Using Effigy® Fire and
Gas Mapping Software
Part of the Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite
1
Using Effigy® Fire and Gas Mapping Software
Workbook and Discussion Guide
Kenexis Consulting Corporation – Columbus Ohio
2
Copyright Notice and Disclaimer
Copyright © 2014-2015, Kenexis Consulting Corporation
All Rights Reserved
3366 Riverside Drive
Columbus, OH 43221
e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.kenexis.com
Phone: +1 (614) 451-7031
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of Kenexis Consulting Corporation.
In preparing this work Kenexis Consulting Corporation did not research or consider patents
which may apply to the subject matter contained in this book. It is the responsibility of the
readers and users of the material in this book to protect themselves against liability for the
infringement of patents. The information and recommendations contained in this book are not
intended for any specific application, or applications, and are of a general informative nature.
As a result, Kenexis Consulting Corporation assumes no liability of any kind, however arising, as
a result of using the information contained in this book. Any equipment that might be
referenced in this work gas been selected by the authors as examples of technology. Kenexis
makes no endorsement of any product, either expressed or implied. In all instances, an
equipment manufacturer’s guidance and procedures should prevail regarding the use of specific
equipment. No representation, either expressed or implied, is made with respect to the
availability of any equipment, process, formula, or other procedures contained in this book.
3
Foreword
Fire and Gas Systems (FGS) constitute some of the most widely used yet difficult to design
safeguards in the process industries. Prior to the release of a risk-based standard for the design
of FGS, designs were traditionally implemented using rules of thumb and engineering heuristics.
These approaches have a flaw in that FGS were often unable to detect hazards due to an
insufficient number of, or poorly located detectors. This was due, at least in part, to the lack of
rigorous methods for evaluating the coverage of detector arrays. This flaw was addressed in the
International Society for Automation (ISA) technical report TR 84.00.07 – Guidance on the
Evaluation of Fire, Combustible Gas, and Toxic Gas System Effectiveness.
Since the release of the report, methods and tools for implementing performance-based
approaches have been developed by pioneering companies, such as Kenexis. The industry
leading tool for performing the quantitative analysis required to verify the coverage achieved by
arrays of gas and fire detectors is Effigy®, the fire and gas design basis module of the Kenexis
Instrumented Safeguard Suite (KISS). This workbook and discussion guide is the basis of a
training course that will help engineers and technicians to utilize the Effigy software in the
performance-based design of fire and gas systems. Giving insight and thorough explanation of
all of the features, both standard and advanced, that this sophisticated tool offers.
This workbook is intended to accompany Effigy training course lectures. The workbook in and of
itself does not contain a complete discussion of the Effigy software. The lectures, whether in
person or through recordings, and exercise solutions that accompany this book are an integral
part of the course material.
4
About Kenexis
Company Overview
Kenexis is a multinational engineering consulting company focused on assisting customers in the
process industries to implement instrumented safeguards; such as safety instrumented systems,
fire and gas systems, alarm systems, and relief systems. Kenexis utilizes its unique set of core
competencies of instrumentation and control system experience, process engineering
knowledge, and expertise in risk analysis, in combination with best-in-class proprietary software
tools, extensive databases of process industry equipment performance, and rigorous work
processes to develop instrumented safeguard design basis information that results in designs
that achieves our customers tolerable risk goals effectively and at the lowest overall cost.
Please consider the following points:
Unparalleled expertise – Kenexis has unparalleled expertise in Instrumented Safeguard Design
Basis Development and the associated Risk Analysis. Instrumented Safeguard Design Basis
Development and Verification/Validation is Kenexis’ only business, so our staff includes only the
most sought after experts. Kenexis staff is published in books and technical papers; work on
standards committees for ISA, NFPA, IEC, and ASME; and teach professional training at
universities.
5
Extensive experience – Kenexis and its principals and consultants have worked on a large
number of process industry applications, including upstream oil and gas, oil refining and
upgrading, and chemical production projects for a variety of operating companies. When
assisting in the development of a sound engineering design basis package, it is important to
know not only the techniques for performing a study, but also knowing the typical and expected
input parameters and results from similar operating equipment in order to ensure consistency
across similar installations in a single company and across industry as a whole. Kenexis has this
kind of experience having done over 700 projects in the last five years of business. In this
period, Kenexis has provided Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) and Fire & Gas Design Basis
development for well over 20,000 safety instrumented functions.
Comprehensive team capabilities – Due to the nature of Kenexis’ position in the industry as
virtually the only consulting organization dedicated to developing and verifying the design basis
of instrumented safeguards in process industry applications, we are able to field a complete
team of experts to accomplish this task without cumbersome partnering arrangements.
Companies that focus on safety instrumented system design do not have the resources required
to perform a comprehensive risk analysis and provide poor results, if they can provide them at
all. Process safety organizations that do not have expertise in safety instrumentation may be
able to perform LOPA and QRA studies, and typically perform ineffectual work due to their lack
of understanding of the F&G System. These firms are also not typically capable of performing
quantitative reliability (i.e., SIL verification) analysis of F&G system without engaging third party
assistance. Kenexis can perform comprehensive studies that begin with process hazards
analysis and continue all the way through conceptual design verification because we have
specifically designed our tools, work processes, staff selection and training for that purpose.
Best in Class tools – Kenexis has developed best-in-breed software toolkits for our engineering
consulting services. The Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite is a multi-site, multi-user cloud
based suite of design applications that includes Vertigo™ SIL verification and SRS development
software and Effigy™ fire and gas mapping software. This suite of applications forms a
comprehensive tool set for analyzing the risks posed by process plants and then converting the
analysis into concrete performance specifications for physical instrumented safeguards. Our
toolkit allows a comprehensive study in the same tool kit. This streamlined process allows our
projects to be executed at half of the time required for other tools and other approaches.
Independence – Kenexis was specifically started to avoid all possible conflicts of interest. We
felt that this structure was critical when preparing instrumented safeguard design basis
specifications. If the same company that prepares the design basis specifications profits from
detailed design engineering activities or equipment supply, then there is an inherent potential
conflict of interest when their specification decisions determine the future profitability of the
projects that they are involved in. Kenexis is absolutely free from this conflict of interest, by
design.
6
Competitive – Kenexis virtually always provides the lowest cost solution, in addition to being
the highest value. This is done with a combination of competitive pricing, and our previously
noted expertise and experience that allows us to complete projects at a fraction of the time
required by other consultants. Decreased project time not only decreases the fees paid to
consultants but also decreases the amount of expensive “team time” required for the study
when large amount of internal staff are held up in meetings instead of performing other valueadded tasks.
Company History
Kenexis was founded in 2004 by Ed Marszal and Kevin Mitchell. Ed and Kevin came together
after separately gaining expertise and experience in risk analysis and instrumented safeguard
design experience in process industry applications. Ed started his career at UOP, a licensor of oil
refining processes, where he was given responsibility for the development of process,
procedures and tools for the implementation of the ISA 84 (IEC 61511) standard for safety
instrumented system design. Kevin began his career at Technica, where he was responsible for
process hazards analysis and quantitative risk analysis, for process industry applications.
Subsequently, Ed co-founded and Kevin joined Exida one of the first consulting companies
focusing on safety instrumented systems.
In 2004, Kevin and Ed Decided to found Kenexis. The two founders wanted to create a company
that was focused on developing instrumented safeguard design basis engineering and was free
from entanglements with equipment vendors and detailed design engineering. Since the
inception of Kenexis, it has rapidly grown to service major clients on a global basis – while
maintaining the high level of expertise and quality upon which it was founded.
Resources
Kenexis is a great source of technical information. In addition to this training class Kenexis has a
wide variety of technical literature and software tools available at our web site. This
information includes handbooks – such as the Performance Based Fire and Gas Systems
7
Engineering Handbook – a great compliment to this course, white papers, conference papers
and presentations, calculation and document templates, information on other training courses,
and instructional videos.
Visit our web site at:
http://www.kenexis.com
8
About the Authors
Edward M. Marszal
Edward M. Marszal is the President and Chief Executive Officer of
Kenexis Consulting Corporation. Mr. Marszal is a long time
practitioner and pioneer of the techniques and tools associated
with the performance-based design and implementation of safety
instrumented systems and fire and gas systems, with over 20 years
of experience. Mr. Marszal is a prolific contributor to the body of
knowledge of instrumented safeguard design. He has written
dozens of technical papers, many of which were subsequently
published in technical journals. He has written numerous book
chapters, and has also written the award winning ISA publication,
Safety Integrity Level Selection – Systematic Methods including Layer of Protection Analysis. He
also developed and instructs training courses not only for Kenexis, but also ISA – including the
EC50, 52, and 54 series of courses on SIS engineering, and the EC56P course on performance
based fire and gas system design. Mr. Marszal started his career after receiving a Bachelor’s
Degree in Chemical, with emphasis on process controls and artificial intelligence, from The Ohio
State University.
Kevin J. Mitchell
Kevin J. Mitchell is the Vice-President and Chief Operation Officer of
Kenexis. He has over 20 years of experience in risk management,
process safety, and instrumented safeguards. Mr. Mitchell has been
involved in hundreds of projects covering such diverse operations as oil
and gas production, petroleum refining, petrochemical, specialty
chemical and general manufacturing. Mr. Mitchell specializes in stateof-the-art assessment of toxic, flammable, and explosive hazards. He is
an expert in the field of Safety Instrumented System (SIS) and Fire and
Gas System (FGS) design. He uses risk assessment and cost-benefit
analysis to assist in making engineering and business decisions. Mr.
Mitchell is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Ohio. He is a member of ISA’s S84
committee and the associated working group that produced the ISA’s Technical Report on
performance-based Fire and Gas System engineering.
9
Sean A. Cunningham
Sean A. Cunningham is Senior Technical Authority at Kenexis with a
focus of fire and gas system design techniques and tools. While he
is primarily responsible for executing and overseeing instrumented
safeguard design projects (with an emphasis on performance-based
fire and gas system design), from a technical perspective, he also
leads the development of techniques and tools for performing
analysis and executing project. His research into fire and gas
mapping techniques was instrumental in allowing FGS mapping to
become a feasible technical option, and has also been embedded
into the Kenexis suite of FGS analysis tools. He is also the leader of
the technology group that develops Kenexis software, and also
performs the research required to develop the techniques and algorithms utilized by the
software tools. Prior to joining Kenexis, Mr. Cunningham received a Bachelor of Science degree
in Chemical Engineering from the University of Dayton.
Austin M. Bryan
Austin M. Bryan is a Senior Project Manager at Kenexis responsible
for the execution and oversight of instrumented safeguard design
projects with a special emphasis on performance-based fire and gas
system design. Over the course of his career he has been involved
in numerous projects coverage such diverse operations as oil and
gas production, petroleum refining, specialty chemicals production,
and agricultural chemical production. In addition to have extensive
vertical knowledge of the process industries and safeguarding
process industry equipment with instrumented safeguards, Mr.
Bryan also has extensive experience and expertise in the use of
advanced and quantitative risk analysis techniques. He has been able to leverage this expertise
to not only execute performance based FGS design projects, but also to pioneer and standardize
novel methodologies and techniques, many of which are contained in this book. Prior to joining
Kenexis, Mr. Bryan obtained Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in chemical
engineering from Michigan Technology University.
About This Course
This workbook and discussion guide has been designed as a complement to the Kenexis Using
Effigy Fire and Gas Mapping Software training course. The course can be either instructor led or
can be taken as an online course. In either case, this workbook is a complement to other
material, including:
10








