1 SEM
CFA
Computer Fundamental and Aplication
MODULE 2
Learning Objective of the chapter






Computer organization
Central Processing Unit
Computer memory
Storage device
Input and output units
Modem
Note: Modules are the guidelines for learning the syllabus. For further detail reference, refer the
recommended reference books.
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Computer Organization
Computers components can be divided in to two different types:
Hardware
Software
Hardware refers to any component that has a physical presence. If you can touch it then it is hardware.
This can include things like the CPU, hard-drive, printer, mouse and so on. Software refers to computer
programs which control how the hardware behaves. Some examples of software include Operating
System, word processors, databases, games and utilities.
HARDWARE DEVICES
There are five different types of hardware device. The five types are:
Input Devices
Processing Devices
Storage Devices
Communication Devices
Output Devices
These are shown in figure below:
Fig 1.1 block diagram of components of computers
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
INPUT DEVICES
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input
devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it,
much like a TV. Below is a complete listing of all the different computer input devices
that can be used on a computer.
Barcode reader
Digital camera
Gamepad
Joystick
Keyboard
Microphone
Mouse (pointing device)
Track ball
Scanner
Webcam
List of input devices
DEVICES
Keying devices
Pinched card readers
Keyboard
Point-of –sales (POS)
readers
Pointing devices
Mouse,
Touch screen
Track ball
Light pen
Joy stick
For Private circulation only
Optical character
recognition
(devices that can scan
characters)
Handwriting
recognizers
Barcode scanner
Voice recognizers (data
Wand reader
entered by voice)
Optical mark reader
Other devices
Optical character reader
Magnetic ink character
(OCR)
devices (MICR)
Cordless reader
ATM, cameras, smart
cards, telephone
Digitizers (for maps and
graphs, etc)
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Keyboard
Keyboard is the standard input device used for entering the data into a computer by pressing one key
at a time. Earlier, Herman Hollerith developed the first keypunch devices, which soon evolved to include
keys for text and number entry akin to normal typewriters by the 1930s. The layout of the keyboard is just
like a typewriter of the type QWERTY. It has 101 keys arranged in four groups. The keys are often
classified as :






Alphanumeric keys (letters)
Numeric keys (numbers)
Function keys (f1 to f12)
Cursor movement keys (arrow keys)
Modifier keys (ctrl, alt and shift)
Special keys(enter, back space spacebar, tab, caps log etc)
Ergonomic keyboard
An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard designed with ergonomic considerations to minimize
muscle strain and a host of related problems. Typically such keyboards for two-handed typists are
constructed in a V shape, to allow right and left hands to type at a slight angle more natural to the human
form.
POINTING DEVICES
Mouse
Mouse is an input device which is used with personnel computer. It controls the movement of
cursor or pointer on a display screen. Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI
International) invented the first mouse prototype in 1963 with the assistance of his lead engineer Bill
English.
Terms used in muse operations:
Mouse pointer refers to the arrow on the screen that moves when mouse is moved
Point : position the mouse pointer on some items of the screen
Clicking , pressing and quickly releasing the left or right click either single click or double click
There are three types of mouse :
1. Mechanical mouse
The mechanical mouse requires a ball to move the cursor on the screen. To get more
efficacies with this type of mice, a flat surface named mouse pads is necessary. A rubber or
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
metal ball on its bottom can roll in all directions. Mechanical sensor detect the direction of the
ball helps in moving the screen pointer.
2. Optical Mouse
The optical mouse uses a laser; precisely an optical sensor to help detecting the mouse’s
moving. More expensive than the two other types, the optical mouse offer more precision and
speed and even can be used on any surface. Response better than the other two. More
expensive than other two.
3. optomechanical or optical-mechanical mouse
The optomechanical or optical-mechanical mouse is a combination of the optical and the
mechanical technologies. It uses a ball but detects the mouse movement optically. It is now the
most commonly used with PC.
4. Latest kind of mouse in use
The cordless mouse uses the wireless communication technology (via infrared, radio or
Bluetooth) to transmit data to the computer. And like the wireless, it doesn’t use any cord.
