Extra Wide Swath mode at 80 m effective spatial resolution)";
:spatial_resolution = "10.0 km";
:area = "Greenland Waters";
:southernmost_latitude = "54.3469";
:northernmost_latitude = "87.4140";
:westernmost_longitude = "-120.1445";
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:easternmost_longitude = "42.9557";
:field_type = "daily";
:institution = "Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI)";
:institution_references = "http://www.dmi.dk";
:contact = "[email protected]";
:operational_status = "operational";
}
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4-day mosaic product:
netcdf file:/iceberg_conc_mosaic_201601170920-201601202103.nc {
dimensions:
x = 290;
y = 345;
time = 1;
variables:
double x(x=290);
:standard_name = "projection_x_coordinate";
:units = "m";
double y(y=345);
:standard_name = "projection_y_coordinate";
:units = "m";
float lon(y=345, x=290);
:standard_name = "longitude";
:units = "degrees_east";
float lat(y=345, x=290);
:standard_name = "latitude";
:units = "degrees_north";
int Lambert_Conformal;
:grid_mapping_name = "lambert_conformal_conic";
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:standard_parallel = 76, 66; // int
:longitude_of_central_meridian = -39; // int
:latitude_of_projection_origin = 55; // int
:false_easting = 1500000; // int
:semi_major_axis = 6378137.0; // double
:inverse_flattening = 298.257223563; // double
:proj4_string = "+proj=lcc +lat_1=66 +lat_2=76 +lat_0=55 +lon_0=-39 +x_0=1500000 +y_0=0
+ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +units=m";
short ibc(time=1, y=345, x=290);
:_FillValue = -1S; // short
:long_name = "Iceberg concentration (number of icebergs per 100 km2)";
:units = "1e-2 km-2";
:grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal";
double acq_time(time=1, y=345, x=290);
:_FillValue = -1.0; // double
:long_name = "Acquisition time (seconds since 1970-1-1 0:0:0)";
:units = "s";
:grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal";
double time(time=1);
:standard_name = "time";
:units = "days since 1970-1-1 0:0:0";
:calendar = "standard";
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// global attributes:
:title = "Arctic Iceberg Concentration Mosaic, L4, 10km daily (DMI-ARC-SEAICE_BERG_MOSAIC-L4NRT-OBS)";
:Conventions = "CF-1.6";
:netcdf_version_id = "4.1.1 of Jan 7 2014 15:23:50 $";
:creation_date = "2016-01-21";
:product_version = "1.0";
:software_version = "2.0";
:comment = "Product User Manual (PUM) can be accessed at http://marine.copernicus.eu";
:sensor = "Sentinel-1 SAR (Extra Wide Swath mode at 80 m effective spatial resolution)";
:spatial_resolution = "10.0 km";
:area = "Greenland Waters";
:southernmost_latitude = "54.3469";
:northernmost_latitude = "87.4140";
:westernmost_longitude = "-120.1445";
:easternmost_longitude = "42.9557";
:field_type = "daily";
:institution = "Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI)";
:institution_references = "http://www.dmi.dk";
:contact = "[email protected]";
:operational_status = "operational";
}
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PUM for SIW TAC Arctic Ice Berg Number Density
Product
Ref: CMEMS-OSI-PUM-011007
Date
: 30 September 2016
Issue
: 2.6
SEAICE_ARC_SEAICE_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_011_007
V.3 reading software
NetCDF data can be browsed and used through a number of software, like:
 ncBrowse: http://www.epic.noaa.gov/java/ncBrowse/,
 NetCDF Operator (NCO): http://nco.sourceforge.net/
 IDL, Matlab, GMT…
© EU Copernicus Marine Service – Public
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