Instructional Lectures – provided by a live instructor or through video for the online
course
Access to the Effigy™ fire and gas mapping module of the Kenexis Instrumented
Safeguard Suite
Exercise Materials – provided on a memory stick for instructor-led courses or
downloaded from the Kenexis learning management system web site for online courses
Exercise Solution Lectures – provided by a live instructor or through video for the
internet based course
Quizzes – included in this workbook and study guide and also provided in an online
format for the online version of the course
Quiz Solution Lectures – provided by a live instructor or through video for the internet
based course
Question and Answer – Questions in instructor led courses will be directly and
immediately answered by the instructor in real time, for online courses questions will be
responded to via e-mail to [email protected]
Completion Certificate – Upon completion of the course, including satisfactory
completion of all exercises, a certificate of completion will be mailed to you for
instructor led courses. For online courses, a certificate will be downloadable
immediately upon completion of the course
11
Table of Contents
Copyright Notice and Disclaimer .................................................................................................... 3
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... 4
About Kenexis ................................................................................................................................. 5
About the Authors .......................................................................................................................... 9
Edward M. Marszal ...................................................................................................................... 9
Kevin J. Mitchell ........................................................................................................................... 9
Sean A. Cunningham ................................................................................................................. 10
Austin M. Bryan ......................................................................................................................... 10
About This Course ......................................................................................................................... 10
Section 1 – Introduction and Scope .............................................................................................. 17
Objectives of the Training Course ............................................................................................. 17
Course Roadmap ....................................................................................................................... 17
Pre-Instructional Survey ............................................................................................................ 18
Pre-Instructional Survey ........................................................................................................ 18
Section 2 – Application Access ...................................................................................................... 22
The Server ................................................................................................................................. 22
Server and Data Integrity ....................................................................................................... 22
KISS Nodes ............................................................................................................................. 23
The Public Node ..................................................................................................................... 23
Private Nodes......................................................................................................................... 24
Private Servers ....................................................................................................................... 24
The Software ............................................................................................................................. 24
User Access................................................................................................................................ 25
Browsers ................................................................................................................................ 25
Web Address .......................................................................................................................... 25
Support Services ........................................................................................................................ 26
Section 2 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 26
Section 2 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 26
Section 3 – Handling Multiple Studies .......................................................................................... 28
12
Project Manager Layout ............................................................................................................ 28
Title Bar .................................................................................................................................. 29
Facility List.............................................................................................................................. 29
Study List................................................................................................................................ 29
Filtering the Study List ........................................................................................................... 30
Action Ribbon ........................................................................................................................ 30
Facility Manager ........................................................................................................................ 32
Facility Manager Navigation .................................................................................................. 32
Library Manager ........................................................................................................................ 34
Risk Manager ............................................................................................................................. 34
User Information Management ................................................................................................ 35
Account Information .............................................................................................................. 35
Change Password ................................................................................................................... 36
Application Status .................................................................................................................. 36
Section 3 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 36
Exercise 3-1 – Change Password ............................................................................................ 36
Exercise 3-2 – Create a New Facility ...................................................................................... 36
Exercise 3-3 – Create a new Effigy Study ............................................................................... 37
Section 3 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 37
Section 3 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 37
Section 4 – FGS Study Overview ................................................................................................... 39
Navigating the Effigy Application............................................................................................... 39
Title Bar .................................................................................................................................. 39
Action Ribbon ........................................................................................................................ 40
Tree View ............................................................................................................................... 40
Workspace ............................................................................................................................. 41
Overview Tab ............................................................................................................................. 41
General Information .............................................................................................................. 41
Size and Orientation .............................................................................................................. 42
Analysis Elevation .................................................................................................................. 42
Revision Information.............................................................................................................. 43
13
Overlay Drawing .................................................................................................................... 43
Grading Definitions Tab ............................................................................................................. 44
Wind Data Tab ........................................................................................................................... 44
Section 4 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 45
Exercise 4-1 – Enter the Mezzanine Deck Overview Information ......................................... 46
Exercise 4-2 – Enter the Wind Rose Data .............................................................................. 46
Exercise 4-3 – Create Cellar Deck Study Using New from Template ..................................... 46
Section 4 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 46
Section 4 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 46
Section 5 – Working with Equipment Items.................................................................................. 48
Adding and Removing Equipment Items ................................................................................... 48
Equipment Item Input Screen ................................................................................................ 49
Editing Equipment Items ....................................................................................................... 52
Viewing Equipment Item Layout............................................................................................ 52
Assigning Graded Areas ............................................................................................................. 54
Entering Graded Area Information ........................................................................................ 54
Viewing Graded Areas ........................................................................................................... 55
Assigning Gas Release Scenarios ............................................................................................... 56
Adding/Editing a Gas Scenario .............................................................................................. 56
Assigning Fire Scenarios ............................................................................................................ 58
Adding/Editing a Fire Scenario .............................................................................................. 59
Section 5 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 60
Exercise 5-1 – Enter the Wellhead Platform Equipment Data ............................................... 60
Exercise 5-2 – Enter Wellhead Platform Scenario Data ......................................................... 60
Section 5 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 60
Section 5 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 60
Section 6 – Working with Fire Detectors ...................................................................................... 62
Adding and Removing Fire Detectors ........................................................................................ 62
Fire Detector Input Screen..................................................................................................... 62
Editing Fire Detectors ............................................................................................................ 66
Viewing Fire Detector Layout ................................................................................................ 67
14
Section 6 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 67
Exercise 6-1 – Enter the Wellhead Platform Fire Detector Data ........................................... 67
Section 6 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 68
Section 6 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 68
Section 7 – Working with Gas Detectors....................................................................................... 69
Adding and Removing Gas Detectors ........................................................................................ 69
Gas Detector Input Screen ..................................................................................................... 69
Editing Gas Detectors ................................................................................................................ 71
Viewing Gas Detector Layout .................................................................................................... 71
Section 7 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 72
Exercise 7-1 – Enter the Wellhead Platform Gas Detector Data............................................ 72
Section 7 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 72
Section 7 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 72
Section 8 – Running Coverage Calculations .................................................................................. 74
Calculation Selection ................................................................................................................. 75
Calculation Status ...................................................................................................................... 75
Calculation Options ................................................................................................................... 76
Section 8 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 77
Exercise 8-1 – Run Coverage Calculations for the Wellhead Platform .................................. 77
Section 8 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 78
Section 8 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 78
Section 9 – Viewing and Interpreting Results ............................................................................... 79
Fire Geographic Coverage ......................................................................................................... 79
Legend ................................................................................................................................... 79
Graded Area View Selection .................................................................................................. 80
Coverage Results .................................................................................................................... 80
Certification ........................................................................................................................... 81
Optimizing Coverage Results ................................................................................................. 81
Gas Geographic Coverage ......................................................................................................... 82
Legend ................................................................................................................................... 83
Navigating the Gas Geographic Coverage Screen .................................................................. 83
15
Geographic Risk (Fire and Gas).................................................................................................. 83
Residual Risk (Fire and Gas)....................................................................................................... 85
Printing Results .......................................................................................................................... 86
Exporting a Completed Study .................................................................................................... 88
Section 9 Exercises .................................................................................................................... 89
Exercise 9-1 – Interpret Coverage Calculations for the Wellhead Platform .......................... 89
Exercise 9-2 – Print and Export Wellhead Platform Results .................................................. 89
Section 9 Quiz ............................................................................................................................ 89
Section 9 Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 89
Section 10 – Summary .................................................................................................................. 91
Post-Instructional Survey........................................................................................................... 99
Post-Instructional Survey ....................................................................................................... 99
Section 11 – Resources and More Information .......................................................................... 103
Section 12 – Acronyms ................................................................................................................ 104
Section 13 – Glossary .................................................................................................................. 105
Index............................................................................................................................................ 108
16
Section 1 – Introduction and Scope
The Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite (KISS) is the premier enterprise software tool for the
development of design basis information for instrumented safeguards in process industry
plants. This workbook and study guide is focused on the Effigy® fire and gas mapping module.
Objectives of the Training Course
The overall objective of this training course is to provide an in-depth understanding of how to
utilize the Effigy fire and gas mapping module of the Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite to
design the layouts of fire detectors and gas detectors in process facilities. This is accomplished
by addressing the following points:








Understand the Architecture of the Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite (KISS)
Learn to incorporate facility data and administration information for an FGS project
Understand how facilities are broken down into zones and how zones are described in
the overview section of each study
Learn how to input information about the physical layout of a plant
Learn how to include a full range of FGS detection equipment into a study, including fire
and gas detectors
Learn how to execute fire and gas mapping algorithms and manipulate calculation
options
Understand FGS mapping results, including geographic coverage, geographic risk, and
scenario coverage
Learn to view facilities and results using the Effigy 3D viewer
Course Roadmap
The training course is divided into the following sections:











Section 1 – Introduction and Scope
Section 2 – Application Access
Section 3 – Handling Multiple Studies
Section 4 – Study Overview
Section 5 – Facility Equipment Data
Section 6 – Fire Detector Data
Section 7 – Gas Detector Data
Section 8 – Running Coverage Calculations
Section 9 – Viewing Results
Section 10 – Using the Effigy 3D viewer
Section 11 – Summary
17
Pre-Instructional Survey
Please complete the questions in the pre-instructional survey shown below. Your responses to
these questions will help the instructor, in a live instructor lead course offering, to emphasize
areas which require the most attention. In addition, the comparison between survey results
prior to the course and after the course will help you to gauge the amount of learning that
you’ve accomplished, regardless of whether you’re taking an instructor led course or an online
offering. If you’re taking the online course, you will want to either work directly in the online
quiz module, or work in this workbook and then transfer the results to the online quiz module.
Pre-Instructional Survey
1. The Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite (KISS) of Software is provided in which
format?
a. Software as a Service (SaaS), over the internet and accessed by any standard web
browser
b. Desktop application, that requires a dedicated desktop computer
c. As a standalone server accessed by dedicated user terminals
d. As an iPad Application, downloaded from the iTunes store
2. KISS can be accessed through which of the following browser types?
a. Microsoft Internet Explorer
b. Apple Safari
c. Google Chrome
d. All of the above
3. How do you create a new Effigy study?
a. Submit a new study request to Kenexis technical support
b. Click on the New Study button in the Project Manager action ribbon and select “FGS
Design Basis” as the type
c. Click on the New Study button in the Project Manager action ribbon and select “SIS
Design Basis” as the type
d. Click on Calculate Results in the Effigy action ribbon
4. In which section of KISS can a user make a copy of an FGS study so that what-if analysis
can be performed on the copy without affecting the original study?
a. Project Manager
b. Facility Manager
c. Library Manager
d. Risk Manager
5. In which format are Effigy studies exported and imported?
a. XAML files
b. Microsoft Excel Files
c. SQL Server Database Tables
18
d. Stereo Lithographs
6. Which users can access data about a facility?
a. Everyone
b. The person who created the facility
c. The person who created the facility and persons to whom the owner has given
access
d. Anyone who works at the facility
7. In which area of the Effigy application can you navigate to the different calculation and
results screens?
a. The workspace
b. The tree view
c. The study list
d. The action ribbon
8. Which users can access data about a study?
a. Everyone
b. The person who created the study
c. The person who created the facility in which the study resides and persons to whom
the owner has given access
d. Anyone who works at the facility
9. In what formats can a facility overlay graphic be uploaded into Effigy?
a. JPEG
b. TIFF
c. PNG
d. All of the above
10. What information is entered in the Wind Data form of the Overview Page?
a. The average wind speed of different geographic directions
b. The atmospheric stability used in dispersion calculations
c. Fraction of Time Wind is coming from a certain direction
d. None of the above
11. How many different graded area types are included by default?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
12. What is the best choice for equipment item geometry type for an analyzer shack?
a. Sphere
b. Cylinder
c. Pressure Vessel H
d. Cuboid
19
13. What is the best approach for modeling a series (10-15) of instrument process
connection tubes that are run in parallel but 5-10 centimeters apart?
a. Treat the collection of tubes as a solid and model them as a series of cuboids
b. Model each individual tube as a series of cylinders
c. Do not model them as they are too small to obstruct a fire
d. Use a stereo lithograph file to break the system down into a series a triangular
obstructions
14. If a room is irregularly shaped, having a rectangular portion of the floor plan removed by
walls, how can that be modeled in Effigy?
a. The zone is defined as rectangle and the irregular section is removed by defining it as
a cuboid obstruction
b. The zone is modeled as a rectangle and any error resulting from the irregular shaping
is ignored
c. The zone shape is drawn as a multiple point polygon and smoothed with a Bezier
curve
d. This type of room cannot be modeled
15. Data for each optical fire detector regarding its field of vision is determined from what
source?
a. Kenexis laboratory analysis of detector performance
b. Manufacturer certification documentation for SIL 2 compliance with IEC 61508
c. Manufacturer reporting of the results of testing in accordance with the FM 3260
standard
d. All fire detectors have the same performance and are modeled identically
16. The RHO (radiant heat output) parameter that is used to define fire detector
performance is best described as a measure of what?
a. The amount of infrared radiation that causes a detector to activate
b. The size of the fire that is desired to be detected
c. The amount of attenuation of thermal radiation due to absorption by humid air
d. The sensitivity setting of the detector
17. What additional information is required to model an open path gas detector as opposed
to a single point gas detector?
a. The location of the receiver in addition to the location of the emitter
b. The maximum distance recommended for installation by the manufacturer
c. The average humidity of the process area
d. None of the above
18. What design basis gas cloud size is the most appropriate if the design basis is detection
of the minimum methane gas cloud size that can cause harm in a moderately congested
area?
a. 3 meters
b. 5 meters
c. 8 meters
20
d. 10 meters
19. In a geographic coverage map what does the color green represent?
a. An area that not covered
b. An area that has been excluded from the study
c. An area where a single detector can detect the hazard
d. An area where two or more detectors can detect the hazard
20. In a gas scenario coverage residual risk map what does each color represent?
a. The frequency at which a gas cloud is expected to occur
b. The number of detectors that can view a certain location
c. The frequency at which a gas cloud that is not detectable by the gas detector array
will exist
d. The amount of risk present in a given location
21
Section 2 – Application Access
The Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite (KISS) is not a simple desktop application. It is a
multi-user, multi-site enterprise application that is delivered through a Software as a Service
(SaaS) framework where the core computation engine and data warehousing are performed at a
central location, and users can access and manipulate information through a web browsers on
almost any computing platform in virtually any location in the world.
The Server
KISS is powered by a robust server hardware structure. The server computer is in a central
location and has the following attributes





Hardened data center – physical security, multiple utility sources with backup,
continuously staffed and maintained
Multiple processors – multi-core multi-threaded
Multiple RAID data storage appliances
Virtual machine architecture accessing processing and data storage as required to
ensure target performance levels
Virtual machine operates multiple “nodes” allowing multiple customized applications
and individual private databases
Server and Data Integrity
The server hardware and software are engineered and maintained to provide secure and
reliable operation. The integrity is the same regardless of the type of package that you utilize.


