Volunteer Handbook
TG SBWCN 2012
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Santa Barbara Wildlife Care Network
Volunteer Application Form
Please PRINT legibly and use a black or blue pen
Staff use: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of orientation:___/____/____ Scheduled at Center:____/____/____Completed to database____
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*Name:____________________________________*Email______________________________
Address:______________________________City:___________________State____Zip:______
*How can you best be reached?(____)_______-________________ Cell/Home/Work/Other
(____)_______-________________Cell/Home/Work/Other
Emergency Contact: ___________________________________Phone:_______________________
Please circle what best describes yourself:
Employed F/T P/T Self
Student JR / HS/ COL
Retired
Homemaker
Unemployed/ seeking employment
How did you hear about our volunteer opportunities?
A Friend (Name):_________________________ OR circle if : Newspaper/Radio/SBWCN-website/booth
Online media- which?_______________________ Other:____________________________
What position(s) are you interested in?
___Intake/Care Center (songbirds) Volunteer
___Aquatic bird Volunteer
___Rescue Team Volunteer
___Transport Team Volunteer
___Educational Outreach
___Fundraising/Event Volunteer
___Maintenance and Repair Volunteer
___Administration/Computer work
___Helpline Phone Monitor @ home
___Volunteer Coordinator/Continuing Ed.
Do you have experience working with animals? Y/N
Are there any animals that you DO NOT want to work with?___________________________________
Do you have an up to date Tetanus shot? Y/N Date of last tetanus shot____/____/____
If you wish to work with rabies vector species you must get a rabies vaccination (All mammals)
We ask that as a volunteer, to commit to at least 4hrs a shift. Would you be able to do this? Y/N
Are you interested in helping out year-round? Y/N OR only Baby season? Y/N Aquatic bird season? Y/N
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WAIVER AND RELEASE FROM LIABILITY AND INDEMNITY AGREEMENT
1. In Consideration of the permission granted to me to me participate in an activity of the SANTA
BARBARA WILDLIFE CARE NETWORK, INC, (SBWCN), I waive, release and discharge SBWCN and its
officers, directors, members, employees, and other participants from any and all claims, rights,
and/or causes of action that I may hereafter have for injuries, losses and damages which may occur
to or be inflicted upon me, or on my property, which relate or which may in any way arise out of my
participation in any SBWCN or its officers, directors, members, employees, and participants; b) any
participation by me in any activity relating to care of any animal; c) any instruction, suggestion,
guidance or advice, or lack thereof, provided to me concerning the care, treatment or handling or any
animal or thing; d) any use of any equipment, food, protective appliance, or other thing; and e) any
rendering or failure to render any medical assistance, aid or attention.
2. I indemnify those listed above from any and all claims, liability, injury, losses and damages to the
person or property of any individual or entity arising from negligent or intentional act by me or
connection with my participation in any SBWCN activity or any use of or entry upon any facility,
premises, place or thing used or provided by SBWCN and I agree to hold the same harmless against
us.
3. I am in good physical condition, am practically able to participate in SBWCN activities, have
sufficient equipment and expertise to participate, and have investigated and become sufficiently
familiar with the activities so that I am willing to undertake such activities at my own risk and without
and without any reliance on SBWCN or its agents. I am aware that a) the activities present dangers to
me, b) naturally occurring and artificially constructed conditions and things may be utilized or
encountered in connection with the activities which involve risk of injury or damage to me or my
property, c) the activities are subject to mishap and d) risks are associated with my participation in
the activities. I know wild and domesticated animals are unpredictable, dangerous and can cause
injury and damage and that I may be injured or damaged.
4. SBWCN has made no express or implied warranties of safety or fitness of any animal, natural or
artificial condition or thing which may be involved in the activities which are undertaken by me solely
at my own risk. I am over the age of eighteen (18 years) and, if married, have executed this
document on behalf of myself, my spouse and my marital community. If I am accompanied by a
minor, I execute this Waiver, Release and Discharge on behalf of said minor and warrant that I have
authority to do so.
I WARRANT AND REPRESENT THAT I HAVE CAREFULLY READ THIS WAIVER AND RELEASE, FULLY
UNDERSTAND ITS CONTENTS, AND HAVE BEEN PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE SAME ON
REQUEST. I AM AWARE THAT THIS IS A RELEASE OF LIABILITY AND A CONTRACT BETWEEN ME AND
SANTA BARBARA WILDLIFE CARE NETWORK, INC. AND OTHERS AND I SIGN IT OF MY OWN FREE
WILL.
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE SIGNING+++++SIGN, DATE AND PRINT NAME
Your name: ________________________________/__________________________________
Date:________
Name of Guardian (if minor)_________________________/____________________________
Date:________
Witness:___________________________________/__________________________________
Date:________
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I.
Welcome
Welcome to the Santa Barbara Wildlife Care Network. As a volunteer, you are a critical part of the
success of rehabilitating wildlife, as well as educating the community about living with and respecting
wildlife.
II. History
The Santa Barbara Wildlife Care Network was established in 1988 to rescue and rehabilitate injured,
orphaned, or oiled wildlife. The all-volunteer, non-profit organization operates under permits from the
California Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Over 3,000 wild animals are rescued and treated by SBWCN and satellite volunteers each year and more
than half are successfully rehabilitated and released. Many of these animals are brought to SBWCN from
veterinarian offices or city and county agencies, such as Animal Control and the Harbor Patrol. Most
come from the public via SBWCN telephone helpline (681-1080). Volunteers are dispatched to rescue or
retrieve injured wildlife based on reports from the public.
