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Romeo and Julietにおける作者的存在の操作
宮下, 弥生
日本英文学会北海道支部第48回大会. 平成15年10月4日∼平成15年10月5日. 札幌市.
2003-10-04
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39212
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RomeoandJulietにおける作者的存在の操作
日本英文学会北海道支部第48回大会
2003年10月4日
於 北海道大学
北海道大学助手 宮下 弥生
１．Prologueによる位置付け
(1)
Chorus
Twohouseholds,bothalikeindignity,
InfairVerona(wherewelayourscene),
Fromancientgrudgebreaktonewmutiny,
Wherecivilbloodmakescivilhandsunclean.
Fromforththefatalloinsofthesetwofoes
5
Apairofstar-crossedloverstaketheirlife;
Whosemisadventuredpiteousoverthrows
Dothwiththeirdeathburytheirparents'strife.
Thefearfulpassageoftheirdeath-markedlove,
Andthecontinuanceoftheirparents'rage,
10
Whichbuttheirchildren'sendnoughtcouldremove,
Isnowthetwohours'trafficofourstage;
Thewhichifyouwithpatientearsattend,
Whathereshallmiss,ourtoilshallstrivetomend.
(ThePrologue.Emphasisadded)
２．登場人物の科白に死ぬ運命を重ねる操作---層を成すtext
(2)Thereisnoquestionbutthatthemoststrikingfunctionoftheimageryas
backgroundandundertoneinShakespeare'sartisthepartplayedbyrecurrent
imagesinraisingandsustainingemotion,inprovidingatmosphereorin
emphasisingatheme.
ByrecurrentimageryImeantherepetitionofanideaorpictureintheimages
usedinanyoneplay.ThusinRomeoandJulietthedominatingimageislightwith
itsbackgroundofdarkness,...(Spurgeon,213.Emphasisadded)
(3)Itisacuriousthingthatthepartplayedbyrecurrentimagesinraising,
developing,sustainingandrepeatingemotioninthetragedieshasnot,sofarasI
know,everyetbeennoticed.Itisapartsomewhatanalogoustotheactionofa
recurrentthemeor'motif'inamusicalfugueorsonata,orinoneofWagner's
operas.
(Spurgeon,309)
(4)Therecanbenoquestion,Ithink,thatShakespearesawthestory,initsswift
andtragicbeauty,asanalmostblindingflashoflight,suddenlyignited,andas
swiftlyquenched....Thesensationofswiftnessandbrilliance,accompaniedby
dangeranddestruction,isaccentuatedagainandagain.
(Spurgeon,312.Emphasisadded)
(5)ROMEOIfeartooearly,formymindmisgives
Someconsequenceyethanginginthestars
Shallbitterlybeginhisfearfuldate
Withthisnight'srevels,andexpiretheterm
Ofadespisedlifeclosedinmybreast,
Bysomevileforfeitofuntimelydeath.
ButHe,thathaththesteerageofmycourse
Directmysail!On,lustygentlemen.
(1.4.106-13.Empasisadded)
(6)JULIETWell,donotswear.AlthoughIjoyinthee,
Ihavenojoyofthiscontracttonight,
Itistoorash,toounadvised,toosudden,
Toolikethelightning,whichdothceasetobe
Ereonecansay'Itlightens'.
(2.2.116-20.Empasisadded)
(7)FRIARLAWRENCEInonerespectI'llthyassistantbe:
Forthisalliancemaysohappyprove
Toturnyourhouseholds'rancourtopurelove.
(2.3.90-92)
(8)JULIETOthink'stthouweshallevermeetagain?
ROMEOIdoubtitnot,andallthesewoesshallserve
Forsweetdiscoursesinourtimestocome.
JULIETOGod,Ihaveanill-diviningsoul!
MethinksIseetheenow,thouartsolow,
Asonedeadinthebottomofatomb.
Eithermyeyesightfails,orthoulook'stpale. (3.5.51-57.Empasisadded)
(9)ROMEOIsite'enso?thenIdefyyou,stars!
(5.1.24)
(10)ROMEO
O,here
WillIsetupmyeverlastingrest,
Andshaketheyokeofinauspiciousstars
Fromthisworld-weariedflesh.
(5.3.109-12.Emphasisadded)
(11)Thecharactersarefrequentlysayingthingswhich,inthecontextoftheplay
butunknowntothemselfves,haveadeeperandmorecruelmeaning.
