Institute for Higher National Defence Studies
Defence – Foreign policy – Armaments and defence economics
Train – Increase awareness – Disseminate information
Yesterday, history…
In 1948, the Institute for Higher National Defence Studies (IHEDN, Institut des hautes études
de défense nationale) succeeded the National Defence College of Higher Education (Collège
des hautes études de défense nationale), founded by Admiral Castex in 1936. The purpose of
that government-level institute was to train senior civil servants and military officials in
preparation for and conduct of the war, in a vision extending beyond the purely military
framework.
The IHEDN then saw its mission change as the defence of France was being thought out.
With the coming of the Fifth Republic, the Institute became the place where a comprehensive
and permanent defence policy was explained. The priority was no longer to train specialists
but to initiate government and private sector executives in defence issues. As a result of a
strategy conducted under the aegis of the concept of comprehensive defence, the IHEDN was
placed under the purview of the prime minister in 1979. It became the centre for spreading a
spirit of defence. In 1997, the Institute for Higher National Defence Studies became a public
administrative body with legal status and financial independence.
Thus, over the years, the Institute has responded to the nature of warfare and to the demands
put upon the nation against the backdrop of increasing globalisation. Regional sessions were
added to the national session (1954), international sessions (1980), economic intelligence
sessions (1995), seminars for young people (1996), targeted seminars and activities in support
of research into defence matters (1998). It is one of the forerunners of the European Security
and Defence College (2004).
… today, a re-modelled Institute…
In 2008, the French ambition to continue to live freely and in peace in a world of relative
powers undergoing re-structuring, led to the defining of the national security concept. The
aim of this strategy is to provide responses to all the risks and threats likely to adversely affect
the life of the nation.
This new situation naturally affected the Institute and strengthened the need for its existence.
It was re-organised into a “defence/foreign affairs” centre as called for in the White paper on
defence and national security published in 2008. It diversified and opened up nationally and
internationally. Its fields of competence focused on issues of defence, foreign policy,
armaments and defence economics.
In January 2010, the Institute merged with the Centre for Higher Armaments Studies
(CHEAr), contributed to training organised by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) and
moved closer to the National Institute for Higher Studies in Security and Justice (INHESJ).
With its strengthened identity, the new IHEDN is a centre for high-level training, reflection
and debate on strategic issues, open to the world and anchored in a European context.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
… with an extended remit…
on issues of defence, foreign policy, armaments and defence economics.
In this connection, the Institute brings together high-level managers from the civil service and
the military as well as from the various business sectors of the nation, from EU member states
and other countries, with a view to deepening their shared knowledge on issues of defence,
foreign policy, armaments and defence economics.
Furthermore, it contributes to the promotion and dissemination of all useful knowledge in the
three areas that it covers. To this end, it cooperates with other bodies responsible for the
dissemination of knowledge relating to defence matters and foreign policy, in particular,
universities and research centres.
Numerous adapted training programmes
For more than 75 years, through the diversity of its training and its civilian and military
auditors, both French and foreign, the IHEDN is a place where knowledge, awareness and
expertise are disseminated.
Depending on the areas they deal with, these training programmes take place in national
“Defence policy” and “Armaments and defence economics" sessions, in regional sessions, in
European courses and international sessions.
The Institute also organises targeted sessions, aimed at various audiences, members of
Parliament, local elected officials, magistrates, préfets, young people between the ages of 20
and 30, students from universities and the “grandes écoles”… as well as issue-specific
training such as economic intelligence and the civil/military management of external crises.
Every year, all the activities related to training, awareness and expertise of the Institute
involve approximately 10,000 auditors and participants.
Original teaching
Of a duration compatible with operational responsibilities at a high level, training is based on
sharing the experiences of senior managers from public service or civil society that go beyond
socio-professional and national segmentation.
This inductive teaching is based on a threefold approach:
- “committee work” where complementarity materialises;
- “conferences/debates” during which high level participants get to speak;
- “visits and study missions” in the field, giving a practical slant to the education
provided.
Decision making “scenario” exercises in a strategic environment and the collective writing of
“position papers” complete the teaching.
Study themes are defined using areas of current affairs, dealt with from defence, foreign
policy, armaments and defence economic policy angles.
