Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 1: Vocabulary Review​ – Use the words in the box to complete the following sentences.
Revolution – Mestizo – Caudillo
Plantation – Colonies – Creole – Dependent
1. A ​Caudillo​ was a military officer who gained power in Latin America after
independence.
2. A ​Plantation​ is a ​large farm owned by the Spanish or Catholic Church.
3. A ​Revolution​ is the overthrow of a ruler or government by a group.
4. A ​Creole​ is someone who was born in Latin America and had Spanish parents or
grandparents.
5. A ​Mestizo​ is someone who has one Spanish parent and one Native American parent.
6. Someone who is ​Dependent​ relies on someone for support, or being under someone
else’s control.
7. Colonies​ are territories ruled by a more powerful mother country.
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 2: Timeline​ – Use the timeline graphic to answer the following questions.
1808
1810
1812
1814
1816
1818
1820
1822
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
1. According to this timeline, how long did it take for Mexico to gain independence?
11-12 years
2. How long did Jose Morelos fight for independence?
3 years
3. After Jose Morelos was executed, how long did it take for Iturbide to gain Mexico’s
independence?
5-6 years
4. Why did Santa Anna force Augustin de Iturbide to resign as emperor?
Having an emperor was exactly what the revolutionary leaders were fighting against.
Therefore, having Iturbide as emperor would defeat the purpose. They forced him to retire so
they can create a new government based on a constitution.
Part 3: Short Answers​ – Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. How were social classes determined in Latin America? Which class was at the top? How
and why did that influence the revolutions in Latin America?
Social classes were determined by someone’s heritage. The more Spanish blood one had,
the higher on the social pyramid one would be. The peninsulares were at the top of the
pyrmid. This unfair determination of social classes led the lower classes such as the
creoles to rebel.
2. What were the ideas from the Enlightenment period and how did they influence the
Western Hemisphere?
The Enlightenment brought about the idea that humans had the ability to reason. Because
of this ability, humans can discover truths for themselves. This led to the idea that all
people were equal and had natural rights. These ideas influenced the leaders of the
French and American revolutions, which in turn, also influenced the revolutions in Latin
America. It made people want to fight for equal rights.
3. How did the revolution in Haiti differ from the revolutions in South America and
Mexico? ​The revolution in Haiti was the first Spanish colony to gain independence, it
was led by slaves, unlike the revolutions in South America, which was led by Creoles.
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
4. Describe the three parts of the triangle trade. What continents were involved? What was
traded on each leg of the trade?
Stage One: Europe to Africa - manufactured goods, cloth, tobacco, beads, metal goods
and guns.
Stage Two: Middle Passage - Africa to The Americas - Slaves
Stage Three: Americas to Europe - Raw materials such as cotton, sugar, tobacco and rum
Part 4 - Map Skills​: ​Use the map above to answer the next 5 questions.
20. Between which two lines of latitude do you find the island of Aruba (south central
Caribbean Sea)? ​12 degrees N and 18 degrees N
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
21. Give the absolute location of San Juan, Puerto Rico?
66 degrees W and 18 degrees N
22. Of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Bahamas, the island(s) found furthest west? South?
Bahamas; Puerto Rico
23. Which country is north of Cuba? Name one country south of Aruba?
USA; South America
24. Name the island located at 24 degrees north latitude and 75 degrees west longitude.
Cat Island
Part 5: R.A.C.E.S. Essay​ – Respond to this quote by following the R.A.C.E.S. model. You
must cite evidence from the text and explain what it means and how it supports your answer.
Haitian Declaration of Independence “Citizens: It is not enough to have expelled the barbarians who have bloodied our land for two
centuries. We must, with one last act of national authority, forever assure the empire
of liberty in the country of our birth; we must take any hope of re-enslaving us away
from the inhuman government that for so long kept us in the most humiliating
conditions. In the end we must live independent or die. Independence or death... let these sacred words unite us and be the signal of battle
and of our reunion.” ~Jean-Jaques Dessalines, Commander in Chief of Haiti, 1804. What is Dessalines saying to the people of Haiti? What is he telling them to do? 5
Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 4: Complete the following chart. Year of
Independence
Method of
revolution.
Violence or
Non-violence
Countries
Mother
Country
Names of the
revolutionary
leader(s)
Haiti
France
Toussaint
L’Ouverture
1804
Violence
Mexico
Spanish
Father Miguel
Hidalgo
1821
Violence
Brazil
Portugal
Prince Dom Pedro
1822
Non-Violence
Gran
Colombia
Spanish
Simon Bolivar
1821
Violence
Argentina
Spanish
1811
Violence
Jose de San Martin
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