Trackball
A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a
rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball. The
user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers, or the palm of the hand to move a cursor.
Touch screen
An alternative to the mouse or other screen realted devices is a touch screen. The user
activates an object on the screen by touching with his or her finger. It is a light device that
accepts data by the placement of the finger on the screen.
Touch pad
It is another pointing devices on small portable computer. By moving fingers or any other object
along a sensitize surface on the keyboard it track the movement of the pointer on the screen.
Joystick
It is like a miniature or gear laser use for gaming purpose. A joystick, also known as the control
column, is the principal control device in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
a center stick or side-stick. It often has supplementary switches to control various aspects of the aircraft's
flight.
OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION DEVICES
Scanner
Scanner is an optical device which scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and
converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or
flatbed) scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners,
where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used
for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other
applications. which input any graphical matter and display it back.
MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, is a character recognition technology used
primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The technology allows
computers to read information (such as account numbers) off printed documents. Unlike
barcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.
Optical Mark Reader
This technique is used when students have appeared in objective type tests and marked
their answers by darkening a square or a circle.
OMR are used to identify standardized test and surveys. Optical character recognition (OCR) – This
device has the ability to read and decode written characters on a piece of paper by comparing a
pattern with a set of patterns stored inside the computer.
Digitizing Tablet
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
It is a device that allows you to enter drawings and sketches into a computer.It consists of a
tablet and a cursor or a pen with an electronic head.The movements of the pen are
translated in digital signals
Barcode reader
It is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. It consists of a decoder circuitry to
scan the barcode image data.
Digital Camera
It is a camera that takes video or still photographs.It has the capacity to store hundreds of
pictures in memory and display it instantly after the photograph is taken.Digital cameras
are incorporated into many devices ranging from mobile phones to PDA’s.The hubble space
telescope and other astronomical devices is essentially a specialized digital camera.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Any device which receives or displays output from a computers are called output device. The most
popular output device is VDU (video display unit). There are three kinds of output devices:
 Monitors
 Printers or plotters
 Sound system.
MONITORS
The monitors are the most commonly used output device of the computer. There are three types of
monitors available :
1. CRT Monitors
CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors look lot like a television screen. This types of monitors uses a
large vacuum tube called cathode ray tube. In a CRT monitor, the electron gun create many
different colors and hues from three primary colours :
Red
Green
Blue
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
The inner side of the screen has a large tiny phosphorus dots called pixel, which respond to
electronic beam by displaying different colored light. It works exactly like television picture
tube, with an electronic gun shooting a beam of electron to illuminate the pixel on the screen.
The more pixels on the screen , the higher is the resolution or clarity of the image on the screen.
These monitors are available in different sizes eg. 15 inches, 17inches, 19 inches etc.
2. LCD monitors
Liquid crystal display monitors use special type of liquid crystal to display an image on the
screen . LCD monitors are also called as flat screen TFT ( Thin-film transistor) screen . They are
all around us -- in laptop computers, digital clocks and watches, microwave ovens, CD players
and many other electronic devices. LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than
CRTs. It is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any number of pixels filled with
liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in
color or monochrome.
3. Plasma Screen
Plasma display is a type of flat display screen, called a flat-panel display, used in some portable
computers. The secret of plasma technology lies between the two thin panels of mounted glass found
within the screen. The panels are comprised of network of pixels, tiny pockets of compressed gas.
Plasma computer monitors are less commonly used with computers due to their high operating
temperatures, high power consumption, and fixed resolution.
Latest kind of monitors
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED)
OLED monitors use OLED pixels to project images. This type of monitor does not need backlight functions. OLED monitors use the concept of electrophosphorescence. Current is used
to illuminate electrodes to help produce light and eventually visuals. There are different types
of OLED monitors currently in development. These include matrix types and screens using
thin film transistors. OLED monitors are very thin and light.
Alternatives input device …
 Speech (also for text input)
 Gaze input - via reflections of laser beam aimed at retina. Here with pointing via data
glove
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
 Brain activity input - this neural network system distinguishes 5 brain patterns - for up,
down, L, R & click
Printers
Printers provide information in the readable form. The important consideration while evaluating
printers are as :
 Image quality also known as print resolution is usually measured in dots per inch (dpi).
