AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 1 Quiz 2016-17
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. One reason we consider the dormant seed of a desert
plant to be alive is that it
a. is extracting energy from the environment.
b. formed within a nonliving structure.
c. is evolving.
d. contains genetic material.
2. Which of the following is the most probable order of
appearance of molecules and structures that led to the
evolution of life on Earth?
a. Nucleic acids, proteins, membranes, cells
b. Proteins, membranes, nucleic acids, cells
c. Membranes, nucleic acids, proteins, cells
d. Cells, membranes, nucleic acids, proteins
6. The initial accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere
was the result of photosynthesis from an organism most
like modern
a. cyanobacteria.
b. mosses.
c. kelp.
d. eukaryotes.
7. Refer to the figure below.
3. What is the correct order in which the following
appeared during the early evolution of life on Earth?
a. Oxygen, ozone, photosynthesis, life on land
b. Photosynthesis, oxygen, ozone, life on land
c. Life on land, photosynthesis, oxygen, ozone
d. Ozone, oxygen, photosynthesis, life on land
4. For a multicellular organism to have evolved from a
unicellular ancestor, what new feature must have been
present that was not necessary for unicellular life-forms?
a. A mechanism for cell division
b. Adhesion molecules on the surfaces of the cells
c. Specialization of cellular functions
d. Chloroplasts
5. If you were trying to create rapid evolutionary change in
a population of bacteria, what treatment would be most
effective?
a. Exposing the bacteria to UV light, which damages
DNA
b. Growing the bacteria under optimal conditions for
growth
c. Maintaining the bacteria at 4°C, which slows growth
d. Freezing the bacteria in liquid nitrogen
Imagine that NASA sends a probe to one of Jupiter’s
moons. The probe takes a sample from one of the
methane lakes and returns to Earth. Pictures of the
sample, taken through a microscope, reveal a cell-like
structure remarkably similar to a simple prokaryotic
organism. The structure is placed in a dish containing a
liquid bacterial growth medium and observed over
several days. Which observation best supports the
hypothesis that this is a living organism?
a. Small molecules move from the liquid medium into
the structure.
b. Analysis of the structure’s interior reveals the
presence of methane.
c. The structure increases in size during the
observation period.
d. Atoms in compounds in the medium are later traced
to the structure’s membrane.
Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life.
8.
What is one conclusion that you can draw from the
figure?
a. Plants are more closely related to Archaea than they
are to animals.
b. Animals are more closely related to fungi than they
are to plants.
c. Animals and plants belong to different domains.
d. Chloroplasts are found only in plants.
9. From the figure you can conclude that plants evolved
from
a. protists.
b. endosymbiotic bacteria.
c. mitochondria.
d. Bacteria.
10. If the estimates on the figure are accurate, then you can
conclude that
a. more animal species exist than species of plants or
fungi.
b. most Archaea species have been described.
c. more species of fungi exist than species of animals.
d. fewer species remain to be described than have
already been described.
11. Which statement concerning the figure is true?
a. All protists are more closely related to other protists
than they are to other organisms.
b. Only one domain includes single-celled prokaryotes.
c. Two of the domains had endosymbiotic events
leading to the formation of mitochondria and
chloroplasts.
d. All three domains split from a common ancestor.
12. In looking at prepared slides of organisms from pond
water using a microscope, you see a unicellular organism
that has genetic material but no nucleus. Which group
could this organism possibly belong to?
a. Bacteria
b. Plants
c. Fungi
d. Animals
13. Which list represents a correct ordering of the levels of
complexity at which life is studied, from most simple to
most complex?
a. Community, population, organism, organ, tissue,
cell
b. Cell, organ, tissue, organism, population,
community
c. Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population,
community
d. Cell, tissue, organ, population, organism,
community
14. Refer to the figure below showing a community
containing voles, grass, owls, and foxes. In this
community, interactions determine the number of voles.
What would initially happen to this community if foxes
were removed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The number of owls would diminish.
The number of voles would diminish.
The abundance of grass would increase.
The number of voles would increase.
15. A group of spiders of the same species lives in a wetland
region, feeding on numerous species of winged insects
that become ensnared in their webs. Several species of
birds, as well as a number of small mammal species,
feed on the spiders. Which statement correctly
characterizes this scenario?
a. The wetland is a landscape composed of several
populations, one of which includes the community
of spider species, the communities of bird species
that prey on the spiders, and the communities of
insect species preyed on by spiders.
b. The wetland is a community composed of several
landscapes, one of which includes the population of
spider species, the populations of bird species that
prey on the spiders, and the populations of insect
species preyed on by spiders.
c. The wetland is a landscape composed of several
communities, one of which includes the population
of spider species, the populations of bird species that
prey on the spiders, and the populations of insect
species preyed on by spiders.
d. The wetland is a population composed of several
organisms, one of which includes the community of
spider species, the communities of bird species that
prey on the spiders, and the communities of insect
species preyed on by spiders.
16. Your body constitutes a system of organized units
controlling your internal environment, such as the
concentration of Na+ in your blood. If this concentration
falls below normal, you would have hyponatremia, a
condition that can cause headaches, mental confusion,
and even seizures. Which event would most likely cause
hyponatremia?
a. Gut cells absorbing too much Na+ from food
b. Kidney cells absorbing too much Na+ from urine
c. Sweating profusely, followed by drinking large
quantities of water
d. Producing increased amounts of urine after drinking
several cups of coffee
17. During childbirth, the hormone oxytocin causes uterine
contractions. These contractions move the baby toward
the birth canal (vagina), where it pushes on pressuresensing receptors. These receptors signal the mother’s
hypothalamus to produce more oxytocin, which in turn
increases the uterine contractions. This is an example of
a. gene regulation.
b. positive feedback.
c. a cellular-level system.
d. a computational model.