III. Introduction
This handbook is designed to help you familiarize yourself with SBWCN practices, and give a framework
to the most typical kinds of work volunteers will be exposed to. While hardly comprehensive, the
purpose of the handbook to the volunteer is to provide a reliable reference for the most common
scenarios. It is strongly recommended that volunteers keep their copy of the handbook with them
during their work hours at the center. Every new volunteer will begin at level 1, assisting with basic
“house cleaning” duties as well as assist in paperwork, examinations, and basic animal care. There is
always room to move up and learn more.
a. Location:
1460 N. Fairview, Goleta
-Songbirds
-Small Mammals
-Raptors (stabilize for transfer)
-Reptiles
-Critical Care
-Oil Spill Response for oiled wildlife
-Seabirds
-Waterfowl
-Shorebirds/Plovers
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b. Tasks/ Duties:
i. Animal Tasks:
1. Cage Cleaning: Cages should be cleaned with a germicidal/antibacterial
cleanser prior to putting any animal in it. Perches will also need to be
cleaned with the same cleanser between each use. Daily cage cleaning
requires:
 Clean cage and replace bedding
 New nesting material
 Fresh food and water
 Clean perches and clean enrichment items
2. Animal Feeding:
 All animals and species have specific dietary needs. There are
lists of appropriate foods posted in the kitchen. Replace food
and water as needed, more frequently in summer season.
 Baby animals have specific requirements, i.e., formula-based
nutrition. Feeding a baby animal requires training and
mentoring, as babies’ needs are very different and much more
demanding. (Must be trained). Staff and experienced volunteers
are the only ones allowed to feed baby birds in incubators
3. Cage Set-up (Animal Specific):
 Size and type of animal
Examples:
-Type of feet, beak/mouth
-Activity level (diurnal, crepuscular, nocturnal, torpor)
-Perches according to the size
 Rehabilitative needs
of feet for most birds
-Wing wraps= no perching
-Pigeons need a flat, raised
-Broken legs= soft bedding
platform on which to sit
-Baby mammals and some injured birds require heat
 Natural behavior and Habits
-Opossums need cages and
- i.e. Crows are intelligent and need stimulation (“toys”)
materials to climb on
 Enrichment opportunities
-Rodents need nesting boxes
-i.e. Scrub Jays need to practice how to cache (hide)
food.
-Gophers (unless there is an
open wound) need dirt in
4. Incubator Maintenance:
which to dig
Incubators are used all year long, but are most occupied during the
baby season. On the left side of the incubator is a reservoir of water
that needs to be filled with distilled water. This allows the incubator to
regulate humidity. Please check daily
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Level 1 volunteer
20hrs.
ii. Daily Center Tasks
1. Laundry
 Shake out all laundry over trash can before loading into the
machine. Please remove/ wipe out debris from inside the
washer.
 Use the hot water setting for every load. Check lint screen on
the dryer every 30min., to remove lint build up.
 When dry, fold and put into the correct storage areas.
2. Dishes
 All dishes washed in Dawn soap and dipped into disinfectant.
After washing and rinsing, set in strainer to air dry. Once dry put
back into appropriate drawers.
3. Sweeping and Mopping
4. General Cleaning
-walls, sinks, countertops
5. Supplies Stocked
iii. Answering the phone
The phone should be answered with a greeting of “Wildlife Care Network, this is (your
name).” If you are in the middle of an urgent task, ask if the caller has an emergency. If
not, ask the caller to please hold, or take their number and return the call as soon as
possible.
1. Logging Calls
Every call must be logged into the phone log. The phone log is necessary to track
calls, refer back to callers or situations, or follow-up on previous calls. The
required information includes:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Caller’s name
Caller’s phone number
Type of animal
Reason for call (be as detailed as possible)
Action taken
Outcome of call (highlight for transport or rescue)
Typical Wildlife Problems
There are a number of typical wildlife calls that we receive at the Center. You will need to learn how to
respond to these calls during this level of your training.
As a general rule:



TG SBWCN 2012
Nobody should ever attempt to feed or water a wild animal
Animals requiring transportation should be secured in a dark and quiet enclosure
If it is hot, they should be kept cool, if it is cold, they should be kept warm
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Typical calls include, but not limited to:
1. “My cat/ dog caught a bird/small mammal!”
These animals should be brought in immediately. Often there is no apparent injury, however, these
animals will need to be put on antibiotics. Ask the caller to put the animal in a box or bag with a soft lining
on the bottom. The caller will need to keep the animal dark, QUIET, and warm while preparing for
transport and during transport.
2. “There is an injured/oiled seabird on the beach!”
Ask the caller if the bird appears to be injured, lethargic, or oiled. If the bird is lively and appears
uninjured, it may be a pelagic bird that needs assistance back into the water. If the bird is injured,
lethargic, or oiled ask if they are able to safely contain the bird in a t-shirt/towel/box and bring it into the
Intake Center (M-F, opening to closing), after hours and weekend drop off at June Taylor’s home (found in
the resource book). If the caller, or anyone near the caller, is unable to bring in the bird, ask if he/she is
able to stay with the bird until one of our rescue people is able to get there. (Often callers are not able to
stay.) Ask for a precise location and landmarks for the bird. If you are unfamiliar with the location, ask for
directions. When you hang up the phone, call people on the Seabird Rescue list.