 Speed of the printer is measured in the terms of number of pages of text that computer can
print each minute. (PPM)
 Cost of operation involves the cost of ink or toner and maintenance that varies with the type of
printer.
There are two categories of printer available :
 Impact printer
 Non impact printers.
Impact Printers
Impact printer create image by using pins or hammers to press an inked ribbon against the paper, for
example typewriter, they use electromechanical mechanism which causes the hammers to strike against
a ribbon and the paper. Following are the example of impact printer :




Dot Matrix printers
Plotters.
Line printers
Daisy wheel printers
Dot Matrix printers
Dot matrix printers are commonly used where a carbon copy of a document is required when any
printing is done eg. Delivery challan, invoices etc. . the speed of dot matrix printers is measured in
characters per second(cps).These printers print characters as a pattern of dots formed by the ends of
small wires. The print head consist of matrix of tiny needles , typically seven rows with nine needles in
each (9* 7 matrix) , that hammers out characters in the form of patterns of tiny dots.
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Daisy wheel printers
Daisy wheel printers use an impact printing technology invented in 1969 by David S. Lee at Diablo Data
Systems. The daisy wheel is a flat disk. The disk has a set of spokes each having a single character
embossed at the tip. The hub of the wheel rotates to bring the desired character into position and is
then struck by hammer mechanism to form the image on the paper. These are also called letter quality
printers. They have a speed range of 10 to 75 characters per second, mainly used for word processing
applications.
Non Impact Printers
Non impact printers creates an image by spraying . ink instead of using pins or hammers to press
against the paper.
Inkjet printers
It consist of print heads , which has a number of small holes of nozzles.Images are created
by spraying ink on the paper through tiny nozzles.Colour inkjet printers have 4 nozzles
Cyan,Magenta,Yellow and Black.(CYMK printers)Today’s printers can print from 120
character per second.
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Laser Printers
In laser printer an electronically controlled laser beam traces out the desired
character to be printed on a photo conductive drum. The drum attract an ink toner
on to the exposed areas. This image is transferred the paper , which comes in
contact with drum . very fast printers print 10,000 lines per minute . these printer
give excellent outputs and can print a variety of fonts. Low speed laser printers,
which can print 4 to 16 PPM, are now popular.
Plotters
Plotters are a special kind of output device.They are used where printouts are required on
big drawing sheets.They are used by architects,civil engineers,interior decorators etc
Pen plotter prints output by moving a pen across the surface of a piece of paper. They can
draw complex line art, including text, but do so very slowly because of the mechanical
movement of the pens.
Line Printers
It prints a single line at a time. Speeds range from 300 lines per minute to 3000 lines per
minute. Quality of printing is poor but they are used for large volume reports in
organizations.
CPU (central Processing unit)
Block diagram of CPU
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Also known as processor is the brain of a computer. It is an is an electronic circuit that
executes computer programs. It is responsible for carrying out arithmetic and logic
functions as well as executing instructions to other components.
Main Components of a CPU are :
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit
2. Control Unit
3. Registers
Arithmetic Logic Unit:
It is the component of central processing unit which contains the basic operations or set of
instruction and applies them to data. As clear from the name, it performs arithmetic which
includes addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and logical operations which
includes compare numbers, letters and special characters
Control unit
The control unit maintains order within the computer system and directs the flow of traffic
and data. The component of CPU of a computer which organizes the processing of data or
commands is called Control Unit. Control Unit is an internal part of the CPU which coordinates the input and output devices of a computer. The functions performed by the
control unit vary by the internal architecture of the CPU. However basically its funtion is to
directs the entire computer system to carry out stored program instructions by
communicating with ALU and register. The CU uses instructions contained in Instruction
resgiter in order to decide which circuit needs to be activated. Moreover it also instruct the
ALU to either perform the arithmetic or logical operation.
Register
These are special, high-speed storage area within the Central processing unit. The data
must be represented in a register before it can be processed e.g. if two numbers are to be
multiplied, both numbers must be in registers, and the result is also placed in a register.