Kenexis provided performance monitoring 24 / 7
o Daily status check / performance check
o Outages required for software maintenance will be scheduled and announced
Backups
o Complete backups performed every 7 days
o Disaster recovery performed within 7 days maximum
22
o Data stored in third party offsite facility for 28 days
o Some inadvertent data deletion may be able to be restored by Kenexis
KISS Nodes
KISS is run as a collection of applications, data files and databases. One instance of a collection
is called a node. Each node will contain:



A complete set of application code
A set of user interface customization files
A database for project data storage
Multiple nodes may be run by a single physical virtual machine, which is a collection of
hardware resources (processors and memory) that are allocated to a virtual server computer
that employs those resources. The virtual machine runs single instances of the core server
applications (i.e., Microsoft SQL server and Microsoft IIS), which multi-task to run multiple
separate nodes.
The Public Node
Many users will log in through the public node, which is available to all professional users of
KISS. When using the public node, all users, regardless of their organization, access the same
application code and database. Even though a single application code and a single database is
employed by the SaaS, your data is secured through access controls. This is similar to the
arrangement of many internet applications such as online banking, where even though your
financial records are in the same database as all of the other patrons of the bank, you cannot
23
view their data and they cannot view yours. Use of the public node allows users to access all of
the features of KISS without requiring the additional cost and infrastructure of private node, or
even a private server.
Private Nodes
Some people will be able to access the server through private nodes guaranteeing that their
data is secure. Some advantages of a private node over the public node are:




Data is stored in a separate database
Application code is stored separately from the other application code ensuring better
separation
Customized application skin
Customized and private application access through a dedicated URL
Private Servers
While many operating companies and engineering companies utilize the public and private
node structure of KISS, other companies are required to have an entirely dedicated server in
order to prevent any type of comingling of their data with the data of other users (or even the
processing), regardless of the safeguards that are in place. In order to satisfy the most intense
separation requirements of even the most demanding of our customers, Kenexis also offers a
private server option. The advantages of the private server option are as follows:




Separate computer
Separate processors
Separate memory
Maintained and updated by Kenexis
The Software
In addition to a robust hardware platform, KISS is written to take advantage of the most recent
developments in web-based data-warehousing and human interface technologies. The overall
application is written in a series of interrelated segments that work as a whole to provide
accurate calculations, pleasant user experience, and high integrity data storage. The software
components that work together to form KISS include:


Microsoft SQL Server (latest version) – Project data storage, including graphical analysis
results
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) – User Interface Web Services, Calculations,
Data Entry, and Data Presentation / Reporting
o Microsoft ASPX, AJAX controls, C# dynamic link libraries
o HTML 5, CSS3
24
o JavaScript, JQuery
User Access
Users can access KISS through most common web browsers. The user directs the browser to
the uniform resource locator (URL), or web address that is associated with either the KISS public
node, or the private node or private server on which they have been registered and would like
to perform design work.
Browsers
Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite is designed to operate on a large number of diverse
hardware platforms and browser software.





Most common web browsers supported
Microsoft Internet Explorer is prototype, others tested and supported
o Google Chrome
o Mozilla Firefox
o Apple Safari
Desktop, laptop, tablet, and smartphone are all supported
Three latest versions of browsers are supported
Some advanced (but non-essential) features (e.g., 3D graphics, require the latest version
of a browser.
Web Address
Regardless of the browser or hardware platform utilized to access KISS, the first step toward
access it directing the browsers to access the correct web address or uniform resource locator
(URL).


Kenexis Public Node URL
o https://kiss.kenexis.com
Private Node URL
o https://mycompany.kenexis.com
o where mycompany is the name of the company who has established the private
node or private server of KISS.
25
Upon entering the appropriate URL you will be directed to the log in screen which will require
your username and password to grant access to KISS.
Support Services
While KISS is written to be user friendly, there are times when contacting a technical support
representative will still be necessary.




Support Hours: 7 AM to 7 PM US Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (excluding US
Holidays)
Tier 1 Support – Administrative support for application, lost passwords, inability to
access server, etc. – Included at no charge in annual license fees
Tier 2 Support – Assistance with data entry, model selection, model review – Requires
additional payment
Tier 3 Support – Detailed ad hoc consulting services – Requires additional payment and
scope documentation
Section 2 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 2 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 2 Quiz
1. From which location can you access KISS software?
a. From a desktop machine that has the software loaded
26
2.
3.
4.
5.
b. From a terminal connected to the Local Area Network (LAN) of a company that has a
KISS server installed
c. From a dedicated terminal at any Kenexis office
d. From any device that can run a common web browser and is connected to the
internet
How long is KISS data stored in an office third-party location after it has been backed up?
a. 1 day
b. 7 days
c. 30 days
d. 5 years
Which KISS arrangement allows a company to have its own dedicated computer with
dedicated applications and physical storage?
a. Public Node
b. Private Node
c. Private Server
d. All of the above
In which KISS arrangement can a user view other users’ project files without prior
permission?
a. None
b. Public Node
c. Private Node
d. Private Server
On which web browser does Kenexis base its software development effort?
a. Internet Explorer
b. Safari
c. Firefox
d. Chrome
27
Section 3 – Handling Multiple Studies
Since KISS is multi-user, multi-site enterprise software, it is critical that the platform can handle
multiple projects simultaneously, but allow users an intuitive and easy process for working with
all of the studies.
Project Manager Layout
The Project Manager section of the application is a portal to Effigy, but is not Effigy itself. The
Project Manager area contains three major work areas that the user interacts with. These areas
are:




Title Bar
Facility List
Study List
Action Ribbon
Title Bar
Action Ribbon
Study List
Facility List
28
Title Bar
The title bar provides information related to where you are in the KISS framework and your log
in status.



Current Application
Current User
Log Out
Log Out
Current Application
User
Facility List
The facility list section provide a list of the facilities that have either been created by you or to
which you have been given access. Selecting a facility on the list by clicking on it will display the
list of studies for that facility in the study list area.
Study List
Once a facility has been selected in the Facility List, a table displaying all of the studies from that
facility and some of the attributes of each study is presented in the study list. These attributes
are:





Study Type – Multiple studies types are available in the KISS framework – FGS Design
Basis (Effigy), SIS Design Basis (Vertigo)
Study Name – The name assigned to a specific study by the user
Study Owner – The user who created the study
Data Modified – The most recent date that a change has been made to the study
Revision – The current revision number
29
Filtering the Study List
A single facility might contain a large number of studies. As such, the KISS Project Manager
includes a mechanism for filtering the studies shown in the study list.
Studies are filtered by entering a value into the filter search box, clicking the filter button and
selecting “Contains”. Removing the filter is done by clicking the filter and selecting “NoFilter”.
Action Ribbon
The action ribbon allows you to take actions upon studies that have been selected and also to
access other sub-applications for various project management tasks.

Study Actions
o Add New Study – Select from available study types
o Edit Study
o Copy Study
o Delete Study
30

o Baseline Study
o Import Study
Sub-Applications
o Facility Manager
o Library Manager
o Risk Manager
Add New Study
The Add New Study button will generate a drop down list which will allow the user to pick from
the modules for which the user is licensed. Select “FGS Design Basis” to create a new Effigy fire
and gas mapping study. Once the study type is selected, the new study is created and the study
will be opened inside the Effigy module.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add a new Effigy study.
Baseline Study
Creation of an official revision that will be locked against editing is performed by clicking on the
Baseline Study button. The revision number and revision notes will have been entered inside
the Effigy module (which will be discussed in a later section). Clicking the Baseline Study button
then freezes the current revision, updates the revision counter, and opens the study in the Effigy
module as the next revision number.
Import Study
Clicking on the import study button allows you to import an Effigy import/export file that has
been previously exported from Effigy. Exporting Effigy files is performed from inside the Effigy
Module.
31
Facility Manager
The Facility Manager sub-application allows the user to manage a physical facility for which
multiple studies are expected to be required. A facility has a number of attributes that can be
entered and edited. The Facility Manager is accessed by clicking on the Facility Manager icon in
the Action Ribbon.
Facility Manager Navigation
After entering the facility manager you will be directed to the main screen as shown below. All
facilities that a user has either created or been given access to will be listed. An action ribbon is
provided to allow the user to Add New Facility, Edit an existing (and selected) facility, Delete a
Facility (and all of the studies associated with that facility), or Return to the Project Manager
study list.
When a new facility is created, or a facility is being edited, the edit screen is shown. The edit
screen contains two tabs, Overview – where facility data entry is performed, and Users – where
access permissions are granted.
The overview data entry form allows entry of information about the facility:


Facility Name
Area
32


Segment
Region
Also, an SIS lifecycle plan can be uploaded and have its revision name and date entered. There
is also an area for notes about the facility to be entered.
The Users tab allows the owner of a facility to grant access privileges to other KISS users. When
the user tab is clicked the screen shown below is displayed. The form includes a list of all KISS
users who are in your company. You can then grant access to each of these users by clicking on
the drop down list next to their name and selecting either “Edit”, “View”, or “None”. Clicking on
Update then saves the changes. If you would like to grant access to a user that is not in your
company, you can request access by contacting Kenexis Customer Support or by clicking on the
“Request User” button and filling out the request form.
NOTE: Only the facility owner can access the facility overview and users pages. To request
access to a facility, you will need to contact the facility owner.
33
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add a new facility.
Butane Storage Plant; NGL Processing Area; Upstream Segment; North
America Region; No SIS Lifecycle Plant to Upload
Library Manager
The Library Manager sub-application is used to manage lists of data inputs that are available in
various KISS applications. The Library Manager is not used for any Effigy functionality, and is not
available to users who have only licensed the Effigy portion of KISS.
Risk Manager
The Risk Manager sub-application is used to manage sets of tolerable risk criteria that are used
in KISS. These risk criteria include process hazards analysis matrices, LOPA required risk
reduction matrices, tolerable maximum event likelihood tables, and alarm prioritization
matrices. Since Effigy does not employ these representations of tolerable risk, the Risk Manager
is not used in Effigy, and is not available to users who have only licensed the Effigy portion of
KISS.
34
User Information Management
Information about a user is contained the user information management section of the Project
Manager. This area is accessed by clicking on your name, which will be hyper-linked, in the title
bar anywhere in KISS.
User hyperlink
Account Information
After clicking on the user hyper-link to access the user information management section of kiss
you will be directed to the Account Information page. This page contains information about you
the user, your company, your e-mail address (if applicable) and printing preferences.
You will also notice that the user information management section also has an action ribbon to
allow navigation. This action ribbon contains:




User Information
Change Password
Application Status
Back to Study List
The first three buttons will cause navigation to the specified page while the Back to Study List
button will direct you back to the main Project Manager page.
35
Change Password
The change password page allows the user to change their password after entering and
confirming their existing password.
Application Status
The application status section allows the user to view the licensing and certification status of
their account. For each software module of KISS to which a user has access, the application
status section will list the version of the software that is in use, access type (edit or view), and
the expiration date for your account. It also lists your certification number and certification
expiration date if you are a Kenexis certified user of the software.
Section 3 Exercises
Please complete the Section 3 exercises shown below.
Exercise 3-1 – Change Password
Using the Change Password page of the user information management section, change your
password from the default password given to you when your account was activated to a new
secure password that you will use from this point.
Exercise 3-2 – Create a New Facility
Create a new facility. The new facility will have the following attributes.