18. If a mutation arises spontaneously in one of your blood
cells,
a. you can pass that mutation on to your offspring.
b. it would most likely improve the function of that
blood cell.
c. the blood cell is evolving.
d. it could have been caused by exposure to radiation.
19. In formulating his theory of evolution, Darwin used
information available to him through observation and
common knowledge, including the knowledge that
a. offspring differ from their parents and that
populations of species display variation.
b. genes are the basis for inheritance and that
mutations in DNA lead to evolutionary change.
c. populations do not change over time, though
individuals within a population do.
d. the fossil record includes all forms of present day
life.
20. Which statement about the experiments of Tyrone Hayes
on abnormalities of male frog sex organs is correct?
a. In a set of controlled experiments, Hayes had to
reject his hypothesis that atrazine was causing
abnormalities in male frogs.
b. As a result of the comparative experiments, Hayes
formed a new hypothesis that snails were causing
the limb deformities in the frogs.
c. The controlled experiments compared the effects of
various atrazine concentrations on reproductive
tissues.
d. Hayes reasoned that if atrazine caused abnormal
testes development, then all testes abnormalities in
tadpoles are caused by various concentrations of
atrazine.
21. Despite numerous studies showing the negative effects
of atrazine on frog development, the Environmental
Protection Agency continues to allow restricted use of
atrazine as long as environmental levels do not exceed
30 to 40 ppb. What will be the likely result of this
policy?
a. The occurrences of frog abnormalities will gradually
decline.
b. Abnormalities will continue to appear in frogs.
c. No new abnormalities in frogs will appear.
d. Abnormal frogs that reproduce will have offspring
that all develop normally.
22. Which statement about statistical analysis in science is
true?
a. Statistical methods are applied to data in order to
prove that the null hypothesis is incorrect.
b. Statistical tests analyze variation to determine
whether the variation is due to chance.
c. Statistical tests can be used to evaluate results from
controlled experiments but not comparative
experiments.
d. Statistics are used to measure the probability that an
observed difference is due to chance.
23. Many possible applications of scientific knowledge raise
ethical issues for some people. Which application,
however, would be rejected by all responsible scientists?
a. Selecting the sex of one’s children
b. Using stem cells as part of medical treatments
c. Modifying the human genome
d. Using scientific knowledge to dictate how the world
ought to be
24. How does positive feedback differ from negative
feedback?
a. Positive feedback has a beneficial effect on a
system, whereas negative feedback has a harmful
effect.
b. Positive feedback slows down the rate of a process
within a system, whereas negative feedback speeds
up the rate of a process.
c. Positive feedback builds up the structure of a
system, whereas negative feedback breaks down a
system’s structure.
d. Positive feedback generally destabilizes a system,
whereas negative feedback generally stabilizes a
system.
25. The rate of fruit ripening is under positive feedback
regulation from ethylene, a gaseous compound produced
by cells in ripening fruit. Suppose a farmer picks
unripened apples, stores them in an enclosed shed, and
counts the number of ripened apples each day over the
next week. What will be the shape of the graphed data if
the number of ripened apples is plotted on the y axis
versus time on the x axis? (Assume that most of the
apples are still unripened at the end of the week.)
a. A straight line with a positive slope
b. An upwardly curved line with a constantly
increasing slope
c. An upwardly curved line with a constantly
decreasing slope
d. A downwardly curved line with a constantly
increasing slope
26. Refer to the figure below.
The nucleotide sequence of a portion of a gene encoding
eye color in fruit flies is shown in the top row of the
table. Below it is the sequence after a mutation occurred.
What conclusion can be drawn from this information?
a. The fruit fly will be harmed by the mutation.
b. The mutation will improve the fruit fly’s chances of
survival.
c. The fruit fly’s eye color will change.
d. The mutation may change the protein encoded by
the gene.
27.
Refer to the table below.
What could be accomplished by a comparative analysis
of the data shown in the table?
a. Determining whether all of the organisms listed
share the same core set of genes
b. Evaluating whether gene number is dictated by
genome size
c. Identifying the smallest possible number of genes
needed to support life
d. Drawing a conclusion about how fast organisms
evolve
28. Refer to the table below.
Groups of 50 house flies were kept in three chambers
under the same conditions except for temperature. After
4 hours, the number of surviving flies was counted in
each chamber and expressed as a percentage of the total.
The results raised new questions that the data cannot be
used to answer. Which is a new question prompted by
the data shown?
a. Can house flies survive at temperatures 20 degrees
colder or warmer than ambient room temperature?
b. Are house flies that are sensitive to heat also
sensitive to cold, or are the two governed by
separate mechanisms?
c. Are house flies more sensitive to cold temperatures
or hot temperatures?
d. Do house flies show variations in traits within a
population?
29. Refer to the figure below.
Which statement represents the null hypothesis for this study?
a. Atrazine might have a greater effect on gonad development at low concentrations than at high
concentrations.
b. Testes are normal in the absence of atrazine, but male gonadal abnormalities occur in the presence
of atrazine.
c. Atrophied testes and testicular oogenesis show no differences in their response to atrazine level.
d. Atrazine levels show no differences with respect to the percentage of gonadal abnormalities.
e. Differences in gonadal abnormalities among sites with varied atrazine levels are due to random
variation.