The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each (number of bits) help
determine the power and speed of a CPU i.e. 32-bit CPU is one in which each register is 32
bits wide. Therefore, each CPU instruction can manipulate 32 bits of data.
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
MEMORY
Computer storage is classified into two categories. They are :
1. Primary storage
2. Secondary storage.
Secondary storage
conductor
Primary
storage
Magnetic disk
Optical disks
secondary
Access speed increase
Storage capacity decrease
Semi
Magnetic Tape
Figure 2.1 comparison of storage media
From the above figure it is clear that the primary Storage media cost, speed are higher than
the secondary storage and storage capacity of the secondary storage device are higher than
the primary storage device.
Primary storage device
Primary storage is also called as internal storage or main storage.It is internal to the
computer, i.e. it lies within the CPU of a computer. There are two primary storage devices
popularly used. They are :
1. RAM
2. ROM
RAM (Random Access memory)
• RAM or Random Access Memory is the central storage unit in a computer system.
• It is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs and the data in
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
•
•
•
•
CFA
current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer’s processor.
The more RAM a computer has, the more data a computer can manipulate.
Random access memory, also called the Read/Write memory, is the temporary memory of a
computer.
It is said to be ‘volatile’ since its contents are accessible only as long as the computer is on.
The contents of RAM are cleared once the computer is turned off. The three main forms of
modern RAM are
• static RAM (SRAM),
• dynamic RAM (DRAM)
1. DRAM
Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of
data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. Since capacitors leak charge, the information
eventually fades unless the capacitor charge is refreshed periodically. Because of this refresh
requirement, it is a dynamic memory as opposed to SRAM and other static memory.
2. SRAM
Static random-access memory (SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory that
uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit. The term static differentiates it from dynamic RAM
(DRAM) which must be periodically refreshed. SRAM is more expensive and less dense than DRAM
and is therefore not used for high-capacity, low-cost applications such as the
main memory in personal computers.
ROM (Read only memory)
 ROM or Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which can only be read and
contents of which are not lost even when the computer is switched off.
 It typically contains manufacturer’s instructions. Among other things, ROM also stores an
initial program called the ‘bootstrap loader’ whose function is to start the computer software
operating, once the power is turned on.
 Read-only memories can be manufacturer-programmed or user-programmed.
 While manufacturer-programmed ROMs have data burnt into the circuitry, user
 programmed ROMs can have the user load and then store read-only programs.
 PROM or Programmable ROM is the name given to such ROMs.
There are various types of ROM are :
1.PROM (Programmable Read Ony Memory)
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Data stored in PROM cannot be altered. There are some applications where one may like to
store a program in ROM , which would normally not be changed. The ROM fabricated to write
programs on it are called PROM.
2.EPROM (Erasable Programmable read only memory)
If one feels that under certain situation he may need to alter the PROM. In this case EPROMS
are used as data stored in this memory can be erased and rewritten. Shining ultraviolet rays
erases information in such a ROM. The ROM may then be reprogrammed. Such a PROM is
known as EPROM.
3. EEPROM (Electrical Erasable programmable Read only Memory)
A special circuitry is required to erase the data stored in this ROM, so that they are not to be
removed from the socket while programming or reprogramming , this is the reason why it is
called Electrical erasable PROM.
CACHE MEMORY
Cache memory is similar to RAM. Except that it is extremely fast compared to normal memory
and used in a different way. IT makes the current programs and data available to CPU at a rapid
rate. As you may be aware that CPU speed is quite high compared to access time of main
memory. Therefore a technique used to compensate the mismatch between the CPU speed and
main memory is to employ an extremely fast and small memory between and CPU and main
memory, whom access time is close to processing speed of the CPU . this type memory is called
as buffer or cache memory.
Secondary memory
Often the storage capacity of the main memory is limited , it is also necessary to store large
amount of data for future reference and processing , as a results an auxiliary memory or
secondary memory is used with most of the computer system. There are many types of
secondary storage devices such as :
Hard Disk
Floppy disk
Compact disk
Magnetic Tape
Hard Disk
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
The surface of diskettes , hard disk , floppy disks and magnetic Tape are coated with a magnetically
sensitive material such as iron oxide that reacts with magnetic field. Hard Disk contains multiple disks,
which are called as platters as they are made of aluminum. Each platter is covered with magnetic
material and the entire unit is encased in a sealed chamber. This seated chamber consists of paltters ,
motor that spins the platter and a read write head. As you cannot remove the disk from its drive it is
called hard disk or hard drive. Data stored on these platters are stored in tracks and sectors. Tracks are
the concentric circles on the platter. They are numbered from outermost circle to the innermost
starting from zero. A Sector can store upto 512 bytes.
