Name ________________________________________________________________________ Period _______
Chapter 4 Reading Guide
Lesson 1, pp. 144-148 Immigration
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
immigrant
2.
nativism
Directions:
I.
A.
Locate each heading below in your textbook and use the information under each heading and
subheading to answer the following questions:
Europeans Flood In to America
How many Europeans came to America between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of World
War I?
B.
____________________________________________________________________________________
What did it mean to travel in “steerage”?
C.
____________________________________________________________________________________
How many immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954?
D.
____________________________________________________________________________________
What advantages led some immigrants to settle in ethnic neighborhoods?
____________________________________________________________________________________
II.
A.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Asian Immigration
Why did many Chinese come to the United States?
____________________________________________________________________________________
B.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Where did the Chinese mostly settle?
C.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Why did the number of Japanese immigrants migrating to the United States increase?
____________________________________________________________________________________
III.
A.
Nativism Resurges
How did nativist groups discriminate against Catholics?
____________________________________________________________________________________
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B.
What law of Congress barred Chinese immigration for 10 years?
C.
____________________________________________________________________________________
What directive by the San Francisco Board of Education created an international incident?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by writing 2 or 3 well-constructed sentences to answer
the following question:
Explain why immigrants came to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
As you read, complete the graphic organizer below by listing reasons people left their
homelands to immigrate to the United States.
Reasons for Immigrating to the U.S.
Push Factors
Pull Factors
Lesson 2 pp. 152-155 Urbanization
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
skyscraper
2.
tenement
3.
political machine
2
4.
party boss
5.
graft
Directions:
A.
Read each main idea and refer to your textbook to write the details that support or explain
each main idea:
Main Idea: The population in cities grew as people sought jobs.
Details:
1.
The urban population of the United States increased dramatically after ___________.
2.
Cities offered many advantages, including ____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.
B.
The physical appearance of cities changed with the building of __________________.
Main Idea: Members of the different social classes lived in different parts of the city.
Details:
1.
The wealthiest families lived in the __________________ of the city. As their homes
grew larger they hired more ____________________.
2.
American ____________________ helped to expand the middle class. The middle class
moved away from the center of the city to avoid ____________________ and
____________________.
3.
Middle-class women often joined ____________________. Over time these clubs
shifted their focus from social and ____________________ activities to reform and
_______________________ activities.
4.
Most working-class families lived in ___________________, which were dark and
___________________. To supplement their income, they often rented space to
____________________.
5.
C. Main Idea:
Details:
Sometimes entire families worked, including ____________________.
The rapid growth of cities made problems such as crime, pollution, fire, and disease worse.
1.
Improper disposal of sewage caused epidemics of ____________________ and
____________________.
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2.
Smoke, soot, and ash caused the problem of ____________________.
3.
An informal political group called a ____________________ developed in rapidly
growing cities. These groups provided necessities in exchange for __________________.
The most famous of these was _____________________ in New York City.
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by writing 2 or 3 well-constructed sentences to answer
the following question:
Explain how did America’s cities changed with the influx of immigrants.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 3 pp. 156-162 Social Darwinism and Social Reform
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
Social Darwinism
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2.
philanthropy
3.
settlement house
4.
Americanization
Directions:
Read each main idea and refer to your textbook to answer the questions below:
A.
Main Idea:
The idea of Social Darwinism was that society progressed through competition only
the fittest people survived.
1.
Why did authors Twain and Warner call this time period “The Gilded Age”?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
What was the idea of individualism?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Who was Herbert Spencer?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
What was the Gospel of Wealth?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Main Idea:
Americans had different ideas on how to address society’s problems.
1.
What was Reform Darwinism?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
How did naturalism challenge the idea of Social Darwinism?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Why were institutions such as the YMCA and the Salvation Army formed?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Who became the leading voice of the Social Gospel movement?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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5.
Where did immigrant children learn English, American history, and culture?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
C.
Main Idea:
The late 1800s was a time of great change in arts and entertainment.
1.
What was the movement called realism?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Why were people able to spend money on entertainment?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Where did working-class families go for entertainment?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by writing 2 or 3 well-constructed sentences to answer
the following question:
Explain the ways in which the Gilded Age is a period of change.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Complete the chart below by writing the main idea of each of the theories and movements
listed:
Theory or Movement
Main Idea
Social Darwinism
Laissez-Faire
Gospel of Wealth
Realism
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Lesson 4 pp. 163-168 Politics of the Gilded Age
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
populism
2.
greenbacks
3.
inflation
4.
graduated income tax
5.
deflation
6.
cooperatives
Directions:
Refer to your textbook complete the outline below:
I. Politics in Washington
A.
The assassination of ________________________ highlighted the need to reform the political system.
B. Many Democrats believed ____________________ were too high and made it difficult for farmers to
export ____________________.
C. Benjamin Harrison won the election of 1888 by losing ______________ but winning ______________.
II. Unrest in Rural America
A. A movement to increase political power of farmers was called ________________________________.
B. During the Civil War, an increase in the money supply caused ____________________, whereas after
the war ended, falling prices caused ______________________.
C. Oliver H. Kelly founded the first national farm organization known as the ____________________ in
the year _______________. The organization tried to help farmers by starting __________________.
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D. The Farmers’ Alliance organized _______________________________ with limited success.
III. The Rise of Populism
A. Members of the Farmer’s Alliance in some states formed a third party called the _________________.
B. In the year ________________ this political party nominated ______________________ for president.
C. Organized labor continued to support the ____________________ Party and ____________________
was elected president.
IV. The Election of 1896
A. In the election of 1896, both the ____________________ and the ____________________ nominated
William Jennings Bryan.
B. A major issue of the election was whether there should be free coinage of ____________________.
C. The Republican candidate, ____________________, campaigned by promising __________________.
D. The ____________________ declined and it failed to ease the economic hardships of
____________________ and regulate ____________________.
Directions:
Summarize the main idea of this lesson by writing 2 or 3 sentences to answer the question
below:
Explain how the Populist movement tried to help farmers.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
As you read about the emergence of populism in the 1890s, use the major headings of the
lesson to complete the outline below:
I.
Politics in Washington
A.
B.
C.
II. Unrest in Rural America
A.
B.
C.
III.
IV.
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Lesson 5 pp. 170-173 The Rise of Segregation
Directions:
Define or identify the following:
1.
poll tax
2.
segregation
3.
Jim Crow Laws
4.
lynch
Directions:
Read each main idea and refer to your textbook to answer the questions below:
Main Idea A:
After Reconstruction African Americans in the rural South lived in poverty without hope of
getting ahead.
1.
Who were the Exodusters?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
When did the Exodusters leave the South?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Why did African Americans form their own alliance?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Main Idea B: After Reconstruction ended, the rights of African Americans were taken away.
1.
How were the voting rights of African Americans taken away?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Why was the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson important?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Main Idea C: The African American community responded to segregation in variety of ways.
1.
Who launched a crusade against lynchings?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Why was the “Atlanta Compromise” speech important?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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3.
How did W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington differ in response to violence and discrimination
against African Americans?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions:
Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below:
List the circumstances in the South that led to the struggle of African Americans for equal rights.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Directions:
Complete the graphic organizer by listing the ways that states disenfranchised African
Americans and legalized discrmination.
Forms of
Discrimination
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