Institute for Higher National Defence Studies
1 place Joffre, 75700 Paris SP 07
Communications manager, Linda Thisse: Tel. +33 (0)1 44 42 54 15 /+33 (0)6 77 13 70 29 / [email protected]
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
National sessions
The national “Defence policy” and “Armaments and defence economics” sessions aim at
deepening the understanding of senior managers on defence issues, foreign policy, armaments
and defence economics. They are intended for a more or less uniform socio-professional
audience for a given session. However diversification is a measure of the "cross fertilisation”
achieved through discussion between experienced auditors and those who ensure the
provision of room for collective reflection and debates on ideas.
Activities alternate between lectures given by senior defence managers, the armaments
industry and authorities renowned in their field, committee work calling for strategic
reflection, scenario workshops and study missions in France or abroad.
During their training, auditors are made aware of security issues through modules in common
with auditors from the INHESJ.
The lists of auditors, approved by the Prime Minister, are published in the Journal officiel.
The national “Defence policy” session
This training aims at deepening auditors‟ understanding of issues of defence and foreign
policy.
It takes place in Paris between September and June. It comprises some one hundred auditors,
French and foreign, aged 35 or more, coming from four professional areas:
- officers from the three armed forces, the national gendarmerie, the DGA (Direction
Générale de l’Armement, the French General Directorate for Armament) and the
administration;
- senior civil servants;
- executives and directors from various sectors of economic life;
- “qualified” persons: elected representatives, the media, managers of associations, trade
unions, professional bodies.
The annual activities are spread over 50 half-days of study, usually organised as all day
Friday plus Saturday morning, plus 30 days of study assignments in France or abroad, i.e. a
total of 55 days of training.
The national “Armaments and defence economics” sessions
The aim of this training is to extend auditors‟ understanding of problems relating to the field
of armaments and defence economics in the context of national security strategy.
They take place in Paris between September and June on Thursdays and Fridays. Every year,
they bring together some fifty top level French and foreign executives, representatives of the
DGA, the Ministry of Defence, the administration, defence industry directors and also
representatives from civil society. The total duration of the training is approximately 65 days.
Centred on armaments issues and more generally defence, with particular emphasis given to
defence economics and European construction, this training provides a better knowledge of
the industrial defence environment and strengthens links between its various components.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
International activities
In partnership with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) and the Ministry of Defence, the
IHEDN organises international sessions and bilateral seminars intended for top level civilian
and military managers.
The aim is to invite these foreign auditors to reflect on and discuss security and defence
issues, foreign policy and defence economics specific to their regions and familiarise them
with the French and European visions on these subjects.
The IHEDN also has a great many European activities, in particular relating to everything to
do with training, conducted in particular with the European Security and Defence College
(ESDC) and the European session for armaments managers (Sera). All the Institute‟s
international and European actions contribute towards the dissemination of French strategic
thinking.
International sessions (IS)
“Defence policy” IS
Since 1980, these international sessions, organised with the security and defence cooperation
department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, aim at training top level civil servants, general
and flag officers, ambassadors, academics and journalists in issues relating to defence policy.
The high level of the auditors optimises the influence-spreading effect. Recruitment is
conducted with the support of the French embassy in each of the countries concerned. The
sessions, both in English and French, are conducted in the strictest confidentiality.
They take place each year over eight days, based on the following activities:
- the IHEDN forum on the African continent (Fica) which welcomes some fifty
representatives from that continent‟s countries;
- the international Euro-Mediterranean session (Siem) which brings together some forty
auditors from most of the countries on either side of the Mediterranean;
- the international Asia/Middle East session (Siamo) which provides a unique
opportunity to bring together auditors from these two geographical areas;
- the international Latin America session (Sial) which brings together around thirty
auditors from Central and South America and the Caribbean.