3.
“There is a pelican with a hook or fishing line on the pier!”
Ask the caller if they are able to stay with the bird until one of the rescuers are able to get there. (Often
they cannot.) Ask for a precise location for the bird, and if the bird has been flying. If the bird has been
flying, there is often little we can do. If you are unfamiliar with the location, ask for directions. When you
hang up the phone, call people on the Seabird Rescue list.
4. “There is a bird stuck indoors!”
For the most part, creating only one exit is key. Ask to caller to darken windows by either use of blinds or
curtains, and then have them turn the lights off. After that, open a single door to the outside. Limit the
amount of talking and keep voices low until the bird is out. In cases of vaulted ceilings/ industrial rafters,
raptors and humming birds being indoors sometimes it requires a little more effort. For hummingbirds,
hanging something yellow or red in the door way. For raptors, if the bird has been there for several hours
and the above suggestion did not work, getting a mouse from the pet store and putting it in a clear
container and set it at the exit area will sometimes work. Being impatient in a situation like this does not
help. An animal does not want to be stuck indoors, it’s a scary experience for them.
5. “There is an injured animal on the side of the highway/freeway!”
Calls like these require the assistance of the Highway Patrol and/or Animal Control. Being on the side of a
HWY/FWY is a very dangerous situation. We are not allowed to do these rescues, but do get as much
information as possible so when you contact the Highway patrol or Animal Control they know where to
go.
“There is a sick bird hanging around my feeder!”
6.
Bird feeders should be taken down and bleached regularly. After identifying the sick bird take the feeder
down for a couple of weeks. Feeders may become a source of transmission for disease. It is essential to
maintain healthy feeding areas for all wildlife. Do not throw the seed on the ground, or feed the birds any
other way. If a bird looks sick and can be safely captured, bring it to the Center.
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7.
“I found a baby bird!”
A baby’s best chance for survival is its parents!
Provide these instructions:
 DO NOT ATTEMPT TO FEED BABIES OR FLEDGLINGS!
 If the baby bird has few or no feathers put in a tissue lined box and bring it to the
Center.
 If the young bird is hopping and running away from you, leave it alone. The. parents will
find it. If it is in immediate danger of becoming a snack for a cat or dog, scoop it up and
put it in a nearby bush or shrub out of harm’s way. Please keep pets indoors for as long
as possible.

If the nest cannot be found or the bird appears to be sick, starving, injured or a pet
brought it in as a gift, please have them bring it to the Center.

CROWS: if the bird has blue eyes, a pink mouth and the tail is shorter than 4 inches the
bird should be brought to the Center. If the bird has brown eyes and a black mouth that
is a juvenile/ adult.
8. “There is a baby opossum/squirrel/chipmunk/raccoon in my yard!”
Opossum-If there is a baby opossum in the yard, alone, or with another, it has likely fallen off the mother.
These little ones will need care until they are old enough, at a length of 7inches to travel alone. Please
bring them into the Intake Center. They can be scooped up in a shirt and put in a box.
Raccoon- Raccoon mothers transport their young one at a time. There is a chance that the mother is
relocating and will come back for the baby. Leave it alone and keep people and animals away from it! If
the baby is in the hot sun, move it under a nearby bush or shrub. If the animal looks sick or injured, bring
it in to the Intake Center. If the baby is still there after a couple of hours and the mother has not returned,
have them call back.
9. “There is a pesky animal ruining my garden!”
Yes wild animals can seem pesky. Deterrents include adding motion sensing light, talk radio, dilute
ammonia spray, or moth balls in a sock. We help people find natural ways to COHABITATE with our
wildlife. As much as this is our home, it is theirs too. Skunk/Opossum/ Raccoon/Rabbit: Here are a few
options to try: 1) Use sardine netting or wire meshes to cover garden and lawn areas, laying it down
directly onto the area. 2) Cayenne pepper or red chili pepper to sprinkle on garden or lawn areas. 3)
“Scare crow”, a motion sensing device that is hooked to a water line, which will spray water when an
animal moves. 4) Another option is to NOT water the lawn or garden at night. The smell of a freshly
watered lawn attracts animals looking for worms and grubs as well as sweet grass.
2. Rescue Orchestration (Continuation of answering the phone)
There are many situations that require volunteers to orchestrate the rescue of an animal. When
this is necessary, it is important to get as much information from the caller as possible. This
information should include:







Phone number of caller
The type of animal
The nature of the injury/rescue
Who, if anyone, has handled the animal
The condition of the animal
The precise location including landmarks
Can someone remain with the animal until a rescuer can get there
There are resources and lists to assist with finding a qualified rescuer (ask help from staff). It is the
responsibility of the volunteer orchestrating the rescue to find a rescuer who is qualified and
experienced with handling the specific type of animal. (For more detail, please read the section on Rescuing).
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IV. Health and Safety
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ask the supervisors for guidance if there are questions or concerns about the safety of the
animals or personal safety. Areas of concern when it comes to health and safety:
Hygiene: Hygiene is important!
a. WASH YOUR HANDS: Hands gloved or not, must be washed BEFORE and AFTER cleaning
each cage, handling an animal, and using the bathroom. If you are wearing gloves, you
must wash the gloves.
b. Sanitation: Soiled paper towels, tissues, and cloth material used to line cages should be
placed into trash cans or laundry immediately.