(T.J.B.Spencer,19)
３．出来事の呈示の順序---構成上の操作
(12)１幕５場の構成とテーマ
1.4.106-13 Romeoの不吉な胸騒ぎ
「死」
1.5.42-52 恋に落ちJulietの美しさを讃えるRomeo 「愛」「死」
1.5.53-58 Romeoの声を聞きつけ怒るTybalt
「両家の怨恨」「死」
1.5.92-109 RomeoとJulietのsonnetとquartrain 「愛」
1.5.116-17、1.5.137-40 お互いの正体を知る
「愛」「両家の怨恨」「死」
(13)ROMEOOshedothteachthetorchestoburnbright!
Itseemsshehangsuponthecheekofnight
AsarichjewelinanEthiop'sear--Beautytoorichforuse,forearthtoodear:
Soshowsasnowydovetroopingwithcrows,
Asyonderladyo'erherfellowsshows.
Themeasuredone,I'llwatchherplaceofstand,
Andtouchinghers,makeblessedmyrudehand.
Didmyheartlovetillnow?forswearit,sight!
ForIne'ersawtruebeautytillthisnight. (1.5.43-52.Emphasisadded)
(14)TYBALTThis,byhisvoice,shouldbeaMontague.
Fetchmemyrapier,boy.Whatdarestheslave
Comehither,cover'dwithananticface,
Tofleerandscornatoursolemnity?
Now,bythestockandhonourofmykin,
Tostrikehimdead,Iholditnotasin.
(1.5.53-58.Emphasisadded)
(15)ROMEO[ToJULIET]IfIprofanewithmyunworthiesthand
Thisholyshrine,thegentlesinisthis,
Mylips,twoblushingpilgrims,readystand
Tosmooththatroughtouchwithatenderkiss.
JULIETGoodpilgrim,youdowrongyourhandtoomuch,
Whichmannerlydevotionshowsinthis,
Forsaintshavehandsthatpilgrims'handsdotouch,
Andpalmtopalmisholypalmers'kiss.
ROMEOHavenotsaintslips,andholypalmerstoo?
JULIETAy,pilgrim,lipsthattheymustuseinprayer.
ROMEOO,then,dearsaint,letlipsdowhathandsdo:
Theypray,grantthou,lestfaithturntodespair.
JULIETSaintsdonotmove,thoughgrantforprayers'sake.
ROMEOThenmovenotwhilemyprayer'seffectItake.
Thusfrommylips,bythine,mysinispurged.
[Kissingher.]
JULIETThenhavemylipsthesinthattheyhavetook.
ROMEOSinfrommylips?Otrespasssweetlyurged!
Givememysinagain.
[Kissingheragain.]
JULIET
Youkissbythebook. (1.5.92-109)
(16)ROMEO
IssheaCapulet?
Odearaccount!mylifeismyfoe'sdebt.
(1.5.116-17)
(17)JULIETMyonlylovesprungfrommyonlyhate!
Tooearlyseenunknown,andknowntoolate!
Prodigiousbirthofloveitistome,
ThatImustlovealoathedenemy.
(1.5.137-40)
(18)PRINCE
LetRomeohenceinhaste,
Else,whenheisfound,thathourishislast.
Bearhencethisbody,andattendourwill:
Mercybutmurders,pardoningthosethatkill.
Exeunt
(3.1.185-88)
EnterJulietalone.
JULIETGallopapace,youfiery-footedsteeds,
TowardsPhoebus'lodging;suchawaggoner
AsPhaetonwouldwhipyoutothewest,
Andbringincloudynightimmediately.
Spreadthyclosecurtain,love-performingNight,
Thatrunaways'eyesmaywink,andRomeo
Leaptothesearms,untalkedofandunseen:
Loverscanseetodotheiramorousrites
Bytheirownbeauties,oriflovebeblind,
Itbestagreeswithnight.Come,civilNight,
Thousober-suitedmatronallinblack,
Andlearnmehowtoloseawinningmatch,
Playedforapairofstainlessmaidenhoods.
Hoodmyunmannedblood,batinginmycheeks,
Withthyblackmantle,tillstrangelovegrowbold,
Thinktrueloveactedsimplemodesty.
(3.2.1-16)
(19)JULIET'Romeoisbanished':tospeakthatword,
Isfather,mother,Tybalt,Romeo,Juliet,
Allslain,alldead.
(3.2.122-24)
(20)ROMEOThereisnoworldwithoutVeronawalls,
Butpurgatory,torture,hellitself:
Hence'banished'isbanishedfromtheworld,
Andworld'sexileisdeath;then'banished',
Isdeathmistermed.
(3.3.17-21)
(21)JULIETWiltthoubegone?Itisnotyetnearday:
Itwasthenightingale,andnotthelark,
Thatpiercedthefearfulhollowofthineear;
Nightlyshesingsonyonpomegranatetree.
Believeme,love,itwasthenightingale.
(3.5.1-5)
４．表現を得ていく恋人たち
(22)JULIETFainwouldIdwellonform,fain,faindeny
WhatIhavespoke,butfarewellcompliment! (2.2.88-89)
(23)JULIETMybountyisasboundlessasthesea,
Myloveasdeep;themoreIgivetothee,
ThemoreIhave,forbothareinfinite.
(2.2.133-35)
(24)ROMEOWithlove'slightwingsdidIo'erperchthesewalls,
Forstonylimitscannotholdloveout,...
(2.2.66-67)
(25)FRIARLAWRENCEWhat,rousethee,man!thyJulietisalive,
Forwhosedearsakethouwastbutlatelydead:
Thereartthouhappy.Tybaltwouldkillthee,
ButthouslewestTybalt:therearethouhappy.
Thelawthatthreateneddeathbecomesthyfriend,
Andturnsittoexile:thereartthouhappy.(3.3.135-40.Emphasisadded)
(26)ROMEOThoucanstnotspeakofthatthoudostnotfeel.(3.3.64)
(27)ROMEOIsite'enso?thenIdefyyou,stars!
(5.1.24)
(28)ROMEOThoudetestablemaw,thouwombofdeath,
Gorgedwiththedearestmorseloftheearth,
ThusIenforcethyrottenjawstoopen,
AndindespiteI'llcramtheewithmorefood.
(5.3.45-48)
(29)
[Parisstrewsthetombwithflowers.]
PARISSweetflower,withflowersthybridalbedIstrew-Owoe,thycanopyisdustandstones!-WhichwithsweetwaternightlyIwilldew,
Orwantingthat,withtearsdistilledbymoans.
TheobsequiesthatIfortheewillkeep
Nightlyshallbetostrewthygraveandweep.
(5.3.12-17)
(30)ROMEO
Eyes,lookyourlast!
Arms,takeyourlastembrace!
(5.3.112-13)
*RomeoandJulietからの引用は、WilliamShakespeare,RomeoandJuliet,ed.G.
BlakesmoreEvans,TheNewCambridgeShakespeare(Cambridge:CambridgeUP,
1984)による。
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層を成すテクスト
1.ChorusTwohouseholds,bothalikeindignity,
InfairVerona(wherewelayourscene),
Fromancientgrudgebreaktonewmutiny,
Wherecivilbloodmakescivilhandsunclean.
Fromforththefatalloinsofthesetwofoes
Apairofstar-crossedloverstaketheirlife;
Whosemisadventuredpiteousoverthrows
Dothwiththeirdeathburytheirparents'strife.
Thefearfulpassageoftheirdeath-markedlove,
Andthecontinuanceoftheirparents'rage,
Whichbuttheirchildren'sendnoughtcouldremove,
Isnowthetwohours'trafficofourstage;
Thewhichifyouwithpatientearsattend,
Whathereshallmiss,ourtoilshallstrivetomend. (ThePrologue)
2.ROMEOIfeartooearly,formymindmisgives
Someconsequenceyethanginginthestars
Shallbitterlybeginhisfearfuldate
Withthisnight'srevels,andexpiretheterm
Ofadespisedlifeclosedinmybreast,
Bysomevileforfeitofuntimelydeath.
ButHe,thathaththesteerageofmycourse
Directmysail!On,lustygentlemen.
(1.4.106-13)
3.ROMEOO,shedothteachthetorchestoburnbright!
Itseemsshehangsuponthecheekofnight
LikearichjewelinanEthiope'sear;
Beautytoorichforuse,forearthtoodear!
(1.5.43-46)
4.ROMEO
IssheaCapulet?
Odearaccount!mylifeismyfoe'sdebt.
(1.5.116-17)
5.JULIETGoaskhisname:ifhebemarried.
Mygraveisliketobemyweddingbed.
NurseHisnameisRomeo,andaMontague;
Theonlysonofyourgreatenemy.
JULIETMyonlylovesprungfrommyonlyhate!
Tooearlyseenunknown,andknowntoolate!
Prodigiousbirthofloveitistome,
ThatImustlovealoathedenemy.
(1.5.133-40)
6.ROMEOIhavenight'scloaktohidemefromtheirsight;
Andbutthouloveme,letthemfindmehere:
Mylifewerebetterendedbytheirhate,
Thandeathprorogued,wantingofthylove. (2.2.75-78)
7.JULIETWell,donotswear.AlthoughIjoyinthee,
Ihavenojoyofthiscontracttonight,
Itistoorash,toounadvised,toosudden,
Toolikethelightning,whichdothceasetobe
Ereonecansay'Itlightens'.
(2.2.116-20)
8.ROMEOOblessed,blessednight!Iamafeard.
Beinginnight,allthisisbutadream,
Tooflattering-sweettobesubstantial. (2.2.139-41)
9.FRIARLAURENCEInonerespectI'llthyassistantbe:
Forthisalliancemaysohappyprove
Toturnyourhouseholds'rancourtopurelove.
ROMEOO,letushence,Istandonsuddenhaste.
FRIARLAURENCEWiselyandslow,theystumblethatrunfast. (2.3.90-94)
10.FRIARLAURENCESosmiletheheavensuponthisholyact,
Thatafterhourswithsorrowchideusnot!
ROMEOAmen,amen!butcomewhatsorrowcan,
Itcannotcountervailtheexchangeofjoy
Thatoneshortminutegivesmeinhersight:
Dothoubutcloseourhandswithholywords,
Thenlove-devouringdeathdowhathedare;
ItisenoughImaybutcallhermine.
FRIARLAURENCETheseviolentdelightshaveviolentends
Andintheirtriumphdie,likefireandpowder,
Whichastheykissconsume.
(2.6.1-11)
11.JULIETGivememyRomeo;and,whenheshalldie,
Takehimandcuthimoutinlittlestars,
Andhewillmakethefaceofheavensofine
Thatalltheworldwillbeinlovewithnight
Andpaynoworshiptothegarishsun. (3.2.21-25)
12.ROMEOWertthouasyoungasI,Julietthylove,
Anhourbutmarried,Tybaltmurdered,
Dotinglikemeandlikemebanished,
Thenmightstthouspeak,thenmightstthoutearthyhair,
Andfallupontheground,asIdonow,
Takingthemeasureofanunmadegrave.
(3.3.65-70)
13.FRIARLAURENCEHastthouslainTybalt?wiltthouslaythyself?
Andstaythyladytoothatlivesinthee,
Bydoingdamnedhateuponthyself?
Whyrail'stthouonthybirth,theheaven,andearth?
...............
Thywit,thatornamenttoshapeandlove,
Misshapenintheconductofthemboth,
Likepowderinaskitlesssoldier'sflask,
Issetafirebythineownignorance,
Andthoudismember'dwiththineowndefence.
...............
Takeheed,takeheed,forsuchdiemiserable.
(3.3.116-45)
14.JULIETOthink'stthouweshallevermeetagain?
ROMEOIdoubtitnot,andallthesewoesshallserve
Forsweetdiscoursesinourtimestocome.
JULIETOGod,Ihaveanill-diviningsoul!
MethinksIseetheenow,thouartsolow,
Asonedeadinthebottomofatomb.
Eithermyeyesightfails,orthoulook'stpale. (3.5.51-57)
15.JULIETIndeed,Inevershallbesatisfied
WithRomeo,tillIbeholdhim--dead-Ismypoorheartforakinsmanvex'd.
Madam,ifyoucouldfindoutbutaman
Tobearapoison,Iwouldtemperit;
ThatRomeoshould,uponreceiptthereof,
Soonsleepinquiet.O,howmyheartabhors
Tohearhimnamed,andcannotcometohim.
TowreaktheloveIboremycousin
Uponhisbodythatslaughter'dhim!
(3.5.93-102)
16.JULIETDelaythismarriageforamonth,aweek;
Or,ifyoudonot,makethebridalbed
InthatdimmonumentwhereTybaltlies.
(3.5.199-201)
17.ROMEOIfImaytrusttheflatteringtruthofsleep,
Mydreamspresagesomejoyfulnewsathand.
Mybosom'slordsitslightlyinhisthrone,
Andallthisdayanunaccustomedspirit
Liftsmeabovethegroundwithcheerfulthoughts.
Idreamtmyladycameandfoundmedead
(Strangedreamthatgivesadeadmanleavetothink!),
Andbreathedsuchlifewithkissesinmylips
ThatIrevivedandwasanemperor.
(5.1.1-9)
18.ROMEOIsite'enso?thenIdefyyou,stars!
19.ROMEO
O,here
WillIsetupmyeverlastingrest,
Andshaketheyokeofinauspiciousstars
Fromthisworld-weariedflesh. (5.3.109-12.)
(5.1.24)