3096
Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(12): 3096-3099, 2012
ISSN 1995-0756
This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Some Parameters of Oxidative Stress in
Obese Men
Mohammad Sadegh Khoshnam, Ebrahim Khoshnam, Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Elham
Karampour, Fatemeh Zareian Jahromi, Ali Asghar Nikseresht
Department of Physical Education, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad university, Jahrom, Iran.
Mohammad Sadegh Khoshnam, Ebrahim Khoshnam, Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Elham Karampour,
Fatemeh Zareian Jahromi, Ali Asghar Nikseresht; The effect of regular aerobic exercise on some
parameters of oxidative stress in obese men
ABSTRACT
Given the widespread prevalence of obesity, and its related diseases and disorders, to identify effective
methods that can reduce risk factors and complications in obese patients, can be clinically very important. The
present study examined the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training on malondialdehyde concentration in
obese men. 30 obese young men (BMI≥30) 30-20 years old were selected from volunteers in two groups
(experimental group,n=15) and (control group,n=15. The experimental group experienced includes running the
treadmill aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks, a program three sessions a week at 65% heart rate reserve, 16
minutes in the first week to 30 minutes at 80% heart rate reserve in the 8th week. Amounts of malondialdehyde
were measured before and after 8 weeks in both groups. data analysis was done using dependent t test and
independent t test. The findings of this study showed that Regular aerobic exercise resulted in a significant
reduction in the concentration of malondialdehyde (P=0/033) in experimental group compared to control.
Therefore, It can be used as an effective, low-cost treatment strategy for the control of inflammatory and
oxidative stress in obese young men.
Key words: Regular aerobic exercise, Obese men, Malondialdehyde.
Introduction
Sedentary lifestyle and obesity, are two main
factors for cardiovascular is associated. the
prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide.
Obesity with, chronic lung disease, colon cancer and
depression has been identified as a risk factor for
heart disease-vascular and coronary artery disease
[1,2,3]. Cardiovascular disease is a life-threatening
illness. Cardiovascular events can sometimes occur
in people with no background risk. so it is possible
that risk factors exist. It has been noted that
traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease
include high blood pressure, elevated blood lipids
and lipoproteins, smoking, inactivity, and diabetes,
and new risk factors include certain cytokine such as
IL-6, C-reactive protein, Homocysteine and
lipoprotein a. recently, considerable attention to
potential factors involved in the early stages of
cardiovascular disease is advanced and may be an
important target of this investigation [3,4,5,6,7,8].
Arteriosclerosis disease, is the main reason cause of
more than 19 million deaths annually worldwide.
New findings in medicine, have emphasized the role
of inflammation in the early stages to advanced
arteriosclerosis and thrombosis problems. Today,
arteriosclerosis not only from the perspective of the
atherosclerotic disease of lipid accumulation but also
as a chronic inflammatory process [9,10,11].
Recently, the relationship is studied between
inflammation and atherosclerosis has been found in
several studies. Development of cardiovascular
disease, is caused by inflammation, and
inflammation plays a major role in the development
and progression of atherosclerosis. Inflammation
increases the circulating levels of several
inflammatory markers such as IL-6, C-reactive
protein. Sedentary lifestyle and inactivity increases
the risk of these conditions [2,12,13,14]. Another
source of inflammation, is oxidative stress which is
involved in the development of arteriosclerosis.
Increased production of reactive oxygen may
increase the inflammatory response. It is believed
that obesity is a state of oxidative stress and
inflammation which is one of the cardiovascular
disease risk factors. Stress increases inflammation
and is important for the prevention of obesity.
Moderate weight loss is accompanied by a reduction
in IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels associated
[16,17]. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between
Corresponding Author
Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Department of Physical Education, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad
university, Jahrom, Iran.
Tel: +98 9173918347 E-mail: [email protected]
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Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(12): 3096-3099, 2012
oxidant and antioxidant pathways that result in the
accumulation of lipid oxidation products such as
lipid hydro peroxides and malondialdehyde. These
materials are toxic and cause increased risk of
arteriosclerosis in the blood by other lipoproteins. In
addition, increased oxidative stress in adults after
exercise increases, It has been shown that aerobic
exercise reduces oxidative stress in obese men [8,18].
Regular
exercise
reduces
metabolic
and
cardiovascular respiratory disease. These effects are
likely to be responsible for stopping the infection.
Anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise may be
indirectly associated with reduced visceral fat mass
and caused by regular exercise [2]. Diagnosis of
cardiovascular risk factors is very important in the
treatment and prevention of disease progression and
reducing healthcare costs. Lack of appropriate
physical activity is one of the risk factors of coronary
disease which has been physiologists, doctors and
experts has attracted. No doubt the good habit of
physical exercise and fitness can be an important
factor in preventing and reducing the severity of
disease among the people all over the world. Aerobic
exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease
and risk factors will change. It has been shown that
these factors affect weight control by increasing
calorie expenditure, reduced body mass and resting
metabolic rate [3,19]. Therefore, in this study the
effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training on
Malondialdehyde concentration, a parameter of
oxidative stress in obese men were examined.
Material and Methods
The subjects were, 30 young men 30-20 years
old and voluntarily participated in this study. The
subjects were selected according to age, health, and
not smoking, lack of exercise and not taking
medicine. The physical characteristics of the subjects
are presented in table [1]. Subjects were divided into
two experimental groups and the control group
randomly. Experimental group did aerobic exercise
during the study and control group continued their
daily activities without intervention. participants
height and weight were recorded Using a medical
scale with stadiometer (seca: 220, Made in
Germany). Percent body fat and body composition
were measured using a body composition analyzer
(In body 3.0, South Korea).
Table 1: Distribution of participants’ physical and fitness characteristics.
Variable
experimental group
Age (years)
24/64±3/04
Height (cm)
171/97±8/96
Weight (kg)
99/51±7/29
Body fat (percent)
25/71±2/62
BMI (kilograms per meter squared)
35/65±13/18
Experimental group program was running on a
treadmill for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week,
respectively. The training session includes a 20minute warm-up by all types of running jumping.
Then running with 65% heart rate reserve for 16
minutes was started in the first week and continued
30 minutes at 80% heart rate reserve in sth week.
Exercise duration was increased 2 minutes every
week and exercise intensity was increased 5 % every
two weeks. The subjects were advised not to
participate in any other sport during the 8-week
training program. Heart rate was controlled by using
beats Polar gauge. At the end of each session, the
cooling down was done by soft running, stretching
for 10 minutes.
Measurement of Malondialdehyde:
After 12 hours fasting blood samples were
collected in pre-test and at 48 h after the last training
session. Blood samples were collected in sitting
position
from
vein
ass.
For
measuring
Malondialdehyde blood samples for 10 minutes at
2000 to 3000 rpm speed were centrifuged to separate
the serum, the serum was transferred to a laboratory
blood. 2 ml blood, were kept temperatures of - 80 ° C
to be used if needed. Malondialdehyde were
control group
24/66±3/06
172/41±9/38
102/35±5/20
25/29±2/93
33/19±1/68
measured by using kits (TBARS, Inc. Cayman
Chemical, MI, USA).
Statistical Methods:
We used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify
data homogeneity and normality. We used t-test to
determine significant differences within the group
(experimental and control group) and Paired t test to
determine
significant
differences
between
experimental and control groups, independent t-test
was used.(p= 0.05)
Results:
Comparison of the mean variables are reported
in Table 2. According to the research findings,
Malondialdehyde decreases before and after aerobic
exercise in control group which was not significant
statistically(p= 0.091). Malondialdehyde was
significantly decreased after 8 weeks of aerobic
exercise in experimental group(p=0.18). Table 3
shows the results of the comparison of
Malondialdehyde between groups after 8 weeks of
aerobic exercise. Malondialdehyde levels were
significantly lower in the experimental group
compared to than the control group.(p=0.033)
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Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(12): 3096-3099, 2012
Table 2: Comparison of Malondialdehyde between the two groups before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise
Variable
group
Before
After the test
t
MDA (μmol/L)
Control
2/55±0/68
2/89±0/78
-1/81
2/52±0/53
2/33±0/65
2/66
Experimental
Table 3: Comparison of Malondialdehyde in experimental and control group.
Variable
control group
experimental group
MDA (μmol/L)
2/89±0/78
2/33±0/65
Conclusion:
In this study, the effect of 8 weeks of treadmill
running were investigated on the amounts
Malondialdehyde in obese youth.
Results of statistical analysis showed that
Malondialdehyde levels had a significant decrease
after 8 weeks of aerobic activity in the experimental
group compared to the control group. The results of
the study was not consistent with study(19).
However, such contradictions can be related to
nutritional status, exercise intensity levels of
exercise, physical fitness, and methods used to
measure oxidative stress. The results of this research
agrees study(20,21). Aerobic activity requires 15-10
times more oxygen than resting. Following the
increase in oxygen uptake by the cells, the electron
transport chain and thus release ROS, especially in
muscle and red blood cells also increased. This is
likely to lead to oxidative stress (22). Antioxidant
system capacity and efficiency of the system are two
different categories. For example, it has been shown
that regular exercise increases, activity of antioxidant
enzymes superoxide dismutase such as glutathione
peroxidase and This provides a protective factor
against oxidative stress (8). Second, it is possible that
the concentrations of some antioxidants (enzymatic
and non-enzymatic) change without affecting the
total antioxidant capacity (15). So maybe beneficial
adaptations in the oxidation system and restore the
body's oxidation has been able to prevent subsequent
increasing free radicals and oxidative stress. It seems
that the adaptability of two antioxidant defense
system of the body is also the result of regular
exercise and can occur due to the repeated exposure
of cells to ROS are produced by exercise (16).
Regardless of the limitations of this study, including
small sample size in each group, the lack of
emotional control and anxiety during exercise and
also reported lack of physical activity outside
training period, the results of this study showed that
regular aerobic exercise reduces levels of IL-6, CRP
and Malondialdehyde. Hence, recommended that this
exercise is an effective alternative therapy in the
treatment of obese young men. Accordingly, obese
young men are advised to perform regular aerobic
activities.
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