Safety:
a. Protective gear: (PPE)
 Leather gloves must be worn when handling mammals or raptors that can
bite or scratch
 Use of protective eye wear when handling birds with long, pointed beaks
 Use of vinyl/latex gloves to protect hands from saliva, blood and other
biohazards
b. Protective gear for your clothes: Use smocks or aprons to cover clothes. It is also
suggested to not wear your favorite clothes or shoes. Closed toed shoes are preferred.
c. Current Tetanus and rabies titer if you work with mammals
Zoonotic Diseases (for more detail, please read section on Zoonotic Diseases)
• To prevent or minimize the risk of infection while handling any animal, excretions, or
equipment contaminated by excretions, volunteers are asked to wear gloves. This is
imperative if there is an open wound on the hand or arm.
• Masks must be worn when cleaning out aviaries that have hay substrate. This is a safety
consideration to protect oneself from the risk of airborne diseases.
Animal Diseases (Diseases that can be transmitted to your pet)
Please be aware when working with animals that might pass these diseases. Always wash
hands and change clothes when arriving at home.
Proper Handling Techniques
Goal: to reduce stress and prevent injuries to the patient as well as to the handler and
examiner. Safe handling and restraint procedures are essential for the protection of the
rehabilitator, those assisting in the treatment or rehabilitation activity and for the animals
which are being handled. The following considerations are very important and need to be
met with all native species of wildlife as well as exotic species you may encounter.
-Reduce the patient’s visual stress by keeping the head covered as
much as possible
-Carry birds at waist level when handling Seabirds and Raptors
-Wrap the patient to control wings and other appendages to prevent injury
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Removing Animals from transport carrier:
1. Determine what direction the head is facing. (DO NOT put your face near openings, look at
from a distance.)
2. Place the towel length-wise along the top of the carrier, parallel to the animal’s body,
leaving a length of towel at the front end of the animal.
3. Open the top of carrier down onto the animal pushing the towel through.
4. Restrain wings or in mammals control the scruff and head area
Observe the following when working with wild animals:
1.
Wear leather gloves, safety glasses and any other appropriate safety apparel, taking into
consideration the species and temperament of the animal being handled. (PPE)
2.
Be prepared and pay attention to the task at hand. Be patient, yet efficient. Minimize stress,
both for the people and the animals. Examination and treatment may have to be accomplished
in stages for highly stressed animals or those in critical condition.
3.
Use firm, but gentle, restraint when handling most wild patients. The concept of “less is more” is
often best with wildlife restraint.
4.
Use verbal communication when working with another person so there is no question about
who has control of an animal being restrained.
5.
Never be over-confident and become careless. Doing so would increase the danger potential for
the rehabilitator, the animal or the person assisting you. A wild animal will take advantage of any
opportunity and will use all its weapons to escape.
6.
The person restraining the animal is responsible for beginning and ending a restraint. While one
person is examining or providing other necessary needs for restraint, the restrainer must
observe breathing, temp., behavior, eyes etc. It is up to the restrainer to end a restraint.
When to end a restraint?
If an animal is going into shock, hyperventilating, or no longer safe to handle.
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V.
Zoonotic Diseases
These are potentially transmissible diseases or infections that can be passed from an animal to a human.
Most of the agents listed are classified as bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic. Modes of transmission
vary. Some may enter the bloodstream through skin; others must be inhaled, ingested or transmitted by
insect vectors. When working with wildlife it is extremely important to know what zoonotic diseases
may be prevalent in the species you are exposed to and what preventive measures will lessen your risk
of infection. Flu-like symptoms are a characteristic of most zoonotic diseases; the key is prevention!
Minimize your risk of zoonotic infection by using proper restraint techniques, PPE (personal protection
equipment), good hygiene practices, and avoid working around animals when you are sick, pregnant or
immune compromised.
DO NOT HANDLE ANY RABIES VECTOR SPECIES UNLESS YOU HAVE BEEN VACCINATED
a. Rabies
Any wild mammal that you come into contact with should be considered potential carriers and
precaution must be taken. When handling a baby raccoon or skunk, it is easy to forget that age
has no bearing on whether or not the animal is carrying the rabies virus. To be safe, use standard
precautions and handle all mammals as though they may be possibly carrying this virus.
I don’t want
to get sick. I
better learn
this stuff!
Hosts: Any warm-blooded mammal (Primarily skunks, raccoons, and bats)
Transmission: The virus is transmitted in the saliva of the host animal and may
enter the body by introduction of saliva by biting, contamination of cuts and
Symptoms: Signs can include restlessness, aggression, unusual friendliness,
open wounds, inhalation, ocular exposure or contact with mucous membranes.
salivation, ataxia, paralysis, and convulsions.
b. Psittacosis
Hosts: Birds including pigeons, raptors, and finches
Transmission: The bacteria are contained in the tissues, droppings, and nasal
discharges of infected birds. The most common route of infection to humans is
through fecal-oral contamination and inhalation of dried droppings and
discharge
Symptoms: Signs in animals may include respiratory distress, conjunctivitis,
green diarrhea tinged with blood, and emaciation due to decreased appetite.
c. Baylisascaris procynosis (Raccoon roundworm)
Hosts: Raccoons
Transmission: Through fecal-oral ingestion of the roundworm eggs.
