Delta RV Eighth Grade Science Revised-2009 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources recognize elements (unique atoms) and Objects, and compounds (molecules the or crystals) are pure materials substances that have they are characteristic properties. made of, describe the PHYSICAL have AND CHEMICAL properties PROPERTIES (examples— that can be magnetic attraction, conductivity, melting point used to describe and and boiling point, reactivity) of pure substances (elements classify or compounds) (examples— them copper wire, aluminum wire, iron, charcoal, sulfur, water, salt, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, galena, quartz, magnetite, pyrite) using appropriate senses and tools. 3.5 1.2 1.6 Recall Students will: Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes in Matter Skill/Concept A 3.5 4.1 1.2 1.3 1 The periodic table will be used to identify elements and compounds. using magnetic force, conductivity, melting point and boiling point, classify various elements and compounds into specific groups. Assessment Students will use the periodic chart to correctly determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Terms are used correctly and explained. Teacher observation Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Properties of matter can be explained in terms of moving particles too small to be seen without tremendous magnification Students will: Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes of Matter describe evidence (examples— diffusion of colored material into clear material such as water; light reflecting off of dust particles in air; changes in physical properties and reactivity such as gold hammered into foil, oil spreading on the surface of water, decay of organic matter, condensation of water vapor by increased pressure) that supports the theory that matter is composed of moving particles too small to be seen (atoms, molecules). Skill/Concept C Assessment 2 Students will participate in the activity: Diffusion of Perfumes Students will correctly explain that particles (atoms and molecules) are moving during physical and chemical properties and changes of matter Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources using the KINETIC THEORY model, Physical illustrate and account for changes in the physical properties the state of (examples—shape, matter that volume, malleability, result from viscosity) of a solid, thermal liquid, or gas in terms of changes can the arrangement and be motion of molecules in a explained substance. by the use the KINETIC Kinetic Theory of THEORY model to explain changes in the Matter volume, shape, and viscosity of materials in response to temperature changes during a phase change. Strategic Thinking Students will: Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes of Matter 1.6 1.10 3.5 Strategic Thinking D Assessment 1.6 1.10 3.5 3 The teacher will demonstrate, the students will model and create a Power Point presentation of the molecular Kinetic Theory. Performance assessment: Construct diagram to compare molecular arrangements in a solid, liquid, and gas The students will explain changes in volume, shape and viscosity of matter. Same as above D Students will: Physical changes in the state of matter that result from thermal changes can be explained by the Kinetic Theory of Matter F predict the effect of transfer on PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of a substance as it changes to or from a solid, liquid, or gas (examples—phase changes that occur during freezing, melting, evaporation, boiling, condensation). 3.5 4.1 Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes in Matter recognize more than 100 known elements (unique atoms) exist that may be combined in nature or by man to produce COMPOUNDS that make up the living and nonliving substances in the environment (DO NOT assess memorization of the Periodic Table). Skill/Concept The periodic table organizes the elements according to their atomic structure and chemical reactivity Extended Thinking Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 3.5 4.1 4 Students will do experiment or activity—Predict Phase Changes of Dry Ice The periodic table or chart will be used to identify elements present in the universe. Students will create a portfolio of an element. The student will choose one of the first 20 elements and include in the portfolio the following: 1) diagram of element key and label 2) state of matter 3) model of chosen element 4) research use of element in technology and every life 5) oral presentation Assessment Assessment of lab form—predict phase changes during lab with dry ice The objective is to make an atom model showing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Scoring of model or example Scoring rubric Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Mass is conserved during any physical or chemical change Students will: Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes in Matter Extended Thinking I provide evidence the MASS IS CONSERVED DURING A CHEMICAL CHANGE IN A CLOSED SYSTEM (example— vinegar and baking soda, mold growing in a closed container, steel wool rusting). 