“Armaments and defence economy” IS
Since 1994, in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and, for some sessions, with the
support of the MAE, they bring together foreign auditors with top level government or
industrial responsibilities, coming from a single geographical area. They provide auditors
with information, to help them assess the methods and functioning of bodies responsible for
carrying out defence equipment programmes. They revolve around the consideration of
armaments issues in their geo-political, strategic, economic and industrial context.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Held annually, they take the form of two specific types of training:
- The international “armaments and defence economy” sessions (IS) bring together
approximately fifteen top managers from foreign armaments industries over five
days. These sessions initiate them in the French armaments purchasing process and
present the French defence industry to them. There are four geographical areas
concerned: Latin America (Siamlat), Central Asia and the Caucasus (Sica), the
Middle East (Simo) and Southeast Asia (Siase).
- The "International Program Management" (IPM) sessions provide ten-day in-depth
training in the methods and tools for running armaments programmes. They are
aimed alternately at programme directors within state purchasing bodies in central
and Eastern Europe (IPM-Peco) and Latin America (IPM-Amlat).
Bilateral seminars
These bilateral seminars, which are one of the Institute‟s recent activities, form part of the
bilateral cooperation and international development policy. They are strategic reflection
seminars, organised jointly with counterpart institutes in France‟s partner countries. They are
aimed at high level civil and military auditors.
As international sessions do, bilateral seminars contribute to the dissemination of French
strategic thinking in foreign policy and defence economics. They take place alternately in
France and in the partner country.
The first ones took place in 2011 in Kuala Lumpur in partnership with the National Defence
University of Malaysia, then in March 2012 in Moscow in partnership with the Russian
Strategic Studies Institute and in May 2012 in Abu Dhabi with the Emirates Centre for
Security and Strategic Research. Others are planned with Poland and Brazil.
European activities
The European Security and Defence College (ESDC)
As the French correspondent of the European Security and Defence College (ESDC, a virtual
educational establishment, whose role is to promote understanding of security and defence
policy), the IHEDN represents France on the managing committee which is in charge of the
political guidance of the college in line with the general orientation of the common security
and defence policy and on the academic council, whose task it is to define programmes. The
Institute organises the modules and courses falling under the responsibility of France. This
training is aimed at military and civil servants in the 27 countries of the European Union,
international organisations and third countries.
The European session for armaments managers (Sera)
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Held annually since 1989, this session brings together around sixty top managers in European
administrations and industry, involved in armaments issues, over a period of four months, one
week a month. It takes particular account of the diversity of professional experience.
Sera develops a better mutual understanding, promotes European awareness and constitutes a
network with the aim of being involved in topics relating to armaments policy. It is now
recognised as the training at a European level, under the patronage of the AED.
Other activities related to promoting knowledge and expertise in the area of armaments take
place in various formats.
The Eurostamp seminar
Organised in partnership with the Bundeswehr Federal Academy in Mannheim, each year, it
brings together some twenty top level European managers (general officers and civilian
equivalents) for an information and discussion meeting.
Ideaa cooperation (International Defence Education and Acquisition Arrangement)
Since 1989, this has brought together universities and defence/armaments academies from the
United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Sweden, Australia, etc. to
promote discussions in the field of armaments. This cooperation results in study projects
conducted jointly and, in particular, in an annual seminar, organised in turn by the institutions
from the four main countries, including the IHEDN.
The IHEDN knowledge-sharing seminar in Brussels
Every year since 2009, the Institute has organised a one-day seminar in Brussels. The spirit of
the seminar is to identify synergies between the common security and defence policy and an
area of the work done by the European Commission. It strengthens the position of the Institute
in the European debate on security and defence issues.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Economic intelligence training
Created by the Institute in 1995, economic and strategic intelligence training is a response to
the necessity to integrate problems linked to the management of information, a strategic raw
material, in the concerns of those involved in economic matters. The aim is to raise
awareness in the area of economic and strategic intelligence (ESI) among executives and
managers in private and public companies and government.
The aim of this training is to take on board economic intelligence concepts and also to allow
participants to undertake or continue in-depth thinking on the structure of their companies or
their administrations and on the nature of their relations with their environment.
The “Economic and strategic intelligence” courses (ESI)
There are three courses scheduled each year. They take place over seven Fridays spread over two
consecutive months and each of them has approximately 30 participants.
These courses consist of approximately 15 lectures/debates, illustrated by practical examples, led
by personalities and specialists in the subjects tackled.
