The Federal Bureaucracy: the 4th Branch of Government
________________ – a large, complex _____________________ that handles
the ____________________ of an organization
3 Principles of a Bureaucracy
1. ________________ – chain of command runs _________, down. Few
at the top have _____________ over those in the middle. Those in the
middle direct those at the bottom.
 ________________ over who has the __________ to make decisions.
2. ___________________ – each ______________ (person who works
for the organization) has _____________________________.
Division of labor.
 Promotes ____________ b/c everyone becomes good at their special job.
3. ____________________ – works according to a set of ____________
____________ and procedures. _______________!
 Workers can act w/ speed and precision b/c _____________________
_______________, not someone’s arbitrary likes or dislikes.
The ____________________ is considered a _________________ b/c it’s a
complex organization based on those principles above.
The Federal Bureaucracy is located in the __________________ (chart on pg 471).
This makes the President the _________________________.
Different ________ are given to the units of the executive branch:
 ________ – reserved for agencies of _________. Ex: Department of Defense
 _______________________ – near-cabinet status. Ex: Environmental
Protection Agency (___) or National Aeronautics Space Administration (____)
 _____________ – agencies that _____________________ (FCC) or
investigative, advisory, or reporting bodies (______________________)
 ______________________ – agencies that conduct ________________
(FDIC or Tennessee Valley Authority)
Staff vs. Line Agency
_______Agencies – serve in a ______________. Offer ________ and other
assistance to executive branch.
 Ex: National Security Council, White House Office
_______ Agencies – actually __________________ for which the organization
exists. They are __________ where the __________ is.
 Ex: Environmental Protection Agency
Congress & the Pres. give line agencies _______ to meet and staff agencies help them
meet those goals as ______________ as possible.
____________________________ (EOP): An umbrella organization of several
agencies staffed by the President’s ______________________.
 _________________ – “___________” of EOP. The President’s key
personal and political staff. “West Wing” Includes ____________, press
secretary, ____________, President’s physician, and others
 _________________________ – __________________ on all
domestic, foreign, and military aspects of the nation’s ______________
 Office of Homeland Security – oversees CIA, FBI, Coast Guard, FAA, and others
 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) – prepares federal ________ every
year and submits it to ______________
 Office of Faith-Based & Community Initiatives
 Office of National Drug Control Policy – led by “_____________”
 Council of Economic Advisors
Executive Departments (aka ________________________)
 Traditional units of federal _________________ and each of them is built
around some ______________ of activity (health, education, etc…)
 Each dept. is headed by a ____________, except _______________,
which is headed by the _____________________
o Must be confirmed by the __________________
 Started with ____ departments in 1789. As ___________________ of
federal gov’t ______, Congress added new departments
Role of Cabinet
 ____________ the administration of their executive _______________
 _________ the President
o Cabinet was created by ____, not by the ____________ and has
been followed as a ________. If President wanted to get rid of it, he
could.
Independent Agencies
 The _____ additional agencies created by Congress __________________
_____________________
1. ___________________________ – headed by a single administrator,
but _________________________.
 Can be large and important (NASA, _____), medium-sized (______
________), or small (Migratory Bird Conservation Commission)
2. ___________________________ – 10 agencies largely _______ the
reach of _________________________.
 Congress has given them _________________ powers, like
______________ and regulations that have the _____________
 And _________________ powers like when they ___________
in those matters over which they have power
 Examples: Securities & Exchange Commission, the Fed
3. __________________________ – set up by Congress to carry out
certain _________________________
 1st one was __________________________ in 1791
 Others include U.S. Postal Service, FDIC, Tennessee Valley Authority
The Civil Service
 Composed of ___________________ who perform the administrative work
of the government
 U.S. has more than ______________ Federal Gov’t employees
 Only _____________ work in D.C.
 President appoints _______ of the top positions (must be confirmed by _____)
 Rest are covered by the _____________________
History of Civil Service
 _____ (1789) appointed ppl that were qualified to fill government posts, but
________________________________
 ____________ (1801) came to office and found all of the posts filled by men
who politically or personally _____________, so he dismissed several hundred
Federalists and ______________with members of his own party – Dem.-Rep.
 _____________ (1829) said to be “_______” of the _________________
o Practice of giving ________ and other gov’t ________ to political
______________ and _____________
 Over the next ____ yrs, posts were filled by ppl __________________ and
gov’t became ______________ and sometimes _____________
 It took a _____________ to bring about major changes and finally establish
the civil service system
o _______ - President ___________ was ______________ by angry
_______________ that was mad b/c he was not appointed to high
diplomatic post
Civil Service Act of 1883 – the _________________________
 Laid the _______________ for the present civil service system
 Main purpose was to make ________, not _____________, the basis for
hiring, promotion, etc… in the federal workforce
 New _______ for civil service today: _________ and keep the ___________
ppl in the federal workforce