5 Students will participate in an activity on conservation of mass: Demonstration of Mold Growing on a Piece of Bread Assessment Students will write a paragraph to explain how mass is conserved during any physical/chemical change. Scoring of paragraph writing by rubric Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources A Students will: use the kinetic molecular model to explain changes in the temperature of a material. Skill/Concept recognize thermal energy is transferred as heat from warmer objects to cooler objects until both reach the same temperature (equilibrium). recognize the TYPE OF MATERIALS that transfer energy by conduction, convection, and/or radiation. Recall Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat), and a receiver Recall recognize thermal energy as the random motion (kinetic energy) of molecules or atoms within a substance. Recall Scope and Sequence—Forms of Energy: Heat 6 Students will recall thermal energy is the total of all kinetic and potential energy of all particles in a substance. The teacher will show a picture of a horseshoe being made and a person playing horseshoes. Students will participate in the activity: Recognize Types of Transfer of Heat—Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Teacher observation Students will identify temperature and heat. The atoms in an object are in constant motion. When the horseshoe is hot, the particles in it move quickly. When the horseshoe has cooled, the particles move more slowly. Classify materials that transfer energy by conduction, and/or radiation—examples— coffee cup and steam, sand heating up, metal spoon in pan, and the sun. classify common materials (examples— wood, foam, plastic, glass, aluminum foil, soil, air, water) as conductors or insulators of thermal energy. Predict the differences in temperature over time on different colored (black and white) objects placed under the same heat source. Skill/Concept Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat), and a receiver Students will: describe how heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation, and classify examples of each. Students will participate in an activity. The teacher will demonstrate friction (rubbing hands together), convection (heat leaving coffee cup as currents of steam and air rises), conduction (spoon in cup of hot water or coffee becomes warmer ), and radiation (sunlight). The teacher will lead a class discussion to teach the students to recognize common conductors and insulators of thermal energy. Students will participate in an experiment or activity on solar heat. Strategic Thinking A Skill/Concept Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 7 Students will successfully summarize conduction, convection, and radiation in separate paragraphs. Scoring of paragraphs by rubric Students will differentiate between common materials as being conductors or insulators of thermal energy. Teacher observation Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat), and a receiver diagram and identify a complete electric circuit by using a source (battery), means of transfer (wires), and receiver (resistance bulbs, motors, fans). observe and describe the evidence of energy transfer in a closed series circuit. describe the effects of resistance (number of receivers), amount of voltage (number of energy sources), and kind of transfer materials on the current being transferred through a circuit (examples—brightness of light, speed of motor). 1.10 3.5 4.7 Teacher observation Students will observe, describe, and successfully construct a complete circuit. Teacher observation Strategic Thinking describe the interactions (examples—repel, attract) of like and unlike charges (examples—magnetic, static electric, electrical). Students will participate in an activity on north and south poles of magnets. Students will construct a complete circuit using a battery, wires, and light bulb. Strategic Thinking Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence—Forms of Energy: Electricity and Magnetism Students will construct several different circuits using battery source, wires, and light bulbs to observe and collect data. Students will observe, describe, and successfully construct a closed series circuit. Teacher observation Students will participate in an activity to compare various brightness of light to the number of batteries used and the size of voltage source. Students will predict which light will shine the brightest, make observations, and show cause/effect relationship between number of receivers and number of energy sources and brightness of light. Skill/Concept A 8 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: Skill/Concept Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat), and a receiver Strategic Thinking classify materials as conductors or insulators of electricity when placed within a circuit (examples—wood, pencil lead, plastic, glass, aluminum foil, lemon juice, air, water). diagram and distinguish between complete series and parallel circuits. identify advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel circuits. 1.10 4.6 4.7 Extended Thinking A 9 Students will participate in an activity on different materials and experiment with conductors or insulators. Students will label parts of a circuit on paper and on a 3-D model Students will design/create a parallel and series circuit in groups of 3-4 students. Teacher observation Students will correctly label parts of a circuit and compare the similarities and differences between a series and parallel circuit. Students will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of parallel circuit and series circuit. Teacher observation Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources B Mechanical energy comes from the motion (Kinetic energy and/or relative position) (potential energy) of an object recognize chemical energy is stored in chemical compounds (examples— energy stored in and released from food molecules, batteries, nitrogen, explosives, fireworks, organic fuels). Recall Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat), and a receiver Students will: Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes of Matter Scope and Sequence— Interactions between Energy, Force, and Motion Recall A distinguish between examples of kinetic and potential energy within a system. 10 Students will participate in an activity on calorie content in food and chemical energy in batteries. Students will engage in a power point presentation and discuss the kinetic and potential energy within a system. Teacher observation Students will recognize potential and kinetic energy and will participate in a power point presentation to compare/contrast the two. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources recognize that, during an energy transformation, heat is often transferred from one object (system) to another because of a difference in temperature. recognize energy is not lost but conserved as it is transferred and transformed. Recall identify the different energy transformations that occur between different systems (examples—chemical energy in battery converted to electricity in circuit converted to light and heat from a bulb). Students will participate in an activity on energy transformations. Teacher observation Students will actively engage in a discussion about law of conservation of energy (examples—pole vaulter, spring, roller coaster, skier). Students will summarize the law of conservation of energy and successfully organize thoughts to prove that energy is neither created or destroyed. Skill/Concept Energy can change from one form to another within systems but the total amount remains the same Students will: Scope and Sequence— Energy Transformations Skill/Concept F 11 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 1: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 2: Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Energy can change from one form to another within systems but the total amount remains the same Students will: Scope and Sequence— Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes of Matter Strategic Thinking F identify the evidence of different energy transformations (examples—explosion of light, heat, and sound, temperature change, electrical charge) that may occur as chemical energy is released during a chemical reaction. 12 Students will participate in an activity on chemical changes: “Measuring the Heat Energy of a Chemical Change.” Students will draw conclusions about how chemical energy is released during a chemical reaction, compare the heat conducting properties of water and paper by boiling water, study the law of conservation of energy, calculate heat produced by burning candles, and heat produced by burning nut, and compare the heat produced by equal masses of different types of nuts. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy GLE 1: The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources classify different types of motion (examples— straight line, projectile, circular, vibrational). given an object in motion, calculate its speed (distance/time). interpret a line graph representing an object’s motion in terms of distance over time (speed) using metric units. Strategic Thinking The motion of an object is described as a change in position, direction, and speed relative to another object (frame of reference) describe the circular motion of a moving object as the result of a force acting toward the center. Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence—Force, Motion, and Work Skill/Concept Students will: Strategic Thinking A Assessment 13 Illustrate how a wheel has circular motion. Students in groups will make observations about different types of motion and discuss how each is different. Cooperative Learning: examples—I can drive a car 360 km in 5 hours— speed? Baseball travels 56 m in 2 seconds-speed? Ride bike 26 km per hour—distance in 2.5 hrs? Drive 100 km per hr. and it is 2880 km to CA. How many hrs? Students will recognize that circular motion is a movement around a central position (examples— wheel or top). Compare/contrast a car moving down the road (straight line), wheel or top (circular), and pendulum of a clock (vibrational). By using formulas s=d/t, d=st, t-d/s, students will calculate speed Students will draw conclusions from a line graph and compare two object’s motion. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Force and Motion GLE 1: The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking An object that is accelerating is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction Students will: Scope and Sequence— Interactions between Energy, Force, and Motion measure and analyze an object’s motion in terms of speed, velocity, and acceleration. calculate the acceleration of an object (final velocity-starting velocity/time). Extended Thinking B C Extended Thinking compare the momentum of two objects in terms of mass and velocity (DO NOT assess calculations). explain that the total momentum remains constant within a system Skill/Concept Momentum depends on the mass of the object and the velocity with which it is traveling Scope and Sequence— Interactions between Energy, Force, and Motion 14 Assessment The students will participate in the activity—“Hot Wheeling Physics”—students will calculate speed for each trial and graph the data. Students will successfully complete “Hot Wheeling Physics” lab and create a graph using their data. Students will participate in the activity—“Mouse Trap Car Project.” Students will successfully design and create a mouse trap car. Scored by rubrics Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Force and Motion GLE 2: Forces affect motion Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated Objective Standards Skills Assessment Students will: Scope and Sequence— Force, Motion, and Work identify and describe the types of forces acting on an object in motion, at rest, floating/sinking (examples—type of force, direction, amount of force in Newtons). Skill/Concept Forces are classified as either contact forces (pushes, pulls, friction, buoyancy) or non-contact forces (gravity, magnetism), that can be described in terms of direction and magnitude Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources compare the forces acting on an object by using a spring scale to measure them to the nearest Newton. Students will participate in an activity—“Float or Sink Density.” Students will record mass of shape in grams, record volume in ml, record if shape sinks or floats and calculate density in glcm3. Extended Thinking A DOK B Recall Skill/Concept Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object Scope and Sequence— Force, Motion, and Work recognize every object exerts a gravitational force of attraction on every other object. recognize an object’s weight is a measure of the gravitational force of a planet/moon acting on that object. 