Issue-specific “Economic intelligence” seminars
Seven seminars are organised every year and they allow participants, already informed in the
subject, to have a better understanding of aspects of ESI. Lasting for two days, these seminars are
the opportunity for participants, restricted in number, to fine-tune their knowledge through
practical case studies on such topics as lobbying, crisis management, Internet surveillance and
financial markets.
Seminars on "Economic security and the protection of national assets"
These underline the reality and extent of the threats in political, military, economic, scientific and
industrial areas, and also the extent of the damage that they could cause to companies and the
nation as a whole.
They make participants aware of the risk of intrusions coming from external powers and interests,
with which they might be confronted, as they go about their business. They present the defensive
and offensive responses planned at government level to counter such threats.
Three seminars are organised every year in partnership with four organisations: the National
Agency for the Security of Information Systems (Anssi), the General Directorate of External
Security (DGSE), the Central Directorate for Internal Intelligence (DCRI) and the Directorate for
the Protection of Defence Security (DPSD).
Around thirty people take part in each of these seminars, which last two days. The aim is to
promote an awareness of economic security issues in executives in the administration, public
establishments, higher education, research and the private sector.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Training in the civil/military management
of external crises
Training in the civil/military management of external crises is a response to the necessity to
strengthen the expertise of those involved, public or private sector, in the management of
modern crises, since this management can no longer be done from a single civil or military
viewpoint. It is also aimed at instigating among them a “culture of dialogue” through better
mutual knowledge and understanding.
The aim is to train, in the inter-ministerial area of the “comprehensive approach”, those who
might be called upon to exercise their responsibilities in the management of external crises
(whether of a political nature or following a natural disaster) or who are already in such a
position in a country in crisis: civilian and military executives from ministries,
administrations, public and private organisations, international organisations (state or nonstate) and companies.
Created in 2010, six two-day training courses are organised every year, along various lines:
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course in awareness of the concept of “civilian/military management of external
crises”;
-
course in increased awareness, with a varying dominant theme, such as sectoral crisis
management policies, the reform of security systems (RSS) or the disarmament –
demobilisation – re-insertion (DDR) process. The role of private companies, still too
often underestimated, whereas, in reality, it is essential in the management of external
crises, is addressed during every course and is also the subject of a special session;
-
specialisation course with practical exercises, using actual or virtual scenarios of
external crises;
-
course organised in connection with the European Security and Defence College
(ESDC), open to participants from the 27 countries in the European Union for training
focused on the management of external crises by international institutions.
The courses are all led by top-level civilian and military personalities. Considerable time is
reserved for accounts given by public and private managers, who have had to manage an
external crisis in the field.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Regional training sessions
Regional sessions
Regional sessions are intended to make auditors aware, promote a defence and national
security culture, and even to improve their knowledge on these subjects and also international
issues. The audience comes from a wide spectrum, in order to optimise the necessary
collective awareness of defence and security issues by French society.
Since 1954, four regional sessions have been organised each year right across the country,
including overseas departments and territories.
They are made up of approximately 80 auditors, aged over 30, half of which come from the
public, military and civil sector and the other half from the private sector.
Activities take place over four periods of four days of work, spread over six weeks, followed
by two closing days. Mondays are kept free, to allow auditors to meet their professional
commitments.
Recruitment takes place four to six months prior to the start of each session. Candidates may
register at their prefecture (Inter-ministerial defence and civil protection department). They
may also upload their registration files to the Institute‟s web site www.ihedn.fr.
The list of auditors, approved by the Prime Minister, is published in the Journal officiel at the
end of each session.
IHEDN-Young People's Seminars
Four seminars a year, organised in the Paris region, in the provinces and overseas, bring
together approximately 80 young people of baccalaureate level or higher.
Over a week, these young people, coming from higher education or professional life,
familiarise themselves with defence and international relations problems, in the same way and
via the same educational process experienced by their elders, based on the three pillars:
lectures/debates, committee work and visits.
The seminars are organised to include overnight stays, so as to promote cohesion.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Training for young people
The Institute takes an interest in young people, whether they are students or young
professionals. Their commitment and the responsibilities, which they already have or will
have, make them a prime target audience. The IHEDN therefore developed training directed
specifically at them, provided since 1980 for students in universities and the „grandes écoles‟
and since 1996, for young people, students or professionals aged between twenty and thirty.