Symptoms: Often in adult raccoons there is no sign of the infection. Young
raccoons may have diarrhea, general malaise, and fussiness. Roundworms may
show in the feces. In other animals, irreversible central nervous damage and
possible death may occur.
d. Plague
Hosts: Fleas; often found on rats and ground squirrels
Transmission: Flea bite. Wild rodents, rabbits, and mammals serve as the hosts
to the fleas.
Symptoms: Wild rodents become infected but usually do not show clinical signs
under normal conditions. The signs in animals are fever, pneumonia, and
swollen lymph nodes.
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e. Salmonellosis
Hosts: Birds, reptiles and mammals
Transmission: Through fecal contamination, usually fecal-oral contamination.
The bacteria may contaminate food, water, or live on surfaces not properly
cleaned.
Symptoms: In animals, the symptoms are not as obvious. When symptoms are
present, they may include weakness, drowsiness, depression, convulsions,
trembling, gasping for air, vomiting, diarrhea, and slight fever. The shedding
period of these bacteria lasts for some time following infection. Some animals
can become carriers.
f. Aspergillosis
Host: Raptors and Aquatic birds
Transmission: Fungal spores
Symptoms: Aspergillosis is a fungal infection that is seen in most species of
birds. Chronic illness, malnutrition, and inadequate housing are all factors in
predisposing some birds to an infection. The air sacs have almost no blood
supply, so once aspergillosis gets started in the air sacs, it can continue to grow.
If hand-fed chicks aspirate some of the feeding formula into their air sacs, which
then acts as a foreign body where the fungus can grow.
g. Newcastle’s Disease
Host: Pigeons
Transmission: The disease is transmitted through infected birds' droppings and
secretions from the nose, mouth, and eyes.
Symptoms: PMV 1 can cause disease in humans. Healthy people who are
exposed may develop mild signs of infection (malaise) or conjunctivitis and flulike symptoms. Infected people will shed the virus in secretions for a period of
time after exposure, and they will be technically able to pass the virus to other
humans or birds, but this is unlikely, as practicing good hygiene should prevent
this.
h. Tularemia:
Hosts: Rodents (fleas and ticks), deer, rabbits
Transmission: bite or break in the skin that is exposed to the infected animal or
its body.
Symptoms: chills, eye irritation (conjunctivitis -- if the infection began in the
eye), fever, headache, joint stiffness, muscle pains, red spot on the skin,
growing to become a sore (ulcer), shortness of breath, sweating, weight loss.
i. Tetanus:
Host: none, but can be found in soil and other surfaces
Transmission: The bacterium Clostridium tetani forms an endospore and can
survive for long periods of time. When the endospore is introduced into a
favorable environment it begins to metabolize. Can be transmitted through an
open wound or an injury.
Symptoms: Lockjaw, drooling, irritability, fever, excessive sweating,
uncontrolled urination or defecation.
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VI. Intake Procedures
The intake process is very important for many reasons. Bringing an injured or orphaned animal can be
an emotional or even traumatic experience for someone not accustomed to working with wildlife. Greet
the person with a smile and warm attitude. Even when we are busy we make sure that the initial process
is easy going for everyone. Take the time to get as much information as possible. All information should
be summarized on the bottom of the intake form.
Questions should include:
 NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER OF FINDER
This is important for four reasons:
1. Required under our Fish and Game Rehabilitation permit
2. We may need to contact that person about health problems (rabies, tulermia, etc.)
3. We may need to find out more information about the animal (i.e. release location)
4. This information indicates community support and is used for grant writing.

WHEN IT WAS FOUND
This is important, giving us an idea about how old an injury is, how long it has been in
captivity and is an indication of hydration and nutrition status.

WHERE IT WAS FOUND
Be specific as possible, street address if possible, landmarks if no address. Find out if it
was: near a road, under power-lines, window, a tree, bushes, a cat’s mouth, etc.

OBSERVATIONS WHEN FOUND
1. Behavioral information: couldn’t fly, could fly a little, limped, passive, aggressive,
turning head, convulsions etc.
2. How long was the animal kept in captivity?
3. Was the animal offered any food or water? When and what?
4. Has the animal been taken to a Vet? Who? Any treatment? Time of last treatment?
5. Has any person or animal been bitten or scratched by the animal?
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All paper needs to be completed in full before an animal is put into a cage. The initial paperwork
includes:
EVERY ANIMAL gets an ID#
The Boxed area is filled out by the person
who brings in the animal. Please make
sure that the name, phone number and
area where it was rescued is legible.
The rest of the information is filled out by
the volunteer who is performing the intake
process.
Care notes should be filled out during the
examination
2) Cage Tag
The cage tag follows the animal from
beginning to end. Information from the intake
sheet should match the cage tag.
Communication About Animals:
As a largely volunteer-based organization, we need to rely
heavily on or clear communication. It is imperative that if you
notice something unusual about an animal, have concerns or
suggestions, that you communicate these orally to a
supervisor or write a note and post on the cage. Likewise,
anything important to the care of an animal will be noted on
the cage. If an animal needs to be weighed daily, fed
something specific, needs to be observed for something
specific, this will all be noted on the cage. Please read all
notes on all cages!
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VII. Initial Exam:
Never Try to feed ANY animal that is
cold, dehydrated, or in shock.