15 Students will compare/contrast the gravitational pull between two objects. The teacher will lead a discussion about the object’s weight being a measure of the gravitational force of a planet/moon acting on that object. Students will be able to describe how objects travel through space. Teacher observation Students will be able to describe the cause/effect pattern of how the gravitational force on every object depends on the object’s weight. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Force and Motion GLE 2: Forces affect motion Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated Objective Standards Skills Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object Students will: Extended Thinking B DOK compare the amount of gravitational force acting between objects (which is dependent upon their masses and the distance between them). C recognize changing magnetic fields can produce electrical currents can produce magnetic forces. Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking Magnetic forces are related to electrical forces as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence between Energy, Force, and Motion predict the effects of an electromagnetic force on the motion of objects (attract or repel). 16 Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Assessment Assessment Strategic Thinking The teacher will explain and the students will discuss Newton’s First Law of Motion and complete various labs: Wacky Washer, Tricky Treats; Second Law of Motion, Newton’s Race; and Third Law of Motion, Balloon Rally Students will successfully complete and draw conclusions about Newton’s Laws and compare the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces. Students will participate in the activity “Newton’s First Law of Motion Lab: Physics Internet Scavenger Hunt.” Students will successfully complete lab activity and online scavenger hunt. Students will participate on the same activities as mentioned above on this page. Students will successfully complete the labs. Students will: Scope and Sequence—Force, Motion, and Work compare the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces (including magnetic, gravity, friction, push or pull) on an object’s motion. Newton’s Laws of Motion explain the interaction of mass and forces, and are used to predict changes in motion DOK explain that when forces (including magnetic, gravity, friction, push or pull) are balanced, objects are at rest or their motion remains constant. explain that a change in motion is the result of an unbalanced force acting upon an object. Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking D Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Skill/Concept Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Force and Motion GLE 2: Forces affect motion Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated Objective Standards Skills 17 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Force and Motion GLE 2: Forces affect motion Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated Objective Standards Skills DOK Assessment D Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking Students will: explain how the Newton’s Laws acceleration of a of Motion moving object is explain the affected by the amount interaction of of net force applied and mass and forces, and are the mass of an object. Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources used to predict changes in motion Students will participate in a lab activity—“Will an Elephant Fall Faster than a Mouse?” Materials needed are wood block, styrofoam pad, triple-beam balance. Students will successfully complete lab activity with lab group. See Lab Investigation Students will participate in work, energy, and power WebQuest. Students will complete WebQuest, answer all questions correctly, and take the Quick Quizzes to check their understanding. Same as above Same as above F Skill/Concept Recall Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence— Force, Motion, and Work recognize examples of Simple work being done on an machines (levers, inclined object (force applied planes, wheels and distance moved in and axles, the direction of the pulleys) affect applied force) with and at he forces without the use of applied to an object and/or simple machines. direction of Calculate the amount of movement as work done when a force work is done is applied to an object over a distance (W=F x d). 18 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 2: Properties and Principles of Force and Motion GLE 2: Forces affect motion Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated Objective Standards Skills recognize the amount of work output is never greater than the amount of work input, with or without the use of a simple machine. evaluate simple machine designs to determine which design requires the least amount of effort force and explain why. Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking explain how simple machines affect the amount of effort force, distance through which a force is applied, and/or direction of force while doing work. Skill/Concept Simple machines (levers, inclined planes, wheels and axles, pulleys) affect the forces applied to an object an/or direction of movement as work is done Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Assessment Students will: Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking F DOK 19 Students will construct a cartoontype simple machines and use them to illustrate Newton’s Laws of Motion Rubric for scoring of simple machine Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 5: Processes and Interactions of the Earth’s Systems (Geosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere) GLE 3: Human activity is dependent upon and affects Earth’s resources and systems Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Earth’s materials are limited natural resources affected by human activity Students will: Scope and Sequence— Energy Transformations distinguish between renewable (examples— geothermal, hydroelectric) and nonrenewable (example—fossil fuel) energy sources. Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking A Assessment T 20 Students will participate in the activity on Energy WebQuest Rubric for Scoring Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 1: The universe has observable properties and structure Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources A Assessment Students will: Identify the relative proximity of common celestial bodies Strategic Thinking compare and contrast the size, composition, atmosphere, and surface of the planets (inner vs. out) in our solar system and Earth’s moon. Skill/Concept The Earth, Sun and moon are part of a larger system that includes other planets and smaller celestial bodies classify celestial bodies in the solar system into categories: Sun, moon, planets, and other small bodies (examples— asteroids, comets, meteors) based on physical properties. Recall Scope and Sequence—Objects and their Motion in the Solar System 21 The teacher will lead discussion and the students will participate in a solar system Power Point. Teacher observation and notes Students will choose various categories (size, shape, temperature) and create a graph of comparison and contrast to illustrate data that the students collected on the solar system. Students will successfully research, categorize, and create a graph on size, composition, and temperature on the solar system. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 1: The universe has observable properties and structure Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources The Earth has a composition and location suitable to sustain life describe how the Earth’s placement in the solar system is favorable to sustain life (examples—distance from the Sun, temperature, atmosphere). compare and contrast the characteristics of Earth that support life with the characteristics of other planets that are considered favorable or unfavorable to life (examples—atmospheric gases, extremely high/low temperature). Skill/Concept Students will: Scope and Sequence—Objects and Their Motion in the Solar System Strategic Thinking B Assessment 22 Students will participate in the activity—“Making a Scale Model of the Solar System.” Research characteristics about given planets, write a report, and present report to the class. Students will make a scale model of the solar system and present written and oral reports about each planet. Rubric for scoring Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 1: The universe has observable properties and structure Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources recognize stars are separated from one another by vast and different distances, which causes stars to appear smaller than the Sun. Most of the information we know about the universe comes from the electromagnetic compare the distance light travels from the spectrum Sun to Earth to the distance light travels from other star to Earth using light years. Strategic Thinking Students will: Scope and Sequence—Objects and Their Motion in the Solar System Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking C Assessment 23 Use visual and mathematical aids to Given a model to scale determine the approximate locations students will be able of planets in the solar system. to fine the correct distance in miles and km. Create a model in which the same scale is used to depict the distances between objects and calculate the time required for traveling a direct path to them. Research and study various theories and interpret and evaluate information related to distances from our solar system to other points in our galaxy and the universe. Based on the information found, students will be able to determine the amount of time it will take to travel to that place. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources A Students will: describe the pattern that can be observed in the changes in number of hours of visible sunlight, and the time and location of sunrise and sunset, throughout the year. recognize, in the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun appears lower in the sky during the winter and higher in the sky during the summer. Recall The apparent position of the Sun and other stars, as seen from Earth, change in observable patterns. Recall relate the apparent eastto-west changes in the positions of the Sun, other stars, and planets in the sky over the course of a day to Earth’s counterclockwise rotation about its axis. Recall Scope and Sequence—Objects and Their Motion in the Solar System 24 Students will participate in the following activities: “Evolution of Stars” and “Sun-Earth-Moon System” Power Points. Teacher observation and students’ notetaking Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational force Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources recognize, in winter, the Sun appears to rise in the Southeast and set in the Southwest, accounting for a relatively short day length, and, in summer, the Sun appears to rise in the Northeast and set in the Northwest, accounting for a relatively long day length. The apparent position of the Sun and other stars, as seen from Earth, change in observable recognize the Sun is never directly overhead patterns when observed from North America. Recall Students will: Students will participate in the “SunEarth-Moon System” PowerPoint and the teacher will lead the discussion after the lesson Teacher observation and student participation Peer observation Same as above Recall A 25 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources B Students will: recognize that one half of the Moon is always facing the Sun, and, therefore, one half of the Mon is always lit. Recall Skill/Concept recognize the moon rises later each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction. recognize the Moon is in the sky for roughly 12 hours in a 24 hour period (example—if the Moon rises at about 6PM it will set at about 6AM). Recall Skill/Concept The apparent position of the moon, as seen from Earth, and its actual position relative to Earth change in observable patterns Recall Skill/Concept observe the change in time and location of moon rise, moon, set, and the moon’s appearance relative to time of day and month over several months, and note the pattern in this change. Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence—Objects and Their Motion in the Solar System 26 Students will observe the moon for ten days using a standard frame of reference. Students will complete “Moon Observation” by drawing and describing what they see for ten days. Students will participate in “Earth’s Moon” and the teacher will lead a discussion on that class. Students will read, review the PowerPoint. They will complete notes on moon position Same as above Same as above Same as above Same as above Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of Objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Strategic Thinking The apparent position of the moon, as seen from Earth, and its actual position relative to Earth change in observable patterns Students will: relate the apparent change in thee moon’s position in the sky as it appears to move east-to-west over the course of a day to Earth’s counter-clockwise rotation about its axis. describe how the appearance of the moon that can be seen from Earth changes approximately every 28 days in an observable pattern (moon phases). Strategic Thinking B Scope and Sequence— Objects and Their Motion in the Solar System illustrate and explain a day as the time it takes a planet to make a full rotation about its axis. diagram the path (orbital ellipse) the Earth travels as it revolves around the Sun. illustrate and explain a year as the time it takes a planet to revolve around the Sun. Students will participate in the “Phases of the Moon” lab. Students will participate in moon observations. Students will participate and record results on “Phases of the Moon.” Students will complete questions regarding moon phases. Students will compare the moon each night-they observe it while keeping the same frame of reference. 27 Recall Skill/Concept Students will participate in “Sun— Earth—Moon.” The students will write and give oral reports. Students will participate in PowerPoint and give an oral report about a given topic. Recall Skill/ Concept The regular and predictable motions of the planet and moon relative to the Sun explain natural phenomena on a planet, such as day, month, year, shadow, moon phases, eclipses, tides and seasons. Same as above Same as above Recall Skill/ Concept C Same as above Same as above Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources describe how the moon’s relative position changes as it revolves around the Earth. recognize the phases of the moon are due to the relative positions of the Moon with respect to the earth and Sun. relate the axial tilt and orbital position of the Earth as it revolves around the Sun to the intensity of sunlight falling on different parts of the earth during different seasons. Skill/Concept Skill/Concept explain the relationships between a planet’s length of year (period of revolution) and its position in the solar system. Recall The regular and predictable motions of a planet and moon relative to the Sun explain natural phenomena on a planet, such as day, month, year, shadow, moon phases, eclipses, tides, and seasons Students will: Strategic Thinking C 28 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 6: Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It GLE 2: Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Students will: Scope and Sequence—Objects and Their Motion in the Solar System describe how the planets’ gravitational pull keeps satellites and moons in orbit around them. Recall Skill/Concept Gravity is a force of attraction between objects in the solar system that governs their motion describe how the Sun’s gravitational pull holds the Earth and other planets in their orbits. Recall Skill/Concept describe how the Earth’s gravity pulls any object on or near the Earth toward it (including natural and artificial satellites). Student participation Recall Skill/Concept D 29 Students will participate in “Gravity and Motion” PowerPoint with class discussions (including small group discussions). Teacher observation Peer observation Same as above Same as above Same as above Same as above Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources recognize the importance of the independent variable, dependent variables, control of constants, and multiple trials to the design of a valid experiment. design and conduct a valid investigation evaluate the design of an experiment and make suggestions for reasonable improvements or extensions of an experiment. Skill/Concept Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation formulate testable questions and hypotheses Strategic Thinking Scope and Sequence—All Units Skill/Concept Students will: Extended Thinking A 30 Students in small groups will complete together with the teacher’s guidance the “Testable Question” and “Performance Event—Frank and Ethel” worksheets. Students will participate in “Ants in Yours Pants” worksheet. Students will complete the worksheets and participate in class question—answer session. Students will compare IV and DV and show the importance of constants, multiple trials, IV, and DV. Students will participate in a science experiment “Bubbles, Bubbles Everywhere,” “Yummy, Yummy Scientific Method,” and “Come Fly with Us.” Students will conduct an experiment and complete a 1) testable question, 2) IV and DV, 3) constants, 4) hypothesis, and 5) materials. Same as above Same as above Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources acknowledge there is no fixed procedure called “the scientific method,” but some investigations involve systematic observations, carefully collected observations, carefully collected and relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and imagination in developing hypotheses and other explanations. Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Students will: recognize that different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations (examples— some involve observing and describing objects, organisms or events; some involve experiments; some involve making observations in nature; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; some involve making models). Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking A Teacher will instruct the students to choose an experiment (class as whole group or class divided into lab groups) and go through scientific method step-by-step. Each group will then prepare a presentation. Each group will prepare a class presentation explaining their experiment by going through the steps in the scientific method. Peer observation 31 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Scope and Sequence—All Units make qualitative observations using the five senses. use a variety of tools and equipment to gather data (examples—microscopes, thermometers, analog and digital meters, computers, spring scales, balances, metric rulers, graduated cylinders, stopwatches). Skill/Concept measure length to the nearest millimeter, mass to the nearest gram, volume to the nearest millimeter, force (weight) to the nearest millimeter, force (weight) to the nearest Newton, temperature to the nearest degree Celsius, time to the nearest second. Strategic Thinking Scientific inquiry relies upon gathering evidence from qualitative and quantitative observations determine the appropriate tools and techniques to collect data. Skill/ Concept Students will: Skill/ Concept B 32 Students will participate in various lab experiments throughout the school year. Scoring of lab Teacher observation Peer observation and possible scoring Same as above Same as above Same as above Sa me as above Students will participate in “Which Toilet Paper has the Greatest Strength When Wet.” Teacher observation Peer observation Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources compare amounts/measurements. Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking judge whether measurements and computation of quantities are reasonable. Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking Scientific inquiry relies upon gathering evidence from qualitative and quantitative observations Students will: calculate the range and average/mean of a set of data. Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking B 33 Rubric scoring Students will participate in lab experiments throughout the school year. Teacher observation Same as above Same as above Same as above Same as above Peer observation Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Evidence is used to formulate explanations use data as support for observed patterns and relationships, and to make predictions to be tested. recognize the possible effects of errors in observations, measurements, and calculations on the formulation of explanations (conclusions). Rubric scoring Students will participate in lab experiments throughout the year. Teacher observation Peer observation Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking use quantitative and qualitative data as support for reasonable explanation (conclusions). Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking Students will: Scope and Sequence—All Units Same as above Same as above Skill/Concept Strategic Thinking C Same as above Same as above 34 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 7: Scientific Inquiry GLE 1: Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Strategic Thinking analyze whether evidence (data) and scientific principles support proposed explanations (hypotheses, laws, theories). Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking Scientific inquiry includes evaluation of explanations (hypotheses, laws, theories) in light of scientific principles (understandings) Students will: Scope and Sequence— All Units evaluate the reasonableness of an explanation (conclusion). Students will participate in the “Nature of Science” PowerPoint. Strategic Thinking Extended Thinking D The teacher will repeat teaching in writing labs and class activities in scientific investigation format. Class discussion with teacher guidance Student participation E Scope and Sequence— All Units The nature of science relies upon communication of results and justification of explanations 1) communicate the procedures and results of investigations and explanations through a) oral presentations b) drawings and maps c) data tables (allowing for the recording and analysis of data relevant to the experiment, such as independent and dependent variables, multiple trials, beginning and ending times or temperatures, derived quantities) d) graphs (bar, single line, pictograph) e) equations and writings All labs and class activities are to be written in the scientific investigation format. Scoring rubric 35 Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 1: The nature of technology can advance, and is advanced by, science as it seeks to apply scientific knowledge in ways that meet human needs Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Designed objects are used to do things better or more easily and to do some things that could not otherwise be done at all Students will: Scope and Sequence— All Units explain how technological improvements, such as those developed for use in space exploration, the military, or medicine, have led to the invention of new products that may improve lives here on Earth (examples—new materials, freeze-dried foods, infrared goggles, Velcro, satellite imagery robotics, lasers). Recall Skill/Concept A 36 Students will evaluate how technology has improved the world and made it more easily to do something not otherwise done at all (example—discuss how information received from space probes has either confirmed or modified scientific theories concerning conditions on other planets). Students will give oral reports with visual aids to the class. Scoring rubric Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 1: The nature of technology can advance, and is advanced by, science as it seeks to apply scientific knowledge in ways that meet human needs Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources Advances in technology often result in improved data collection and an increase in scientific information Students will: Scope and Sequence— All Units identify the link between technological developments and the scientific discoveries made possible through their development (examples—Hubble telescope and stellar evolution, composition and structure of the universe; the electron microscope and cell organelles; sonar and the composition of the Earth; manned and unmanned space missions and space exploration, Doppler radar and weather conditions; MRI and Cat-scans and brain activity). Skill/Concept B 37 Students will identify common products that have been developed as a result of research. Students will identify and explain ways society has benefited from the technologies developed through science exploration. Students will identify several products that originated from the NASA programs and relate how the products have improved their quality of life. C Students will: Scope and Sequence— All Units Technological solutions to problems often have drawbacks as well as benefits describe how technological solutions to problems (examples—storm water runoff, fiber optics, windmills, efficient car design, electronic trains without conductors, sonar, robotics, Hubble telescope) can have both benefits and drawbacks (examples— design constraints, unintended consequences, risks) (Assess Locally). Skill/Concept Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 1: The nature of technology can advance, and is advanced by, science as it seeks to apply scientific knowledge in ways that meet human needs Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Assessment Objective Standards Skills Activities/Resources 38 The teacher will lead the discussion as to how information and technology has modified solutions but also have negative consequences. Students will compare/contrast technological solutions and their consequences (positive and negative) in society. Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 2: Historical and cultural perspectives of scientific explanations help to improve understanding of the nature of science and how science knowledge and technology evolve over time Concepts Measurable Learner Objective A Students will: Scope and Sequence— All Units Integrated Skills describe how the contributions of scientists and inventors, representing different cultures, races, and gender, have contributed to science, technology and human activity (examples—George Washington Carver, Thomas Edison, Thomas Jefferson, Galileo, Albert Einstein, Mae Jemison, Edwin Hubble, Charles Darwin, Jonas Salk, Louis Pasteur, Jane Goodall, Tom Akers, John Wesley Powell, Rachel Carson) (Assess Locally). DOK Recall People of different gender and ethnicity have contributed to scientific discoveries and the invention of technological innovations Process Standards 39 Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Assessment Students will research a given scientist or inventor. This activity can be done individually or in small groups. Students will prepare a paper and oral presentation Scoring rubric Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 2: Historical and cultural perspectives of scientific explanations help to improve understanding of the nature of science and how science knowledge and technology evolve over time Concepts B Measurable Learner Objective Process Standards Integrated Skills DOK Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Assessment Students will: recognize explanations have changed over time as a result of new evidence. Recall Skill/Concept Scientific theories are developed based on the body of knowledge that exists at any particular time and must be rigorously questioned and tested for validity recognize the difficulty science innovators experience as they attempt to break through accepted ideas (hypotheses, laws, theories) of their time to reach conclusions that may lead to changes in those ideas and serve to advance scientific understanding (examples— Darwin, Copernicus, Newton). Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence—All Units 40 Students will research a given scientist and appreciate what they went through to gain knowledge. Students will present an oral presentation and write a paper on a given scientist. Scoring by rubric Science Eighth Grade Content Standard 8: Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity GLE 3: Science and technology affect, and are affected by, society Concepts Measurable Learner Process Integrated DOK Objective Standards Skills B Instructional Strategies/Student Activities/Resources Students will: describe ways in which science and society influence one another (examples—scientific knowledge and the procedures used by scientists influence the way many individuals in society think about themselves, others, and the environment; societal challenges often inspire questions for scientific research; social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research). identify and evaluate the physical, social, economic, and/or environmental problems that may be overcome using science and technology (examples—the need for alternative fuels, human travel in space, AIDS). Skill/Concept Social, political, economic, ethical and environmental factors strongly influence, and are influenced by, the direction of progress of science and technology. See rationale Skill/Concept Scope and Sequence—All Units See rationale 41 Assessment
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