GOGOCO Wellhead Platform
Area: Gulf of Mexico
Segment: Upstream Oil and Gas
Region: North America
36

No SIS lifecycle plan is required
Exercise 3-3 – Create a new Effigy Study
Using the project manager, create a new study that you will use for your training course case
study. You can name the project something like “Mezzanine Deck”.
Section 3 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 3 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 3 Quiz
1. Which section of the Project Manager contains the hyper-link that will allow you to
access the user information management section of the application?
a. Title Bar
b. Action Ribbon
c. Facility List
d. Study List
2. What is the best way to quickly locate a study whose owner is Scarlett Ann Gray?
a. Scroll through the study list watching the Study Owner column until finding the first
study owned by Scarlett Ann Gray
b. Click on the Baseline Study button in the action ribbon
c. Type Scarlett Ann Gray into the search box of the Study Owner Column the click on
the filter button and selection “contains”
d. There is no fast way to filter a list of studies, the list will simply need to be
exhaustively reviewed
3. Where do you select the default size for printouts?
a. User Information Page
b. Application Status Page
c. Facility Manager Page
d. None of the above, only A4 paper size can be selected
4. What is the purpose of the baseline study button?
a. To save the data from the browser to the database
b. To create an uneditable revision of a study, freezing the design for the current
revision and incrementing the revision counter so that changes are made to the
subsequent revision
c. To set the study to read only mode for users other than the facility owner
d. To delete modifications made to a project and set it to its original state prior to the
beginning of an editing session.
37
5. How would you allow another Effigy User to have access to the facility that you have
created?
a. Send them the web address of the facility
b. Export the studies to external memory and then have them import the studies
c. Use the Facility Manager to select them from the list of users allowed to have access
to the facility
d. Create a new study inside the desired facility and set the study name to their user
name.
38
Section 4 – FGS Study Overview
The Study Overview section is the focal point for viewing an Effigy Study and utilizing the Effigy
software module to execute project work.
Navigating the Effigy Application
Upon entering the Effigy module from the project manager, the user will be shown the overview
page. The overview page is divided into the following areas.




Title Bar
Action Ribbon
Tree View
Workspace
Title Bar
Action Ribbon
Tree
View
Workspace
Title Bar
The Title Bar works similarly inside the Effigy Module as it did in the Project Manager section.
For more information, see Section 3 – Working with Multiple Projects.
39
Action Ribbon
While the action ribbon of the Effigy module works in a similar way to the action ribbon in the
Project Manager section, the action buttons are different. The action ribbon buttons includes
navigational buttons to allow movement from page to page or perform a project action.














Overview – Shows the study overview page
Fire Geo – Shows the geographic coverage results for fire detectors
Gas Geo – Shows the geographic coverage results for gas detectors
Fire Geo Risk – Shows the geographic risk profile for fire scenarios
Gas Geo Risk – Shows the geographic risk profile for gas release scenarios
Fire Res Risk – Shows the residual geographic risk profile for fire scenarios after
considering the beneficial effect of fire detectors and the scenario coverage
Gas Res Risk – Shows the residual geographic risk profile for gas release scenarios after
considering the beneficial effect of gas detectors and the scenario coverage
FGS Layout – Shows the overlay graphic with equipment and detectors included and
shown in a plan view
Grading – Shows the overlay graphic with graded areas marked in plan view
3D View – Shows the facility and results in an interactive 3D viewer
Run Calculations – Shows the calculation page
Study Setting – Shows the settings editing page
Export – Brings up the export dialog that allows you to export a project from Effigy to an
Excel spreadsheet.
Back to Study List – Returns you to the Project Manager
Tree View
The Tree View is where you can navigate the different objects that make up an Effigy Project. A
project is composed of Equipment Items – which can be physical objects (which obstruct
detector views), graded areas, and/or leak sources, Fire Detectors, and Gas Detectors. Clicking
on one of these items will bring up the edit grid for that component type.
40
Workspace
The Workspace is the main work area in the application for the display of project results or
entry of project data. This area is where results graphics are presented, data entry worksheets
are provided, and data entry grid view components are shown.
Overview Tab
The overview page is the first page that a user is directed to upon entering the Effigy application
and contains general information that defines the zone that is under analysis. There are three
tabs on the overview page.



Overview
Grading Definitions
Wind Data
The overview tab allows the user to enter general information about a study zone and import an
overlay graphic.
General Information
The overview tab allows entry and display of general information about the study, including:



Study name
Asset Owner
Project Number
41
In addition, the facility name (as defined in the Facility Manager) is also shown.
Size and Orientation
The facility size and orientation are also presented in the overview tab. The dimensions of the
zone in the x-y plane, and also its height (z) are entered here, in the units that have been
selected by the user in the Study Settings page (discussed in a subsequent section). When
looking at the screen. The origin of the room is the bottom left, x and y are common Cartesian
coordinates, and the positive z-direction is directed out of the page.
Positive Y
direction
Z direction (out
of page)
Origin
Positive X
direction
The orientation angles entered into the overview indicate which angle represents true north
and which angle represents project north. The positive x-axis represents an angle of zero
degrees and positive y-axis represents and angle of 90 degrees.
Analysis Elevation
The analysis elevation is the elevation (in the z-direction) for which graphical and numerical
results will be calculated and presented. The elevation that is selected will be a function of the
attributes of the hazard being analyzed and the location and type of release sources in the zone.
Common analysis elevations include:



1.5 feet (0.5 meters) for pooling fires
1.5 feet (0.5 meters) for dense gases
9 feet (3.0 meters) for buoyant gases
42
Revision Information
Revision name and revision notes are informative comments that are stored separately for each
revision of a study to define the numerical sequence of the revision and the purpose of its
release. Once a revision has been “baselined” it cannot be edited. Only the current revision
can be edited. Earlier revisions can be edited by creating a copy, via export/import functions.
Overlay Drawing
An overlay drawing is an important and helpful tool for helping to layout and verifying the
positioning of equipment and detectors in a zone, and also to interpret graphical coverage
results. An overlay image should be generated by the user to be limited to the extents of the
zone and then converted into any common graphic format. Graphic formats accepted include
JPG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF, and PNG. Upload the overlay file by clicking on the Browse button which
will present a file selection dialog box where you can locate the desired drawing, and then
upload. Once the appropriate file is selected, click on the Upload Image button – it will appear
in the picture box above the buttons. Once you are satisfied with the image, click on the
Update button to load the Overview data to the server. Also, if you want to remove an existing
graphic, click the Clear Overlay Button.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add the overview information for the
Butane Storage Facility. Zone size information is contained in Equipment
List.xlsx and the overlay graphic is Overlay.png in the Butane Storage Facility
Folder.
43
Grading Definitions Tab
The grading definitions tab contains information on the graded areas that are defined for the
study. The grading definitions describe, for each leak source, what is the “inclusion distance”
that is required to be covered for fire and/or gas detection away from the leak source.
Effigy allows for the input of up to 3 grades, selectable from the Number of Grades drop down
box. For each grade the following attributes are defined:





Code – Used for display purposes
Coverage Target
Primary Inclusion Distance
Secondary Inclusion Distance
Secondary Inclusion Grade
Wind Data Tab
The wind data tab allows the user to enter statistical historical information related to the
relative frequency of wind direction at the facility. This information, typically referred to as a
44
“wind rose” is unique to each facility and can either be obtained from weather station
information that is specific to a site or obtained from public published sources of weather data.
The first step in entering weather data is defining the number of wind directions for which
weather data has been documented. This is done by clicking the direction count drop-down box
and selected 4, 8, or 16. Then the relative frequency of each direction is entered. The units for
data entry are flexible. Effigy simply takes the number entered in each direction and then
divides by the total to obtain a percentage of time that the wind is coming from each direction
to normalize the data. Please note, when entering a number for the N, or North, cell that refers
to the frequency of time the wind is coming FROM the North, going to the South. This is the
standard convention in meteorology. Also note, the wind rose is based on TRUE coordinates,
not project coordinates.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add the wind data for the Butane
Storage Facility. Wind data is contained in Wind Rose.xlsx in the Butane
Storage Facility Folder.
Section 4 Exercises
Please complete the Section 4 exercises shown below.
45
Exercise 4-1 – Enter the Mezzanine Deck Overview Information
Edit the Mezzanine Deck study that you created in during the Section 3 Exercises. Data defining
the zone is contained in the Wellhead Platform folder in the Equipment Items.xlsx spreadsheet.
Use your engineering judgment to determine appropriate values for any missing data.
Complete and upload the Overview tab.
Exercise 4-2 – Enter the Wind Rose Data
Enter the wind direction information as shown in Wind Rose.xlsx into the Mezzanine Deck
Study, and upload to the database.
Exercise 4-3 – Create Cellar Deck Study
Using the project manager, create a new study that is based on the Mezzanine Deck using the
Project Manager’s Copy action. Call the new study “Cellar Deck”. View the study to see what
data was copied over from the Mezzanine Deck study and what was left out. Update and
modify the information required for the Overview tab.
Section 4 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 4 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 4 Quiz
1. In what section of the Effigy module will you enter data into worksheets and data grids,
and also have your results presented?
a. Title Bar
b. Action Ribbon
c. Tree View
d. Workspace
2. Which of the following items is not shown in the Tree View?
a. Gas Release Scenarios
b. Equipment Items
c. Fire Detectors
d. Gas Detectors
3. Which if the following file formats can be used for an overlay drawing?
a. Drawing Exchange Format (DXF)
b. Stereo Lithograph (STL)
c. Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
d. Portable Document Format (PDF)
46
4. Which is the most appropriate analysis elevation for dense gases?
a. 0 meters (at grade)
b. 0.5 meters
c. 1.5 meters
d. 3.0 meters
5. What is the maximum amount of wind directions that is supported by Effigy?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 16
d. 32
47
Section 5 – Working with Equipment Items
Equipment Items are a fundamental concept in Effigy. An equipment item is any physical piece
of equipment. An equipment item can have many attributes that impact FGS design.




Obstruction
Graded Areas
Gas Release Scenarios
Fire Scenarios
The focal point for working with equipment items is the equipment item grid. The equipment
item grid is displayed by clicking on Equipment Items in the Tree View. The equipment items
grid contains a list of all equipment items associated with the study, and a check box to indicate
whether that equipment item is an obstruction, includes a graded area, includes one or more
fire scenarios, or includes one or more gas scenarios. The equipment item grid can be filtered
using the filter box at the top of the Name column of the grid.
Adding and Removing Equipment Items
Adding new equipment items to a study is done by clicking on the Add New Record button in
the top left corner of the title bar of the grid.
48
Deleting Equipment items is performed by clicking on the delete icon on the row of the
equipment item that you would like to delete.
Equipment Item Input Screen
After clicking on Add New Record, the user will be presented with the equipment item input
tab.
In this area, the user will input the tag name of the equipment item and a description of its
service. This is also the location for the entry of the physical location of the item.
NOTE: Name and Location are required fields.
Equipment Item Location
The location of an equipment item, in Effigy, is based on the center of the item, as per common
engineering design standards and CAD conventions.
49
Obstruction Status
If the equipment item is a physical obstruction that can impede the “view” of detectors, then
the obstructions check box is checked, expanding the input screen to allow entry of information
related to the type of obstruction. If the item is not an obstruction (i.e., leak source only) leave
the obstruction box unchecked.
Type (Geometry)
The type indicates the geometry that the equipment item will be represented with in the three
dimensional space. The available geometries are as follows:
50
Item Size
The size input of an equipment item will vary depending on its type. For cuboids, the length,
width, and height are entered in as X, Y, and Z. For cylinders and vessels, a radius is entered
along with a length dimension. For vessels, the length dimension represents the distance from
tangent to tangent, not including the extra length of the vessel heads.
Rotation
The angle of rotation represents the angle at which an equipment is rotated on the x-y plant
about the z axis. The default is a rotation angle of zero. The angle of rotation given to an object
should represent the angle that the axis of the equipment item makes with the x-axis on the x-y
plane. An angle of zero degrees indicates that the equipment axis is parallel to the positive xaxis.
51
Inclination
The angle of inclination represents the angle at which an equipment item is inclined in the
vertical direction, a rotation out of the x-y plane. An inclination angle of zero degrees
represents an item whose axis is parallel to grade, or parallel to the x-y plane. The inclination
angle is the angle that the equipment item axis makes in the z direction against the x-y plane.
Inclination is about the y-axis, and the center of rotation is the center point of the object.
Editing Equipment Items
After an equipment item has been entered and inserted into the database, it can be viewed and
modified.
Clicking on the arrow to the left of an equipment items name will expand the view for that
equipment item, allowing access to the obstruction attributes, and also making available the
tabs for entry of grading, fire scenario, and gas scenario information. Each of these different
sections is shown as a separate tab in the expanded view work form.
Viewing Equipment Item Layout
After equipment items have been entered their placement can be verified using the FGS Layout
page. The FGS Layout page is accessed by selecting the FGS Layout page icon in the action
ribbon.
52
The FGS layout page presents the overlay graphic as a background, and then draws the
equipment items in the database on top of the overlay. This allows the user to ensure what was
entered into the database is consistent with the plot plan of the facility.
Equipment items that are shown on the FGS layout page have two attributes – edge marking
and elevation of interest shading. The edge marking indicate the ultimate extents of an item
when viewed from a plan view, or top view. The edge markings are indicated by dashed lines.
The shaded areas represent the area of intersection of the equipment item with the elevation of
interest.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add equipment items for the Butane
Storage Facility. Equipment data is contained in Equipment List.xlsx in the
Butane Storage Facility Folder.
53
Assigning Graded Areas
Graded areas for an equipment item are entered and edited under the Graded Areas tab of the
detailed view of the equipment item in the Equipment list.
Entering Graded Area Information
The selection of an appropriate grade for an equipment item is outside the scope of this training
course, but more information on equipment grading can be found in the resources listed in
Section 11 of this workbook. When an equipment item is created, all of the information that
defines the graded area is automatically loaded into the worksheet other than the Grade, which
is defaulted to Grade C. Although information has been pre-loaded in the creation process, it
can be modified afterwards in any way the user wishes.
Grade Type
Graded areas can be either rectangular or circular depending on the type of equipment item.
Circular areas are used for spheres and vertical pressure vessels and cylinders, rectangular areas
are used for all other equipment geometries.
Description
An additional description field to describe the graded area.
Location and Dimensions
The location and dimension information is the same as for the equipment item input.
Grade
The grade that has been selected for each equipment item is entered by clicking on the
associated radio button.
54
Activation of Grading
Once the grading information is entered, in order for the grading analysis to be activated, the
user must select the Graded Area check box on the equipment item list.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add grading information to the
equipment items for the Butane Storage Facility. Grading data is contained in
Equipment List.xlsx in the Butane Storage Facility Folder.
Viewing Graded Areas
After equipment items have been entered their placement can be verified using the Graded
Area page. The Graded Areas page is accessed by clicking on the Grading button on the Action
Ribbon.
The Graded Area page shows the extents of all of the graded areas with the process overlay
shown over top. The various graded areas are color coded in accordance with the grading that
they have been assigned.
55
Assigning Gas Release Scenarios
Gas release scenarios for an equipment item are entered and edited under the Gas Scenarios
tab of the detailed view of the equipment item in the Equipment list. The determination of the
extents of a gas release scenario is a complex process that is outside the scope of this course.
More detailed information on the analysis and calculation of the dimensions of gas release
scenarios can be found in the references contained in Section 11 of this workbook. For the
purposes of this training, it is assumed that gas release scenario sizes have been developed and
are prepared to be entered into Effigy.
Adding/Editing a Gas Scenario
After clicking on the gas scenarios tab, a list of scenarios that are currently included for the
equipment item will be shown. A new scenario can be added to the database by clicking on the
Add New Record Button in the top left of the tab’s title bar.
56
After clicking on the Add New Record Button, a scenario input form will be generated inside the
scenario tab.
When the form is generated, the location information is automatically populated with the same
data as the equipment item location. Subsequently the user can enter a name for the scenario.
Scenario Dimensions
The dimensions of the scenario are obtained from an external dispersion model. The length of
the scenario is generally considered in the direction going away from the source and the width
is generally considered the cross distance of the cloud from the source. This information can be
obtained from a “footprint” drawing of a gas dispersion model that is run to a detectable
concentration endpoint.
Width
Length
57
Frequency
The release frequency has an impact on the overall risk that a scenario poses. The frequency
that needs to be entered into Effigy, for gas scenarios, is essentially the rate at which leaks are
expected to occur. Typically, the frequency is determined using historical statistical information.
This type of data can be accumulated from operating facilities or obtained from general
industrial databases that are publicly available. Leak rate data should be sensitive to the type of
equipment and the magnitude of the leak, commonly referred to as “hole size”.
Concentration
The concentration parameter indicates the concentration of the gas at the edge of the gas cloud
that has been defined in the Dimensions section. Typically, the gas cloud dimensions are based
on a dispersion model that is run to the detectability limits of the detection equipment (i.e., the
set point of the gas detectors).
Offset
The offset is the distance away (behind) from the location point of the equipment item. The
offset is a useful tool for defining where a release scenario starts and accounting for the shape
of different equipment items.


Account for “backflow” dispersion of a gas release
Account for equipment dimensions in positioning releases
Assigning Fire Scenarios
Fire scenarios for an equipment item are entered and edited under the Fire Scenarios tab of the
detailed view of the equipment item in the Equipment list. The determination of the extents of
a fire scenario is a complex process that is outside the scope of this course. More detailed
information on the analysis and calculation of the dimensions of fire scenarios can be found in
the references contained in Section 11 of this workbook. For the purposes of this training, it is
assumed that fire scenario sizes have been developed and are prepared to be entered into
Effigy.
58
Adding/Editing a Fire Scenario
After clicking on the fire scenarios tab, a list of scenarios that are currently included for the
equipment item will be shown. A new scenario can be added to the database by clicking on the
Add New Record Button in the top left of the tab’s title bar. After clicking on the Add New
Record Button, a scenario input form will be generated inside the scenario tab which is identical
to the gas scenario input form with the exception that detectable concentration is omitted.
Scenario Dimensions
The dimensions of the scenario are obtained from external dispersion models and/or fire size
models. Two different types of fires are generally considered for FGS mapping projects – jet
fires and pool fires.
For Jet Fires:




Calculate Jet Fire Frustum
Length is the calculated Frustum Length
Width is the calculated Frustum Tip Width
Offset is zero




Calculate the steady state pool diameter
Length is diameter of the pool
Width is the diameter of the pool
Offset is the radius of the pool (plus the radius of the tank if a storage
tank is the leak source)
For Pool Fires:
Frequency and Offset
Fire scenarios require entry of a frequency and offset. The selection of values for these
variables for fire scenarios is the same as for gas release scenarios.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
59
Work along with the instructor as they add gas release and fire scenario
information to the equipment items for the Butane Storage Facility. Scenario
data is contained in Consequence Models.doc and Jet Fire Results.doc in the
Butane Storage Facility Folder.
Section 5 Exercises
Please complete the Section 5 exercises shown below.
Exercise 5-1 – Enter the Wellhead Platform Equipment Data
Edit the wellhead platform studies to include the equipment location and size information. Use
Equipment Data.xls to help in determining the equipment locations and grading, and the plot
plan drawings to help determine the most appropriate equipment types.
Exercise 5-2 – Enter Wellhead Platform Scenario Data
Enter gas cloud and jet fire scenario data for the wellhead platform. Data to help determine
release dimensions is contained in consequence models.doc and jet fire results.doc. Release
frequency information is contained in Equipment data.xls
Section 5 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 5 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 5 Quiz
1. What is the best description for the point that defines an equipment item location in
Effigy?
a. The point closest to the origin
b. The point furthest from the origin
c. Any arbitrary corner
d. The center point of the equipment item
2. If a device’s axis is perpendicular to the x-axis and the z-axis, what is its rotation angle?
a. 0
b. 45
c. 90
d. 135
60
3. Which of the follow geometries would best represent a horizontally mounted separator
vessel in an offshore platform?
a. Sphere
b. Cube
c. Hor. Cylinder
d. Hor. Vessel
4. Which screen is the best location to verify that equipment item input been performed
correctly?
a. FGS Layout
b. Grading
c. Equipment Data Grid
d. Results
5. Which data entry cell contains the distance from a leak point to the point at which the
concentration of the resultant gas cloud falls below the detectable concentration?
a. Width
b. Concentration
c. Offset
d. Length
61
Section 6 – Working with Fire Detectors
Data entry and management for fire detectors is performed in the Fire Detector Data Grid,
which is similar in structure and use to the Equipment Data Grid.
Adding and Removing Fire Detectors
Adding new fire detectors to a study is done by clicking on the Add New Record button in the
top left corner of the title bar of the grid. Deleting equipment items is performed by clicking on
the delete icon on the row of the equipment item that you would like to delete.
Fire Detector Input Screen
After clicking Add New Record, the user will be presented with the fire detector input tab.
Name
The name field allows entry of a tag name or tag number for the fire detector instrument.
62
Type
Effigy allows selection of specific makes and models of fire detectors. Selection of a specific
make and model is very important for fire detection, as each fire detector has a range of
attributes that vary widely depending on the manufacturer.




Field of view horizontal
Field of view vertical
Corona Effect
Detection distance at various sensitivity settings
All of these attributes are included in the database as provided by the equipment vendors in
their FM 3260 certification reports for their devices. The selection of the specific make and
model of detector is performed by selecting the manufacturer and model number from the
drop down lists.
Hazard
Optical fire detectors have different effective fire detection ranges which are a function of the
type of hazard that is being detected. For instance, a diesel fire will have a different effective
viewing distance than a methanol fire. As such, it is important to specify the specific hazard
that a fire detector is being designed to view. The design hazard is defined by selecting the
appropriate item from the hazard drop down list.
63
Sensitivity
Effigy stores performance for three different levels of performance for all fire detectors in the
database. The sensitivity setting that is intended to be used at the facility is selected using the
drop down list.
Location
The location represents the X, Y, and Z coordinate of the “face of the detector. This is the
location where we expect the field of vision of the detector to begin.
Detector Face
Declination
The declination angle is the angle at which the detector points down, away from a plane that is
parallel with the ground or the x-y plane. If the fire detector points down, this angle is negative.
64
Parallel to Grade
(x-y plane)
Angle of
Declination
Angle of
Detector Axis
Rotation
The angle of rotation represents the angle at which a fire detector is rotated on the x-y plant
about the z axis. The default is a rotation angle of zero. An angle of zero degrees indicates that
the equipment axis is parallel to the positive x-axis.
Radiant Heat Output
The radiant heat output that is entered into Effigy is a metric that sets the size of fire that is
intended to be detected by the fire detector. This design basis fire size is typically set by
operating companies in their FGS Philosophy documents and other corporate standards. Some
common design basis fire sizes include.
10 kW – High risk areas, very small fires need to detected quickly
40-50 kW – Medium Risk Areas, representative of the 1ft x 1ft pan fire required for the FM 3260
test
65
200-300 kW – Large open lower risk areas, detectors are expected to cover wider areas
Once the design basis fire size is entered, Effigy automatically adjusts the detector’s cone of
vision to be set for the specific fire size that is desired to be detected.
Editing Fire Detectors
After a fire detector has been entered and inserted into the database, it can be viewed and
modified.
The grid view shows all of the attributes of the detector, including an Enabled Check box. By
default, the box is checked but can be unchecked in the grid view to allow calculations to be run
with, or without, consideration of that particular detector. If the user desires to edit the
detector clicking on the edit icon (i.e., the pencil) will bring the edit page back up.
66
Viewing Fire Detector Layout
After fire detectors have been entered, their placement can be verified using the FGS Layout
page. The FGS Layout page is accessed by selecting the FGS Layout page icon in the action
ribbon.
In the FGS layout page, fire detectors will be shown in the plan view, at the x-y location that was
entered into the database, and also will be drawn the with rotation angle that corresponds to
the database.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add a fire detector to the Butane
Storage Facility. The fire detector will be located have the following attributes:
X=0.5, Y=0.5, Z=12, Dec=-30, Rot=30, RHO=50
Section 6 Exercises
Please complete the Section 6 exercises shown below.
Exercise 6-1 – Enter the Wellhead Platform Fire Detector Data
Edit the wellhead platform studies to include fire detection equipment. Use your best judgment
to select appropriate locations for detectors and your, or your company’s, preference for
equipment types.
67
Section 6 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 6 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 6 Quiz
1. Where does the data in the Effigy database regarding fire detector performance
originate?
a. Vendor FM 3260 testing
b. Vendor ISA 84.00.07 testing
c. Third party IEC 61508 certification
d. Kenexis in-house testing
2. If a fire detector is pointed straight down at the floor, what is its declination angle?
a. 0
b. 90
c. -90
d. 180
3. What is the best way to run a model of fire coverage that does not consider the
beneficial effect of a certain detector?
a. Remove it from the database
b. Create a new study that does not include the detector
c. Uncheck the Enabled check box in the fire detector list
d. Add a small obstruction directly in front of the detector
4. What radiant heat output is most representative of the best design basis fire size for a
high risk area where a very small fire is desired to be detected?
a. 5 kW
b. 10 kW
c. 50 kW
d. 300 kW
5. Which fire detector attribute cannot be checked by viewing the FGS layout page?
a. X Coordinate
b. Y Coordinate
c. Rotation Angle
d. Declination Angle
68
Section 7 – Working with Gas Detectors
Data entry and management for gas detectors is performed in the Gas Detector Data Grid,
which is very similar in structure and use to the Fire Detector Data Grid.
Adding and Removing Gas Detectors
Adding new gas detectors to a study is done by clicking the Add New Record button in the top
left corner of the title bar of the grid. Deleting equipment items is performed by clicking on the
delete icon on the row of the detector that you would like to delete
Gas Detector Input Screen
After clicking Add New Record, the user will be presented with the fire detector input tab.
Name
The name field allows entry of a tag name or tag number for the gas detector instrument.
Type
Effigy allows selection of specific makes and models of gas detectors. The selection of a specific
make and model of detector is performed by selecting the device from the drop down list.
69
Location
The location represents to X, Y, and Z coordinate of the detector. If the type of detector that is
selected is an open path detector, the form will expand to require the X, Y, and Z coordinates of
the receiver as well as the emitter.
Detectable Concentration
The detectable concentration parameter reflects the set point of the detector. This value is set
in parts per million, and is set for the lowest alarm point of the detector.
Critical Cloud Diameter
The critical cloud diameter that is entered into Effigy is a metric that sets the size of a gas cloud
that is intended to be detected by the gas detection array. This design basis gas cloud is
typically set by operating companies in their FGS Philosophy documents and other corporate
standards. In some cases, determination of this design basis gas cloud size is performed by
dispersion modeling of a small leak. Determination a cloud sizes is outside the scope of this
training class, but more information is available in the references in Section 11 of this workbook.
Some typical design gas basis gas cloud sizes, for combustible gas clouds, include:


5 m (15 feet) – Releases of methane in a moderately congested area (~30% obstruction
ratio)
10 m (30 feet) – Release of methane in an open area with few obstructions
70
Editing Gas Detectors
After a gas detector has been entered and inserted into the database, it can be viewed and
modified.
The grid view shows all of the attributes of the detector, including an Enabled check box. By
default, the box is checked but can be unchecked in the grid view to allow calculations to be run
with, or without, consideration of that particular detector. In the user desires to edit the
detector, this can be done by clicking on the edit icon (i.e., the pencil), which will bring up the
edit page for that detector.
Viewing Gas Detector Layout
After gas detectors have been entered, their placement can be verified using the FGS Layout
page. The FGS Layout page is accessed by selecting the FGS Layout page icon in the action
ribbon.
In the FGS Layout page, gas detectors will be shown in the plan view, at the x-y location that was
entered into the database. The figure for a gas detector is a circle with an “X” through it. In the
71
case of an open path detector, both the emitter and receiver will be shown with a dashed line
connecting them.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they add a gas detectors to the Butane
Storage Facility.
Section 7 Exercises
Please complete the Section 7 exercises shown below.
Exercise 7-1 – Enter the Wellhead Platform Gas Detector Data
Edit the wellhead platform studies to include gas detection equipment. Use your best judgment
to select appropriate locations for detectors and your, or your company’s, preference for
equipment types. Use at least one open path and one point detector on each deck.
Section 7 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 7 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 7 Quiz
1. What additional information is required to be input for an open path gas detector that is
not required for a point gas detector?
a. Detectable concentration
b. Sensitivity
c. Radiant heat output
d. Receiver location
2. Is it possible to model an open path detector that has a different elevation for the
emitter than the receiver in Effigy?
a. True
b. False
c. Open path detectors cannot be modeled in Effigy
d. Open path detectors cannot be installed with different emitter and receiver
elevations
72
3. What are the units of detectable concentration?
a. Mass percentage
b. Parts per million (ppm)
c. Molar percentage
d. Parts per billion (ppb)
4. What combustible gas cloud size is most representative of the best design basis gas
cloud size for an area that is moderately congested?
a. 5 feet
b. 5 meters
c. 10 feet
d. 10 meters
5. How does the Effigy FGS Layout Page demonstrate that two gas detectors are the emitter
and receiver of an open path pair?
a. They are connected on the drawing with a dashed line
b. The emitter is marked with an ‘E’ and the receiver is marked with an ‘R’
c. The relationship must be determined from the gas detector data grid
d. There is no indication on the FGS Layout page
73
Section 8 – Running Coverage Calculations
After data input has been completed, users are required to employ the Effigy calculation
engines to develop coverage map graphical results and tabular coverage data results. Prior to
the calculation engine being employed, the user will be presented with a screen indicating that
results have not been prepared when attempting to view a results page.
Initiation of the calculation engine is performed on the Run Calculations page. Users access the
Run Calculations page by clicking on the Run Calculations button on the action ribbon.
Clicking on the Run Calculations button will direct the user to the Run Calculations page. The
Run Calculations page provides a set a selection criteria for determining which calculations
should be executed by the calculation engine, provides the status of existing calculations
contained in the database, and provides a status update of calculations that are currently being
executed by the calculation engine.
74
Calculation Selection
In many cases, an analyst that is using Effigy is not required to run all of the calculations that
Effigy is capable of calculating. In order to preserve time, the analyst can select only the
calculations that they desire. Selecting a calculation to be performed is done by checking the
check box beside the calculation type.
Calculation Status
Once the desired calculations have been selected, the user can click on the Run button to begin
execution of the coverage algorithms. Depending on the types of analysis being performed, the
calculations can be limited to just a few seconds, or may run for hours if a large number of
scenarios are included in the database. While the calculation is running the user can view the
status of the calculations. Directly next to the calculation type is a color-coded bar that
indicates the current status of execution of a calculation.
75
Prior to starting a calculation run, the progress status will show either:



Current (White) – Calculations have been run and are consistent with the current input
data in the database
OutOfDate (Red) – The calculations are not valid as the data in the database has been
changed since the last calculation run
Pending (Yellow) – The calculation type has been selected for execution in the next
calculation engine run.
After the calculation engine is started, all selected calculations begin with being marked Pending
and having a yellow background. As the calculation progresses, a light blue progress bar will fill
the progress indicator until the calculation is complete. After completion, the progress bar will
be changed to blue with the text “Complete”. Depending on the speed of execution of the
algorithm, the progress indicator often goes directly from Pending to complete, as the
calculation runs faster at the server than the update communication between the browser and
server.
Calculation Options
In addition to the calculations page, another location that contains options for calculation is the
Study Setting Page. Clicking on the Study Settings icon in the Action Ribbon will bring you to the
study settings page.
76
The Study Settings page contains a number of user options for viewing, data entry, and
calculations.
With respect to calculations, the study settings page allows the user whether they would like to
perform gas geographic coverage fully in three dimensions (which is the fault) or only in two
dimensions at the analysis elevation. In either case, the graphical results that are presented are
for the analysis elevation only, but when 3D is selected, the tabular results are for the full three
dimensional space.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they run coverage calculations for the
Butane Storage Facility.
Section 8 Exercises
Please complete the Section 8 exercises shown below.
Exercise 8-1 – Run Coverage Calculations for the Wellhead Platform
Run the coverage calculations for the wellhead platform case study. Note the progress
indicators as the calculations run. Ensure that the gas geographic coverage calculations are
done fully in 3D. Viewing the results will be covered in the next section.
77
Section 8 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 8 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Section 8 Quiz
1. From which page are calculations executed?
a. Run Calculations
b. Study Settings
c. Fire Geo Page
d. Gas Geo Page
2. When a gas geographic coverage map is created, for what elevation are the graphical
results presented?
a. All elevations
b. 1.5, 4.5, and 9 feet
c. The user selected Analysis Elevation
d. None of the above
3. What does the calculation progress indicator say when a detector location has been
changed after an analysis has been completed?
a. Current
b. Pending
c. OutOfDate
d. Complete
4. A user can select which calculations they would like to perform?
a. True
b. False
c. Only in the Enterprise version
d. Only when Study Settings have selected a 2D model
5. How can a user tell if a calculation run has been completed?
a. The study progress bar will be labeled Current
b. The study progress bar will be labeled Results are Ready for Viewing
c. The study progress bar will have a light blue progress indication half way across the
bar
d. The only way to know is to go to the fire geo results page and see if the screen says
“Out of Date”
78
Section 9 – Viewing and Interpreting Results
After an analysis has been completed, users of Effigy are then required to interpret the results.
A number of different results pages are available allowing different view of the coverage and
risk profiles of a facility with respect to fire and gas hazards. The results pages include:






Fire Geographic Coverage
Gas Geographic Coverage
Fire Geographic Risk
Gas Geographic Risk
Fire Residual Risk
Gas Residual Risk
Fire Geographic Coverage
The Fire Geographic Coverage page shows graphical and tabular results of the geographic
coverage provided by a fire detector array given the locations, orientations, and performance
characteristics of the detectors along with the detrimental impact of the obstructions.
Legend
The legend area provides definitions for the symbols and colors that are used to express
coverage results.
79
Graded Area View Selection
The different graded areas present in the overall zone can be seen outlined in the map drawing
as blue lines that form the border between areas. Additionally, the coverage map for a specific
zone can be isolated by selecting the grade that the user wishes to view from the Select Grade
to Display drop-down box.
Coverage Results
The coverage results, for the selected elevation of interest, are presented in tabular format for
the zone as a whole and also independently for each of the grades that are present in the zone.
80
Certification
The results pages also contains a certification section with information related to the
certification credentials of the analyst and the zone itself. The certification section lists the user
who ran the calculation that generated the coverage results and map. This person’s name and
certification number – if he or she has one – is automatically collected from the user database
when the calculations are run. If the user is not a certified user of Effigy, the certificate field will
show UNCERTIFIED. The Zone Certificate Number will be empty if the zone was not certified by
a Kenexis analyst, or will show a certification number if a Kenexis analyst reviewed and certified
the coverage mapping calculations.
Optimizing Coverage Results
Fire detector coverage is not always optimal after the first analysis of an initial design. If the
selected performance targets for a zone have been greatly exceeded it is possible that detectors
can be removed –saving money. If coverage has not been achieved, detectors may need to be
added to the array, or possibly detectors might simply need to be re-arranged to provide better
coverage, and less overlap.
Determine Deviation from Performance Target
The starting point for optimization of fire detector coverage optimization is determination of the
difference between performance targets and achieved results. In some cases a target will be
defined for one or more detectors, requiring the sum of the “green” and “yellow” coverages. In
other cases, a 2ooN performance target might be set which will be required to be achieved by
the “green” coverage alone. If the achieved coverage is greater than the performance target,
but not excessively in excess of the target, then the proposed fire detector array design is
adequate. If the performance targets are greatly exceeded, the user might wish to consider
81
removing detectors. If the performance targets are not achieved the user is required to modify
the design in order to achieve the selected performance targets.
Identify Areas of Insufficient Coverage
If coverage results are not sufficient, view the coverage map to identify areas where the
coverage is insufficient and add detection equipment that is capable of covering that location.
Area of Low
Coverage
For instance, in the Fire geographical coverage map above, the area in the top right of the map
where there are large areas of red, indication no fire coverage, would be an area to target for
increased fire coverage if the selected fire coverage targets had not been achieved with the
initial layout.
Gas Geographic Coverage
The Gas Geographic Coverage page shows graphical and tabular results of the geographic
coverage provided by a gas detector array given the location and performance characteristics of
the detectors, along with design basis gas cloud sizes.
82
Legend
The legend area provides definitions for the symbols and colors that are used to express
coverage results.
Navigating the Gas Geographic Coverage Screen
The gas detection geographic coverage screen operates in a fashion that is very similar to the
fire detection geographic coverage. The sections and tools for grade display, certification, and
coverage results all operate in an identical fashion to what was discussed for fire detection
geographic coverage.
Geographic Risk (Fire and Gas)
The Gas Geographic Risk and the Fire Geographic Risk pages display a geographic risk profiles of
the release scenarios that have been defined for the zone. The results shown on this page
simply present the level of risk associated with the area and do not consider the beneficial
effect of fire and gas detection equipment.
83
The figure that is presented on the geographic risk screens are developed by considering the
dimensions of all of the risk scenarios that were input for each equipment item. The risk
integration algorithm then takes the release and distributes the release in multiple directions
(32 for the figures presented above), and adjusts the frequencies associated with the different
directions based on the wind direction data for the facility. The resulting diagram presents a
color coded map of the frequency at which either a fire or a gas cloud will exist in a given
location. The color coding can be converted to a frequency using the color legend.
The overall frequency of releases, summing all frequencies of all scenarios from all equipment
items in the zone, is also presented.
84
The value of the geographic risk screens are that they clearly demonstrate where the highest
areas of risk are. This allows better placement of the initial detector layout by allowing the
analyst to focus where leaks are most likely to occur.
Residual Risk (Fire and Gas)
The Residual Risk pages display the geographic risk profiles of the gas release and fire scenarios
that have been defined for the zone that have not been detected by the FGS detection array
defined for the zone.
The figures that are presented in the residual risk profile demonstrate the risk that is presented
by scenarios that are not detected by the fire and gas detection array. The residual risk profile
map indicates the frequency at which a gas release or fire will exist in a given location which is
not detected by the FGS equipment. The map generated by this screen provides a great degree
of value in that areas where the results are drawn in hotter colors are areas where undetected
release risk is the highest. This allows an analyst to quickly see where additional detectors
should be added to achieve the highest risk reduction benefit.
As with the geographic risk, the frequency associated with the colors of the risk profile can be
read from the legend.
85
The results tabulation for the residual risk provides more additional data beyond that total
scenario frequency that was presented on the geographic risk page. The residual risk page also
presents the following metrics.



Mitigated Release Frequency – the summation of all of the frequencies of all of the
release scenarios that are detected
Residual Release Frequency – the summation of all of the frequencies of all of the
release scenarios that are NOT detected
Scenario Coverage Factor – The ratio of the summation of all of the frequencies of all of
the release scenarios that are detected divided by the total release frequency
Printing Results
Results of Effigy studies can be printed using the context sensitive print function. Print
functionality is accessed by clicking on the Print button in the action ribbon.
Clicking on the Print button in the action ribbon will create a new browser screen with a page
that is optimized for printing on a printer whose size setting was selected in your user
preference section.
86
When the page is displayed (see below for a sample print page for a gas residual risk result) use
the browsers functionality to send the page to the printer.
It is important to note that the print page has been optimized for printed with 0.5 inch margins
for top, bottom, left, and right, and no heater or footer printing. Many web browsers will have
default settings to cause the printing of Effigy Reports to be inconsistent. The user must change
the settings to allow for optimized printing. The settings for Internet Explorer 11.0 are shown
below.
87
Exporting a Completed Study
In many cases, a user might want to export data from a study so that it can be modified and reimported, or imported by a different user on a different KISS server. Effigy has the capability to
allow an entire study to be exported as a Microsoft Excel file. The export functionality is
accessed by clicking on the export button in the Action Ribbon.
Clicking on the export button will generate a standard dialog box related to the downloading of
a file from the internet.
Using this dialog (which varies depending on operating system and browser) the user is able to
select a file name and destination where the export file will be downloaded.
Once the file is downloaded, opening the file will show that data from the database, for the
project, will be moved into different excel worksheets based on the Effigy Tables in which the
data is stored. There will be several worksheets in the Effigy output file including:

Study
88








Grade Definitions
Wind
Fire Detectors
Gas Detectors
Obstructions
Fire Scenarios
Gas Scenarios
Graded Areas
The Excel data file can be manipulated offline, for such tasks as bulk data input or manipulation,
and then re-imported into any account on any KISS server.
INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE
Work along with the instructor as they view and interpret coverage
calculations for the Butane Storage Facility.
Section 9 Exercises
Please complete the Section 9 exercises shown below.
Exercise 9-1 – Interpret Coverage Calculations for the Wellhead Platform
Interpret the coverage calculations of the Wellhead platform case study. Where required
modify the design in order to ensure that appropriate performance targets have been achieved
without the use of excessive amounts of detection equipment.
Exercise 9-2 – Print and Export Wellhead Platform Results
Print the geographic and scenario coverage results for fire detection and gas detection to a PDF
(or equivalent) electronic file, and then export the studies to Excel spreadsheets. Review the
contents of the export in order to better understand the database structure.
Section 9 Quiz
Please complete the questions in the Section 9 quiz shown below. If you’re taking the online
course, you will want to either work directly in the online quiz form, or work in this workbook
and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
89
Section 9 Quiz
1. Which of the following pages does not present coverage or risk analysis results?
a. Fire Geographic Coverage
b. Gas Geographic Risk
c. Fire Residual Risk
d. FGS Layout
2. What color represents an area on a geographic coverage map where if a fire or gas
release were to occur more than two detectors would be able to detect the situation?
a. Green
b. Yellow
c. Red
d. Blue
3. What does color represent in a gas release residual risk map?
a. The frequency at which a gas release will existing in a given location
b. The frequency at which a gas release or a fire will existing in a given location
c. The frequency at which a gas release will exist in a given location that is not detected
by the gas detection array
d. The frequency at which gas releases occur in the zone
4. A user can select which calculations they would like to perform?
a. True
b. False
c. Only in the Enterprise version
d. Only when Study Settings have selected a 2D model
5. In what format is an Effigy study exported?
a. Microsoft Word
b. Microsoft Excel
c. Structured Query Language (SQL)
d. Internet Database Format (IDF)
90
Section 10 – 3D Viewer
The Effigy software module provides numerous ways to visualize data about fire and gas
detection equipment. Most of the results are presented as plan view, as are the grading maps
and detector layout drawings. In addition to these standard plan view methods for visualizing
fire and gas mapping, the Effigy module also provides a 3D viewer. The 3D viewer allows the
user to manipulate the drawing itself, and the results maps fully in three dimensions, adding a
rich viewing and analysis experience in order to help users to more fully connect with their FGS
designs.
The 3D view is accessed by selecting the 3D view icon in the action ribbon.
This action will load the 3D viewer page. It should be noted that for large projects with many
equipment items defined, loading the screen may take several seconds, as the entire definition
of the facility under study will need to be loaded into the browser in enough detail for it to be
manipulated as well as viewed. The 3D viewer screen has two primary sections, the interface
panel and the drawing canvas.
Interface Panel
91
Drawing Canvas
Drawing Canvas
The drawing canvas is the portion of the screen where the 3D image is shown. The 3D image
can be manipulated by taking mouse actions on the screen. Depending on the interaction mode
(described later in the interface panel section), the drawing can be zoomed and shrunk by either
using the mouse roller or clicking and dragging if the viewer is in zoom mode. Moving the
contents of the drawing up and down or from side to side can be done by clicking and dragging
when in pan mode, and rotating the drawing can be done by clicking and dragging in orbit
mode. Zooming using the mouse wheel is available regardless of the interaction mode of the
canvas.
Interface Panel
The interface panel is where the user interacts with the contents of the drawing canvas. The
interface panel contains the following sections.






Collapse/Expand tool
Results Selector
Interaction Modes
Defined Views
Visible Range Selectors
Object List
Expand / Collapse Tool
Results Selector
Interaction Mode
Defined Views
Visible Range Selectors
Object List
92
Collapse/Expand Tool
The collapse tool, shown as the word collapse as a hyperlink. When clicked, the interface panel
will collapse to a minimal size, only leaving the “Expand” link on the panel, which when clicked
will re-expand the interface panel to its full size.
Results Selector
Effigy can calculate six different result sets, as discussed in Section 9 – Viewing and Interpreting
Results. Each of these different results types can be viewed as the analysis plane in the 3D
viewer. The selection is made from the results selector drop-down list.
Fire Geographic Coverage
Gas Geographic Coverage
93
Gas Geographic Risk
Gas Residual Risk
Interaction Modes
Effigy employs three different interaction modes to define the way that a mouse click and drag
event effects the view on the drawing canvas.



Zoom
Pan
Orbit
Zoom Mode
In zoom mode, clicking the mouse on the drawing canvas and dragging it up will cause the
image to zoom in, while dragging it down will cause the drawing to shrink. Additionally, using
the mouse wheel also causes zooming in and out to occur, but this action will occur regardless
of the interaction mode.
Pan Mode
In pan mode, clicking and dragging the mouse will cause the contents of the drawing to move
along either the X, Y, or Z axis, depending on the direction in which the pan drag occurs. When
the mouse is clicked in pan mode the X, Y, and, Z axes are drawn into the canvas to assist the
user in moving the drawing canvas contents.
94
Orbit Mode
In orbit mode, the contents of the drawing canvas are rotated. Depending on the direction in
when the mouse is moved, the contents of the drawing will rotate in that direction around the
center point of the drawing canvas.
Defined Views
Effigy contains a series of defined views that allow the user to select common perspectives with
a single mouse click. The defined views include north, east, west, south, and top.
Top View
North View
95
Additionally, each optical fire detector is listed in the defined view section. When a detector is
selected here, the view shown on the drawing canvas the view from the detector’s location.
Detector View Point
Visible Range Selector
Effigy allows the viewer to crop a drawing in three dimensions to focus the view on a particular
area of interest. The cropping is done with the visible range slider. As shown below, there are 6
sliders for three dimensional cropping.
X-Axis, Positive Slider
As the slider as moved, the objects that are not entirely included in the non-cropped space are
removed from the drawing.
96
Effect of Progressive 3D Cropping
Object List
The object list includes all of the items that are part of the study that can be drawn in the 3D
view. The object list includes the following items:






Equipment Items
Fire Detectors
Gas Detectors
Analysis Plane
Walls
View All
When a drawing is first brought up on the 3D viewer page, all of the objects in the drawing are
shown in the View All mode. Subsequently, individual items can be selected for isolation or
deletion. Selecting an item on the list will isolate that object in color, and set the rest of the
drawing to wireframe.
97
Clicking the delete button on the keyboard will then remove that selected object from the 3D
view.
Subsequently, clicking on the asterisk (*) at the bottom of the object list will return to the View
All mode.
It is important to note the deleting items out of the 3D view does not remove them from the
project database, it simply removes them from the current view. Reloading the 3D viewer page
will bring all database objects back into the drawing canvas.
Section 10 Exercises
Please complete the Section 10 exercise shown below.
Exercise 10-1 – Interpret Coverage Calculations for the Wellhead Platform
View the facility and mapping results for the Wellhead platform case study using the 3SD
viewer.
98
Section 11 – Summary
This training course presented the use of the Effigy fire and gas mapping software module of the
Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite. The course presented:








Overall structure of Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite
Using the Project Manager to handle user information, facilities, and multiple studies
An overview of navigating through the Effigy module
Managing equipment items in a study
Managing fire detectors in a study
Managing gas detectors in a study
Running coverage calculations
Viewing and interpreting results
Post-Instructional Survey
Please complete the questions in the post-instructional survey shown below. Your responses to
these questions will help the instructor, in a live instructor lead course offering, to emphasize
areas which require the most attention. In addition, the comparison between survey results
prior to the course and after the course will help you to gauge the amount of learning that
you’ve accomplished, regardless of whether you’re taking an instructor lead course or an online offering. If you’re taking the online course, you will want to work directly in the online quiz
form, or work in this workbook and then transfer the results to the online quiz form.
Post-Instructional Survey
1. The Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite (KISS) of Software is provided in which
format?
a. Software as a Service (SaaS), over the internet and accessed by any standard web
browser
b. Desktop application, that requires a dedicated desktop computer
c. As a standalone server accessed by dedicated user terminals
d. As an iPad Application, downloaded from the iTunes store
2. KISS can be accessed through which of the following browser types?
a. Microsoft Internet Explorer
b. Apple Safari
c. Google Chrome
d. All of the above
3. How do you create a new Effigy study?
a. Submit a new study request to Kenexis technical support
99
b. Click on the New Study button in the Project Manager action ribbon and select “FGS
Design Basis” as the type
c. Click on the New Study button in the Project Manager action ribbon and select “SIS
Design Basis” as the type
d. Click on Calculate Results in the Effigy action ribbon
4. In which section of KISS can a user make a copy of an FGS study so that what-if analysis
can be performed on the copy without affecting the original study?
a. Project Manager
b. Facility Manager
c. Library Manager
d. Risk Manager
5. In which format are Effigy studies exported and imported?
a. XAML files
b. Microsoft Excel Files
c. SQL Server Database Tables
d. Stereo Lithographs
6. Which users can access data about a facility?
a. Everyone
b. The person who created the facility
c. The person who created the facility and persons to whom the owner has given
access
d. Anyone who works at the facility
7. In which area of the Effigy application can you navigate to the different calculation and
results screens?
a. The workspace
b. The tree view
c. The study list
d. The action ribbon
8. Which users can access data about a study?
a. Everyone
b. The person who created the study
c. The person who created the facility in which the study resides and persons to whom
the owner has given access
d. Anyone who works at the facility
9. In what formats can a facility overlay graphic be uploaded into Effigy?
a. JPEG
b. TIFF
c. PNG
d. All of the above
10. What information is entered in the Wind Data form of the Overview Page?
a. The average wind speed of different geographic directions
100
b. The atmospheric stability used in dispersion calculations
c. Fraction of Time Wind is coming from a certain direction
d. None of the above
11. How many different graded area types are included by default?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
12. What is the best choice for equipment item geometry type for an analyzer shack?
a. Sphere
b. Cylinder
c. Pressure Vessel H
d. Cuboid
13. What is the best approach for modeling a series (10-15) of instrument process
connection tubes that are run in parallel but 5-10 centimeters apart?
a. Treat the collection of tubes as a solid and model them as a series of cuboids
b. Model each individual tube as a series of cylinders
c. Do not model them as they are too small to obstruct a fire
d. Use a stereo lithograph file to break the system down into a series a triangular
obstructions
14. If a room is irregularly shaped, having a rectangular portion of the floor plan removed by
walls, how can that be modeled in Effigy?
a. The zone is defined as rectangle and the irregular section is removed by defining it as
a cuboid obstruction
b. The zone is modeled as a rectangle and any error resulting from the irregular shaping
is ignored
c. The zone shape is drawn as a multiple point polygon and smoothed with a Bezier
curve
d. This type of room cannot be modeled
15. Data for each optical fire detector regarding its field of vision is determined from what
source?
a. Kenexis laboratory analysis of detector performance
b. Manufacturer certification documentation for SIL 2 compliance with IEC 61508
c. Manufacturer reporting of the results of testing in accordance with the FM 3260
standard
d. All fire detectors have the same performance and are modeled identically
16. The RHO (radiant heat output) parameter that is used to define fire detector
performance is best described as a measure of what?
a. The amount of infrared radiation that causes a detector to activate
b. The size of the fire that is desired to be detected
c. The amount of attenuation of thermal radiation due to absorption by humid air
101
d. The sensitivity setting of the detector
17. What additional information is required to model an open path gas detector as opposed
to a single point gas detector?
a. The location of the detector in addition to the location of the emitter
b. The maximum distance recommended for installation by the manufacturer
c. The average humidity of the process area
d. None of the above
18. What design basis gas cloud size is the most appropriate if the design basis is detection
of the minimum methane gas cloud size that can cause harm in a moderately congested
area?
a. 3 meters
b. 5 meters
c. 8 meters
d. 10 meters
19. In a geographic coverage map what does the color green represent?
a. An area that not covered
b. An area that has been excluded from the study
c. An area where a single detector can detect the hazard
d. An area where two or more detectors can detect the hazard
20. In a gas scenario coverage residual risk map what does each color represent?
a. The frequency at which a gas cloud is expected to occur
b. The number of detectors that can view a certain location
c. The frequency at which a gas cloud that is not detectable by the gas detector array
will exist
d. The amount of risk present in a given location
102
Section 11 – Resources and More Information
Kenexis FGS Engineering Handbook, Austin Bryan, Elizabeth Smith, Kevin Mitchell,
Kenexis, Columbus, OH, 2014.
ISA TR84.00.07 – Guidance on the Evaluation of Fire & Gas System Effectiveness,
ISA, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2010.
Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers Center for Chemical Process Safety, New York, NY, 1999.
Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Frank P. Lees, Butterworth Heinemann,
Oxford, 1996.
103
Section 12 – Acronyms
CPQRA
Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Assessment
FGS
Fire and Gas System
FM
Factory Mutual
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IIS
Internet Information Server
ISA
International Society for Automation
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
KISS
Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite
NGL
Natural Gas Liquids
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
QRA
Quantitative Risk Assessment
SaaS
Software as a Service
SIL
Safety Integrity Level
SIS
Safety Instrumented Systems
SQL
Structured Query Language
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
104
Section 13 – Glossary
Categorization
Cone-of-Vision
Coverage
Detector Array
Detector Coverage
Detector Location
Detector Orientation
Dispersion Modeling
Elevation of Interest
Extents of Graded Areas
FGS Philosophy
Fire Hazards
Frequency
Frustum
Selection of an appropriate classification of a system, usually from
a fixed list within a limited number of items
The extent of an area that a detector (usually an optical fire
detector) can monitor, given its location and orientation as well as
taking into account traits that are specific to each detector type
The extent of an area that a detector can monitor, given its
location, declination, and orientation while accounting for
obstructions that may detract from its ability to monitor an area
as well as taking into account traits that are specific to each
detector type
Comprising all detectors monitoring a specific zone, and inclusive
of its location, orientation, elevation, and setting
Percentage of an area at the elevation of interest where a fire or
gas loud is detectable by the fire and gas system. Detector
coverage can be defined as either geographic coverage or scenario
coverage
This refers to the placement of fire and gas detectors. This
includes the detector’s relation to specific equipment or an origin
point as well as the elevation.
This refers to the direction a detector is facing, in relation to
specific equipment or an origin point.
A mathematical model of the movement and diffusion of gas in
the atmosphere. The model allows for the estimation of the gas
concentration based on the distance from the gas source.
The elevation at which a fire and gas mapping exercise will display
the detector coverage results in two dimensions.
The specific distance from a leak source that is included in a
graded area when calculating detector coverage results.
A set of documents that define the tools, techniques, policies,
performance criteria, and the procedures surrounding fire and gas
system design.
Any process fluid or gas that can be released or generated which,
if a source of ignition is found, can result in a fire
Rate of occurrence, i.e., occurrences per unit time
The part of a conical solid left after cutting off a top portion with a
plane parallel to the base
105
Geographic Coverage
Effectiveness of the proposed array of detectors with a given
voting arrangement in detecting an incipient hazard at a level that
will initiate a specified safety action.
Geographic Risk
The frequency at which a gas release will existing in a given
location
Grade
A specification that defines the ability of an FGS function to
detect, alarm, and if necessary, mitigate the consequence of a fire
or gas release upon a demand condition
Jet Fire
Jet fires result due to ignition of a release at or close to the point
of release resulting in a momentum driven turbulent jet fire. The
consequence is measured by the shape of the flame and the
resulting pattern of thermal radiation effects which can be
strongly influenced by meteorological conditions and flame
impingement.
Leak Rate
Frequency at which leaks occur in a given piece of equipment,
sensitive to equipment type of hole size.
Leak Source
A vessel, pump, or other type of process equipment that has the
potential to release hazardous contents into the process area.
Obstruction
An object in modeling that is representative of piping, equipment,
or vessels that serves to limit the area which a detector is able to
monitor.
Open Path Gas Detector
Gas detector which uses an infrared ben to measure combustible
gas concentrations. Open path detectors consist of a transmitter
and receiver, measuring the concentration of combustible gas in
units of %LFL*m.
Optical Fire Detection
Fire detectors which detect wavelengths of UV/IR light that are
emitted during combustion.
Performance Requirements The required level of availability and detector coverage for a FGS
to meet the minimum risk mitigation.
Plot Plan
A diagram which shows the buildings, utilities, and equipment
layout in relation to the surrounding area of a project site at a
defined scale.
Point Gas Detection
Gas detector (combustible or toxic) which measures gas
concentrations at a single point in space.
Pool Fire
Pool fires result due to ignition of spilled combustible liquids
resulting in a turbulent diffusion fire. The consequence is
measured by the size of the pool and the shape of the flame. Pool
fires emit thermal radiation extending outward from the pool in
all directions.
Residual Risk
The frequency at which a gas release will exist in a given location
that is not detected by the gas detection array
106
Scenario Coverage
Source Term
Voting
Voting Arrangement
Zone
The fraction of release scenarios that would occur as a result of
the loss of containment from pieces of equipment of a defined
and monitored process area that can be detected by release
detection equipment, considering the frequency and magnitude
of the release scenarios and the defined voting arrangement of
the fire and gas system.
A model used to determine rate of discharge, the total quantity
released (or total time) of a discharge of material from a process,
and the physical state of the discharged material.
Redundant system (e.g., m-out-of-n, one-out-of-two [1oo2] to trip,
two-out-of-three [2oo3] to trip, etc.) which requires at least m out
of a total of n channels to be in agreement before the FGS can
take action.
The logic used in voting (e.g., one-out-of-two [1oo2])
Zones should be defined based on location of process equipment
and the attendant hazards. Fire hazards within a zone should be
similar. Gas hazards within each zone should be similar
107
Index
access type, 44
Account Information, 42
action ribbon, 37, 48, 103
Action Ribbon, 34, 47, 92
Add New Record, 58, 68, 71, 75, 83
Add New Study, 37
analysis elevation, 51
angle of rotation, 62
application status, 44
Asset Owner, 50
Back to Study List, 49
Backups, 27
Baseline Study, 37, 38
browser, 30
calculation engine, 89
Calculation Options, 92
Calculation Selection, 90
Calculation Status, 91
certification, 97
certification number, 44
change password, 43
Change Password, 43
concentration, 69
Copy Study, 37
Corona Effect, 76
coverage results, 97
critical cloud diameter, 85
cuboids, 61
Current, 91
cylinders, 61
declination angle, 77
delete icon, 59
Delete Study, 37
detectable concentration, 84
dispersion model, 69
edge marking, 64
Edit Study, 37
elevation of interest shading, 64
Enabled, 80, 85
endpoint, 68
Equipment Data Grid, 75
Equipment Items, 49, 58
expand, 63
export, 105
Export, 49
facility list, 35
Facility List, 34
facility manager, 39
Facility Manager, 37, 38
FGS Layout, 48, 63, 80, 86
Field of view, 76
filter, 36
fire detectors, 75
Fire Detectors, 49
Fire Geo, 48
Fire Geo Risk, 48
Fire Geographic Coverage, 95
Fire Geographic Risk, 95, 100
Fire Res Risk, 48
Fire Residual Risk, 95
Fire Scenarios, 58, 70
FM 3260, 76
footprint, 68
frequency, 69, 71, 101
Gas Detector Data Grid, 83
gas detectors, 83
Gas Detectors, 49
gas dispersion, 68
Gas Geo, 48
Gas Geo Risk, 48
Gas Geographic Coverage, 95, 99
Gas Geographic Risk, 95, 100
Gas release scenarios, 67
Gas Release Scenarios, 58
Gas Res Risk, 48
Gas Residual Risk, 95
gas scenarios, 68
geographic risk, 100
geometry, 60
grade, 66
108
Grade Type, 65
Graded Area, 66
Graded Area page, 66
graded areas, 96
Graded areas, 64
Graded Areas, 58
grading definitions, 53
Grading Definitions, 50
hole size, 69
import study, 38
Import Study, 37
inclination, 62
inclination angle, 62
Jet Fire, 71
Kenexis Instrumented Safeguard Suite, 26
KISS, 26
KISS public node, 30
Leak rate, 69
legend, 96, 99, 102
Library Manager, 37, 41
location, 60
Mitigated Release Frequency, 103
New from Template, 37, 38
node. See
nodes, 26
Obstruction, 58
obstruction box, 60
offset, 69, 71
OutOfDate, 91
overlay, 52, 63
overview, 49
Overview, 48, 50
overview page, 47
Pending, 91
Pool Fires, 71
Primary Inclusion Distance, 54
Print, 103
Private Node URL, 31
private nodes, 28
private server, 29
Project Manager, 34
Project Number, 50
public node, 28
radiant heat output, 78
Residual Release Frequency, 103
Residual Risk, 102
Revision, 36
Revision name, 52
revision notes, 52
Risk Manager, 37, 41
rotation, 62
rotation angle, 62
Run Calculations, 49, 89
Scenario Coverage Factor, 103
Secondary Inclusion Distance, 54
Secondary Inclusion Grade, 54
Select Grade, 96
sensitivity, 77
size, 61
Study List, 34, 35
study list., 36
Study name, 50
Study Name, 35
Study Overview, 47
Study Owner, 35
Study Setting, 49, 92
Study Settings, 51
Study Type, 35
support, 31
tangent to tangent, 61
title bar, 35
Title Bar, 34, 47, 48
Tree View, 47, 49, 58
type, 60
uniform resource locator, 30
URL, 30
user information, 42
Users, 40
vessels, 61
wind data, 54
Wind Data, 50
Workspace, 47, 49
109
110