Each patient should receive a thorough exam upon arrival at the rehabilitation center. Keep noise,
activities, and handling to a minimum to reduce stress, and discontinue the exam should the animal
become distressed. Within 15min. of arrival the follow should be addressed:
-Physical exam
-Control active bleeding
-Fluids (Warm the animal first. Never give a cold animal fluids)
-Antibiotics
-Pain Management
-Head and spinal trauma assessment
Before a thorough exam, a stressed animal benefits from a 30-60 minute rest in a dark, quiet box.
Preparation:
To limit handling and stress to the patient, have all equipment needed ready for the examination.
(During this time of the examination appropriate housing and course of nutrition/hydration should be
prepared). Get the supplies needed, including towels, antiseptic solution, gauze/bandages, vet wrap,
scissors, gloves, Q-tips, scale, Ectoparasite powder , pen light, etc. given the situation at hand.
General Procedures:






Weigh the animal
Measure immature opossums (tip of nose to base of tail)
Powder for mites, ticks, fleas, feather lice, and all other ectoparasites with Baby Powder or Sevin
(Supervisors) DO: trich swab on finches, mockers, corvids, cat caught finches
eye swab on goldfinches, house finches w/ conjunctivitis
(Supervisors)Give prophylactic meds to: Mockers, Robins, Thrushes, Flickers, Doves, BT Pigeons
Record all of the above on the treatment record/intake sheet
Exam Quick Check: Eyes, Ears,
Nose, Mouth, Cloaca/Anus.
Check joints and bone placement
Note any bleeding, fluids,
ectoparasites, injuries, etc.
WRITE DOWN FINDINGS ON
CAGE TAG
TG SBWCN 2012
Page 15
When checking birds, the exam begins from head to toe. This diagram is a good example of the
areas that need to be looked at or when documenting information about the bird
This diagram is also
helpful in identifying
birds. Some birds may
look very similar, but
small defining differences
in the face, tail, or wing
tips. When looking up
birds in an ID book
knowing the topography
of a bird is very helpful.
Mammals too, the
exam begins from head
to toe. No area should
be left undiscovered
TG SBWCN 2012
Birds also have one
more area of
concern, air sacs.
When an air sac
bursts, the
surrounding internal
cavity continues to
fill with air creating
an increase of
pressure. An air sac
can burst from blunt
trauma or puncture
wound from an
animal
Page 16
VIII. Emergency or Life threatening Situations TRIAGE
When receiving an animal, listed below are situations that require immediate attention:
1. Shock
Symptoms: Drop in body temperature, body feels cold to the touch, a fast but weak pulse, fast,
shallow breathing. Lips, gums, tongue, and eye membranes may be pale (this could also indicate
internal bleeding). There may also be vomiting, loss of control of urine and bowels, general
weakness, and perhaps unconsciousness. Shock reactions in birds can be delayed, sometimes as
long as a couple of days. The bird will be weak, listless, have pale membranes.
Causes: Extreme stress, physical or emotional.
Treatment: Keep the shocked animal in a dark, warm, quiet place. Cover the cage or container
to reduce visual stress. The animal should have some time of complete isolation
2. Dehydration or Excessive Loss of Fluids
Symptoms: Sunken eyes, overall shrunken appearance, loss of skin elasticity, nonresponsiveness, tacky mouth/stringy saliva, hard crop in birds
Causes: Extreme heat, no available water, prolonged or severe diarrhea.
Treatment: Treat by restoring body fluids. Severely dehydrated animals will need intravenous
fluids or subcutaneous fluid injections or drips. This must be done by a qualified professional.
3. Unconsciousness/ Unresponsiveness
Symptoms: Little or no response to stimuli
Causes: Concussion, hypothermia, heat stroke, suffocation, drowning, heart attack,
electrocution, and shock can all cause various degrees of unconsciousness.
Treatment: Concussion or stunning is usually caused by a blow to the head, and is temporary.
The animal will recover on its own if treated, as for shock, with a safe, warm, quiet, dark place to
rest. A more serious injury will make the animal unconscious longer. The animal may have
trouble with balance or paralysis, and possibly blindness. The animal needs to be checked out by
a vet
4. Open wounds and Bleeding (Refer to wound management)
Symptoms: Blood, visible tears in the flesh
Causes and Types:
a. Incisions
b. Punctures
c. Lacerations
d. Bruises
e. Abrasions
Treatment: To stop severe bleeding, apply pressure. If the blood spurts, it is from an artery, and
pressure with gauze should be applied from above the wound for at least 5 to 10 minutes. If the
blood flows, it is from a vein, and pressure should be applied from below for at least 2 minutes.
Do not check to see if the bleeding has stopped until time has elapsed. Repeat if necessary. Do
not dab, or you will disturb the clot.
5. Hypothermia (extreme cooling of body temp)
Symptoms: Obvious distress, shivering, lethargy; animal may have trouble walking, and may
stagger and fall if it tries to move. The body temperature will be very low, and the
pulse will be weak and slow. Breathing will be slow and shallow. Skin may feel cool to the touch.
Causes: Cold weather, cold environment
Treatment: Get animal to a warm place, and begin to warm GRADUALLY.
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5. Hyperthermia (heatstroke)
Symptoms: Obvious distress, panting, lethargy; animal may have trouble walking, and
may stagger and fall if it tries to move. The body temperature will be very high, and
there may be convulsions or loss of consciousness.