Floppy disk
Floppy disk stores the data in the similar manner the way the hard disk stores, i.e, on tracks
and sectors. The only difference is that of material used in floppy is plastic coated with iron
oxide instead aluminum platters used in hard disk. The flexible hard disk is encaed in a square
jacket , which is made up of cardboard or plastic to provide protection to the magnetic
surface. The floppies of 51/4 inches diameter were introduced with storing capacity of 1.2 MB
and 31/2 inches diameter were introduced with a storing capacity of 1.44 MB of data.
Compact disk
The most popular alternative to magnetic storage system are optical storage system. The most
widely used optical system is compact Disk (CD) this optical disk storage system uses laser
beams of varying intensity for writing and reading on a thin metal surface. While writing on
the CD this beam creates tiny pits on the surface along the predetermined tracks. While
reading the data from the CD-ROM the laser beam reflected from pits and the lands are
different. Land is the flat surface , which reflects the laser beam back to prism and sensor and
therefore reads it as 1. There are different catgeries of CD available in market nowdays . some
them are listed below :
WORM – write once and read many – once the data are written on this cannot be changed .
data can be written only once.
CD-ROM – (compact disk – read only memory) – as the name says you can only read this CD ,
you can write on this. Eg Audio or video CD.
Re-Writable CD (CD_RW) – as the name suggests you can write and read data multiple times.
DVD (Digital Video Disk/DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK) – it can store more data than CD and require
DVD drive to read the data from it. Storage capacity of CD-ROM is 700MB of data or 80 minutes
of audio where as DVD can store 4.2 GB of data. The first CD-ROM drive read the data at the
speed of 150 kbps (kilo bytes per second) and today’s CD-ROM drive’s speed is expressed as a
multiple of the original drive’s speed 32x, 36x, 52x, and so on.
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Magnetic Tape
This is a serially accessed memory unlike others which are randomly accessed. They were most
popular secondary storage device used in the 1st three generations. The magnetic tape was ½
inch wide coated with iron oxide. The tapes are used in spools or reels. The length of the tape
varies from 100 feet to 2400feet. The unit of measure for the tape density is bytes per inch
(BPI)
MODEM
Modem is a device used to connect your computer to internet. This device performs
modulation and de-modulation of signals. The name Modem is actually based on this two
terms. Modem Converts the digital signal to analog signal and vice versa. Computer work with
digital signals and telephone line works with analog signals. When a computer is connected to
internet, modem converts the digital signal to analog signal so that the data can travel through
telephone line, and when this data reaches the destination computer the modem over there
converts the analog signal received from telephone line to digital signal which could be then be
understood by the computer.
References BOOKS for the Chapter:
1. Fundamental of computers by C.S.V Murthy, Himalaya publisher
2. Computer fundamentals by Sangita Sardana , Kalyani Publisher
3. . Sinha. Computer Fundamentals BPB Pub.
4. Computer fundamentals by Gurvinder Singh , Kalyani publisher
QUESTIONS
MCQ (multiple choice questions)
1 Marks
Q1. CD-ROM stands for
a.Compactable Read Only Memory
b. Compact Data Read Only Memory
c. Compactable Disk Read Only Memory
d. Compact Disk Read Only Memory
2. ALU is
a.Arithmetic
Logic
.b.Array
Logic
c.
Application Logic
d. None of above
1. VGA is
a. Video Graphics Array
b. Visual Graphics Array
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
Unit
Unit
Unit
1 SEM
CFA
c. Volatile Graphics Array
d. Video Graphics Adapter
2. MICR stands for
a. Magnetic Ink Character Reader
b. Magnetic Ink Code Reader
c. Magnetic Ink Cases Reader
d.