The aim is to make them aware of the major issues and challenges in defence and to
contribute towards the construction of a republican pact that binds all French people to the
State.
IHEDN-Young People's Seminars
Four seminars a year, organised in the Paris region, in the provinces and overseas, bring
together approximately 80 young people of baccalaureate level or higher.
Over a week, these young people, coming from higher education or professional life,
familiarise themselves with defence and international relations problems, in the same way and
via the same educational process experienced by their elders, based on the three pillars:
lectures/debates, committee work and visits.
The seminars are organised to include overnight stays, so as to promote cohesion.
“Defence/Geopolitics” Masters 2 seminars
These seminars, organised at the Ecole Militaire, bring together approximately 80 students at
masters 2 level.
"Defence-Geopolitics". Prepared in collaboration with the academic staff, they constitute a
deepening of and practical complement to their university education.
They take place three times a year and each one lasts a week. They comprise lectures/debates,
committee work and discussions with senior officers from the armed forces and the
gendarmerie, and also a visit to an operational unit.
Registration is via Masters course managers in the IHEDN‟s partner universities.
The “Grandes Ecoles” seminar
Over four days, this seminar brings together around one hundred students from the top
military schools and state bodies, and also from elite business and engineering schools (ENS,
HEC, Polytechnique, etc.).
This annual training has the aim of allowing the nation's future top executives to meet each
other and reflect together on problems and issues relating to defence.
“National cohesion and citizenship” seminar
Created in 2006, this seminar encourages a reflection and discussion of citizenship issues and
the dissemination of the spirit of defence within the nation.
It is aimed particularly at young executives in associations in the private and public sectors, as
well as at young elected representatives and teachers who exercise their responsibilities in
districts in Île-de-France.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
It is held annually and takes place over six days at the École Militaire.
Specialist seminars
Depending on the current situation and on demand, the Institute is able to provide adapted
seminars to companies, in particular as part of continuous training. They are organised
around lectures/debates with experts.
Seminars for “Local elected officials”
Some evidence was found that local elected officials, whether mayors, municipal, general or
regional councillors, and elected members of the consular chambers, by virtue of the
responsibilities that they exercise and their devotion to service in the local authority,
constitute a link in the chain, which it is essential to make aware of the realities and issues
involved in defence.
The seminar for magistrates on the “Major issues for defence and security”
As part of continuous training and in partnership with the French Ministry of Justice, an
annual seminar is organised for around thirty top magistrates over a period of two days.
The aim is to inform them about developments in threats linked to terrorism in particular and
to risks of all types.
The seminar for Préfets
In cooperation with the French Ministry of the Interior, the Institute organises a seminar
aimed at prefects, lasting a day and a half.
It makes participants aware of threats and their impact on the security of our society and
establishes links between major international issues and more local concerns.
The seminar for “parliamentary staff”
In collaboration with the National Assembly, the Senate and the European Parliament, a twoday seminar is held for parliamentary staff, to make them aware of defence issues which they
might have to deal with their elected representatives.
The “Awareness of national defence for defence attachés and young
diplomats”
As part of the education of young trainees in the Diplomatic and Consular Institute and in
partnership with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, an annual seminar is organised over a twoday period.
The aim is to familiarise trainees with the military world and to present to them the tasks
performed by the armed forces and the role of defence and armaments attachés, alongside of
whom they will work in embassies.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Support for research
Support for young researchers
This is aimed at students registered in French universities who have chosen to devote their
research work to defence issues, international relations, armaments and defence economics.
This support is demonstrated by the running of two annual programmes.
The IHEDN’s programme of financial support for doctoral students
The Institute has developed a programme of support aimed at students registered in social
science doctoral programmes, financed by the General Secretariat for Defence and National
Security (SGDSN). The successful candidates are selected on the basis of the dossiers
submitted by the IHEDN‟s scientific council, composed of academics and other qualified
persons, and chaired by the IHEDN‟s director. They benefit during the year from financial
support that pays their research costs, in particular those relating to field trips. The winners
also make up a team of researchers within the Institute and are therefore periodically called to
meet together and discuss the progress of their work.
The IHEDN’s “Science awards”
Created in 1998, they reward the best work done in research, masters 2 dissertations and
doctoral theses defended during the year, representing advances in knowledge on security and
defence topics and in the area of human and social sciences.
The “Science awards” thus encourage research students completing their masters 2 or
doctorate to continue their line of scientific research. “Special science awards” are also given
to military personnel who take a masters course or defend a doctoral thesis. All winners are
chosen by the IHEDN‟s science council.
Recognition of research and cooperation
The Institute aims at clarifying strategic concepts and major contemporary political and
strategic issues, in particular, by means of summaries of French and/or foreign thinking. It
also publishes scientific articles on its web site, mainly from researchers, and distributes
records of some symposia, lectures and round tables.
In areas relating to its work, the Institute may conduct, alone, or in cooperation with higher
education establishments or civilian and military research centres and various institutions,
studies and research, particularly in areas relating to the content of its training. It may also
provide support to ministries and higher education establishments.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
Debating
The Institute contributes to the renewal and dissemination of strategic defence thinking, to
serving the whole of the national community, through symposia, round tables and monthly
meetings such as “Mondays at the IHedn” or more exceptionally, depending on current affairs
as “Major witnesses”.
Symposia and round tables
The aim of symposia and round tables is to enable the Institute to participate in the strategic
debate through public events but also to constitute a laboratory of ideas for the benefit of the
Institute by testing the interest raised by the topics chosen. The success of the round tables
may be taken up in another form (as a subject for work, ad hoc training, etc.) over a longer
period.
“Mondays at the IHedn”
The “Mondays at the IHedn” meetings have emerged as one of the main places for public debate on
strategic defence and foreign policy issues. These monthly lectures, followed by a debating session, aim
to satisfy the appetite of an audience with a knowledge of the current issues presented by recognised
speakers on a study topic decided on for the whole year.
Sharing our ambitions
The IHEDN‟s circle of partners, together with the Institute, is eager to develop new areas for
action.
Sponsoring allows companies to develop their social responsibility while supporting projects
relevant to them.
 “Discovery” seminars, aimed at young people in deprived areas
 “National cohesion and citizenship” seminars in the regions
 Castex chair in cyber-strategy with support from the EADS enterprise Foundation
Four sponsors have already joined us:
EDF, Lafarge, SNCF, EADS enterprise Foundation
Two chairs in education/research are currently in preparation
 Armaments and defence economics
 France's strategic independence
IHEDN‟s circle of partners is set up in the form of an endowment fund.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr
The associations
Besides maintaining the links created during sessions or on the occasion of various training
courses, the associations of auditors (law 1901) work to promote the distribution of the
defence culture together with a collective awareness of the issues of defence and security.
The network that they represent within the country is a valuable aid to the IHEDN in its work
and it, in turn, provides them with constant support.
Since 1975, 42 associations have become members of the Union of Associations, UnionIHEDN, which has a membership of almost 10,000.
The AA-IHEDN national association, created in 1948, is made up of auditors from the
national sessions and Institute executives.
The 32 Région-IHEDN regional associations, created over time since 1955, bring together,
on a geographical basis, all auditors and participants in IHEDN training, whether they reside
in mainland France or overseas.
As new, specialist sessions are created, issue-specific associations have been created to
support the Institute‟s work.
- 1977: Afeds-IHEDN, Association for training and defence and security studies,
- 1988: Europe-IHEDN, Association of participants in European sessions of the IHEDN,
- 1996: Anaj-IHEDN, National association of young participants in HEDN-Jeunes seminars,
- 1999: I.E.-IHEDN, Economic intelligence association of participants in EI courses,
- 2004: Euromed-IHEDN, consisting of participants in international Euro-Mediterranean
sessions,
- 2006: Afrique-IHEDN, made up of participants in the “IHEDN forum on the African continent”
sessions,
- 2010: Amlat-IHEDN, made up of auditors of the international Latin America sessions,
- 2010: AMO-IHEDN, for auditors of international Asia/Middle East sessions,
- 2010: AACHEAr, Association of auditors and executives in higher armaments studies
joined the Union-IHEDN.
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Communications department
www.ihed n.fr