Causes: Hot environment
Treatment: Get the animal to a cool place, and reduce its body heat. Use cold water,
gently poured over the animal, cool cloths or ice packs, get paws or feet into cool water.
Keep this up until the animal comes around. It is helpful to know the animal’s normal
temperature, check the animal’s temperature regularly.
6. Severe Emaciation
Symptoms: In a bird, the beastbone or keel will be ‘sharp’ to the touch. The breast
muscle will be shrunken. In mammals, the body weight will be down, the fur dull and
perhaps sparse, the eyes dull, weak, listless and dehydrated.
Causes: No food available. Or the animal is too young or too weak to find food.
Treatment: Give the animal rehydration fluid using the methods described under
Dehydration. Sometimes starvation is caused by digestive development problems,
disease, parasites, poison or an obstruction along the G.I. tract.
7. Tars/ Oil and Glue
Symptoms: Feathers/fur covered in solution that may make mobility difficult and
potentially life threatening. Waterproofing and insulating properties will be gone. Water
birds will not be able to remain afloat, may be chilled and unable to fly.
Causes and types: Animals may become stuck on flypaper or on a rodent glue-board.
Others come covered in with tar or another sticky substance such as pine sap. Animals
can also be found stuck in fresh tar on a roof or driveway or from oil spills from shore or
tankers on the water.
Treatment: Animals covered in tar/crude oil need a special kind of solvent oil to safely
remove from feathers/fur (solvent must be applied by staff and certified volunteers).
Keep (birds) warm through the treatment. Wash out the eyes, mouth, and nostrils.
Animals covered in other (less harmless) glues can be removed in two ways. 1)
Drenching a paintbrush, cotton swab, or paper towel with mineral oil, cooking oil or glue
remover and slowly work the oil between the animal and the sticky surface. Do not pull!
Work slowly. 2) Sprinkle corn starch onto the sticky areas and work slowly to ensure
that fur/ feathers/ skin are not torn loose. Both ways require time and patience. Some
instances will require removing the sticky substance in stages.
8. Poison/ Seizures
a. Symptoms: There are many different ways that a mammal or bird can be poisoned. The
symptoms may include paralysis, convulsions, excessive salivation, internal bleeding,
and hypersensitivity. Treatment differs for different poisons in wildlife just as it does for
humans. It is important that the poison is identified accurately. Animals can be poisoned
by pesticides, gases, bee stings, rat poisons, toxic plants, snail or slug bait, lead in paint,
antifreeze, household and gardening chemicals, petroleum. Call the animal poison
control center at 1-800-548-2423. The idea is to reduce the poison’s absorption rate into
the tissues.
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IX.
Wound Care and Management
Wounds may be classified as clean, contaminated, or infected.
Clean wounds are those created under aseptic conditions (i.e. surgical incisions). The difference
between contaminated and infected wounds is determined by the number of bacteria present. The
level of contamination, blood supply, and the cause of the wound all contribute to the development
of the necessary conditions for infection, and each case must be assessed independently.
Clean the wound:
- Flush w/ Nolvasan, if Nolvasan is not available Betadine is acceptable.
-Remove debris, feathers, fur etc.
-Rinse w/ saline or distilled water
-Treat the wound (Neo-predef, animax ointment, silvadene cream)
-Cover/dress the wound
-Antibiotics (PO or IM)
-Pain management
-Re-check 24-48hrs
Dressing materials should be as clean as possible. Sterile materials are always preferable. When you
open dressing packages or handle any materials, do so carefully in order to keep those materials as
free of dirt and debris as possible. Do not bandage a dressing in place until the bleeding has
stopped. The exception is a pressure dressing, which is designed to help stop hemorrhaging. The
dressing should cover the entire wound. All edges of a dressing should be covered by the bandage.
Make sure there are no loose ends of cloth, gauze, or tape that could get caught up in the animal.
Always place the body part to be bandaged in the position in which it is to remain. You can bandage across a
joint, but do not try bending a joint after the bandage has been applied to it. When applying the bandage
make sure to proceed from distal to proximal (from the bottom-up)
Other Wounds:
Cat-caught animal
Symptoms: Tears in the flesh, punctures (not always visible), crushing injuries in small
birds and mammal. Often the animal will appear fine, but don’t be fooled. Cat saliva
received through an open wound or puncture has potent bacteria that can kill a small
creature in 72hrs.
Treatment: Treat for shock. Once the animal is calm, clean the visible wounds and
double check carefully to make sure you have found all injuries. Apply topical
antibiotics. Oral and/or antibiotics administered by injection should also be given for 3-5
days. Rabbits react badly to oral antibiotics* and will need them administered by
injection. (* If administered PO it must be followed by a “chaser” of juice)
Air Bubbles
Symptoms: An air bubble may appear under the skin of injured birds. Don’t mistake a
full crop (on the side of the neck) in some birds for an air bubble. There will be no food
visible through the skin of an air bubble.
Causes: An injury will sometimes result in an air leak under the skin.
Treatment: It may deflate on its own. If it does not, and it is causing pressure or getting
in the way of normal movement, applying a pressure bandage will assist in decreasing
the pressure.
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X. Fractures
There may be obvious deformity or swelling,
an inability to use the affected part. Fractures
or broken bones require emergency care. The
animal may also be in shock, and may be
bleeding.
Types of Fractures
-A simple fracture has no bone ends protruding
-A compound fracture has bone ends protruding through the skin
If the fracture is compound, control any bleeding. Try not to let anything touch the bone to protect
against infection. Apply gauze soaked in Nolvasan and wrapped lightly until the fracture can be set. In
many cases birds with severe compound fractures cannot be saved. Bird bones are hollow, creating a
perfect environment for an infection to occur. If the break is clean and no blood vessels or nerves were
damaged
will more
than likely be a successful recovery.
Clean
the it
fracture
site:
-Flush w/ Nolvasan, if Nolvasan is not available Betadine is acceptable.
-Remove debris, feathers, fur etc.
-Rinse w/ saline or distilled water
-Cover exposed bone or tendon
-Immobilize the limb with a splint and/or vet wrap
-Antibiotics
-Pain management
-Re-check 24-48hrs
As a volunteer, you first must learn
proper handling techniques and
evaluation of broken bones before
you can learn out to set them. This is
a hands-on learning experience.
Example of a figure-8 wing wrap
XI. Signs and Symptoms of illness
Listed below are some of the diseases and illnesses that have been encountered. This is
used as a reference in determining the route of treatment an animal will take. Staff and
experienced volunteers will treat illnesses “in-house”. In some cases however, the severity
of the illness or disease will need serious emergency care from a Veterinarian.
Avian Pox:
This disease is characterized by wart-like growths on the featherless areas of the body such
as around the eye, the base of the beak, and on the legs and feet. Avian pox can be
mistaken for conjunctivitis when the eyes are affected. Betadine scrub to affected areas and
an increase in consumption of Vit. A has shown to be effective treatment.
(Can be passed to personal pets if proper hygiene is not practiced)
Trich:
Often found in pigeons, doves and raptors but can occasionally be found in other birds.
Characterized by white to yellow plaques or necrotic masses from or in the mouth, causing
regurgitation, anorexia, dyspnea, and debilitation. This can be managed through drug
therapy. However, if a bird is struggling to breathe, it may be too late for drug therapy.
(Can be passed to personal pets if proper hygiene is not practiced)
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Worms:
The most common worms found in birds are roundworms, hair worms, stomach wall
worms, gapeworms, stromglylids and tapeworms. Symptoms include droopiness, loss of
weight and some diarrhea. Gapeworms can cause breathing problems. The best way to
determine if a worm problem exists is to do a fecal exam. This can be managed with drug
therapy.
Respiratory disease:
The classic symptoms of respiratory infections include mucous in the throat, open beak,
heavy breathing, rasping or gurgling while breathing, watery discharge from eyes,
sometimes associated with swelling in the eye area. Other symptoms include discharge from
the nasal area and occasionally air sac swelling or crop swelling as torn air sacs trap air
under the skin. Other diseases can quickly manifest themselves when birds are in distress,
with symptoms such as loose, greenish droppings and loss of weight be diminished. This can
be managed with drug therapy.
Conjunctivitis:
Birds with avian conjunctivitis often have red, swollen, watery, or crusty eyes; in extreme
cases the eyes are so swollen or crusted over that the birds are virtually blind. This is
different from sinusitis, but both have very similar signs. Can be treated with drug therapy.
Distemper:
Commonly observed signs are a runny nose, vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, excessive
salivation, coughing and/or labored breathing, loss of appetite, and weight loss. When and if
the neurological symptoms develop, incontinence may ensue. The symptoms within the
central nervous system include a localized involuntary twitching of muscles or groups of
muscles, seizures often distinguished by salivation, and jaw movements commonly
described as "chewing gum fits", or more appropriately as "distemper myoclonus". Skunks,
Raccoons and canine species must go to a Veterinarian.
(Can be passed to personal pets if proper hygiene is not practiced)
Parvo:
There are two forms of the virus, an intestinal form and a cardiac form. The symptoms
include lethargy, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea (usually bloody). Diarrhea and vomiting result
in dehydration and secondary infections can set in. Due to dehydration, the dog's electrolyte
balance can become critically affected. Because the normal intestinal lining is also
compromised, blood and protein leak into the intestines leading to anemia and loss of
protein, and endotoxins escaping into the bloodstream, causing endotoxemia. Dogs have a
distinctive odor in the later stages of the infection. Canine species must go to the
Veterinarian.
(Can be passed to personal pets if proper hygiene is not practiced)
West Nile Virus:
Birds do not usually show signs of infection until the last stage of the disease, which is
encephalitis or inflammation of the brain. An infected bird may appear drowsy, be unable to
fly or walk properly; it may even have problems standing upright. Crows, ravens, magpies
and blue jays are known to be the most susceptible, and the most likely to exhibit the
recognizable symptoms of West Nile virus. Other animals that may exhibit WNV are bats,
chipmunks, squirrels and rabbits.
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Mange:
Mange is a skin infection caused by microscopic mites. It is quite commonly reported in
coyotes. Sarcoptes mites spend their entire life cycle within the skin of the host. They are
transmitted by direct contact between animals and their immediate surroundings (i.e.
bedding). They are usually most easily transmitted between individuals of the same species.
The mites burrow through the skin causing a severe reaction and inflammation. The skin
weeps fluid, thickens, darkens and hair is easily lost. Thick crusts form and there may be
many self- inflicted wounds from the extreme irritation. Hair loss and skin changes are
typically on the legs, tail and face, but may extend over areas of the body the animal can
reach with its teeth or claws. