Chapters 2-4 Review
Native Americans
• forced to live on reservations; lost their land
• Dawes Act
▫ purpose to “Americanize” Native Americans
Transcontinental Railroad
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connected East and West Coasts of U.S.
encouraged settlement of West
Union Pacific- mostly Irish immigrant workers
Central Pacific- mostly Chinese immigrant
workers
Growth of Industry
period after Civil War to early 1900s
• Inventors and inventions
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Alexander Graham Bell- telephone
Thomas Edison- Electric lightbulb
Henry Ford- Assembly line
Elias Howe- sewing machine
Big Business
• Monopolies- The control of the supply of
goods or services in the market place by one
company.
• Carnegie- leader in the steel industry
• Rockefeller-leader in the oil industry
Rise of Labor Unions
• created to change poor working conditions in the
factories
• goals of better pay, higher wages, and safer working
conditions
▫ Knights of Labor- early labor union; unskilled
workers
▫ AFL- early labor union; skilled workers
▫ Strikes- A work stoppage by employees intended to
force employers to agree to their demands.
▫ Collective bargaining-Negotiations between
organized labor and management or the employer of a
company
Immigration
• found jobs in factories; lived in cities (ethnic
neighborhoods)
• Old immigrants- from Northern and Western
Europe
• New immigrants- from Eastern and Southern
Europe
• Nativists- against immigrants; felt immigrants
were taking jobs from Americans; wanted to
limit the number of immigrants (quotas)
Farmers
 Grange-organization of farmers
 Populists Party- A political party composed of
farmers and union members whose goal was to
limit the power of big business
 wanted secret ballots, 8-hour workday, public
ownership of railroads, limits on immigration