None
4. Dot-matrix is a type of
a.Tape
b. Printer
c. Disk
d. Bus
5. he two kinds of main memory are:
a.Primary and secondary
b. Random and sequential
c. ROM and RAM
d. All of above
6. A kind of serial dot-matrix printer that forms characters with magnetically-charged ink sprayed dots is
called
a. Laser printer
b. Ink-jet printer
c. Drum printer
d. Chan printer
7. Which printer is very commonly used for desktop publishing?
a. Laser printer
b. Inkjet printer
c. Daisywheel printer
d. Dot matrix printer
8. A/n …. Device is any device that provides information, which is sent to the CPU
a. Input
b. Output
c. CPU
d. Memory
9. Which of the following is not an input device?
a. OCR
b. Optical scanners
c. Voice recognition device
d. COM (Computer Output to Microfilm)
10. The central processing unit (CPU) consists of
a. Input, output and processing
b. Control unit, primary storage, and secondary storage
c. Control unit, arithmetic-logic unit and primary storage
d. Control unit, processing, and primary storage
11. Which is considered a direct entry input device?
a. Optical scanner
b. Mouse and digitizer
c. Light pen
d. All of the above
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
12. EEPROM stand for
a.
Electrically
Erasable
Programmable
b.
Easily
Erasable
Programmable
c.
Electronic
Erasable
Programmable
d. None of the above
13. Which of the following is not an input device
a. scanner
b. printer
c. flat screen
d. Touch screen
14. Which of the following is used as a primary storage device?
a. Magnetic drum
Read
Read
Read
Only
Only
Only
Memory
Memory
Memory
b. PROM
c. Floppy disk
d. All of these
15. Which of the following devices can be used to directly input printed text?
a. OCR
b. OMR
c. MICR
d. All of above
16. The output quality of a printer is measured by
a. Dot per cm
b. Dots per inch
c. Dots printed per unit time
d. All of above
17. The two kinds of main memory are:
i) Primary and secondary
ii)
Random
iii) ROM and RAM
iv) All of above
and
sequential
18. Storage capacity of magnetic disk depends on
A)
Tracks
B)
Bits
C)
Disk
D) All of above
per
per
pack
inch
inch
in
of
of
disk
surface
tracks
surface
19. Which of the following is the largest manufacturer of Hard Disk Drives?
A)
B)
C)
D) 3M
IBM
Seagate
Microsoft
20. Which is the type of memory for information that does not change on your computer?
A)
B)
C)
D) RW / RAM
For Private circulation only
RAM
ROM
ERAM
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
CFA
Part–B
2 Marks
Q1. Define Modem?
Q2. Define the term Hardware?
Q3. What is an input device?
Q4.Name any four output device?
Q5. What are the different types of printers?
Q6.Name any two pointing devices?
Q7. What is the use of scanner as input device?
Q8. Explain the purpose of OMR and OCR?
Q9.Distinguish between trackball with a mouse?
Q10.Exaplin the different types of Disks we use on computers ?
Q11.Expalin the following terms:oCR;OMR:MICR?
Q12.Distinguish between primary storage and secondary storage drive> give example?
Q13. What is the function of RAM and ROM?
Q14.Expalin the different types of magnetic disk?
Q15. What do you mean by plotter?
Q16.Write a note on :WORM;DVD?
Q17. Distinguish between impact printer and non impact printer?
Q18. List the main features of Dot matrix printers?
Q19.Explain the term tracks and sectors.
Q20.What do you mean by formatting?
Part–C
Marks 5
Q1.Comapre the storage capabilities of floppy, and CD?
Q2.Explaiin the different types of input devices?
Q3. Explain different types of output devices?
Q4.How is printer classified? Explain each one of them?
Q5.Explain the block diagram of computer.
Q6.Explain the difference between magnetic and optical storage devices with example.
Q7.Expalin the function of CPU with sketch.
Q8.Exaplin the different types of ROM.
Q9.Explain the different types of secondary storage device.
Q10.Write a note on keyboard and its type.
***************************************************************************************************************
For Private circulation only
complied by Dr. Anita walia
1 SEM
For Private circulation only
CFA
complied by Dr. Anita walia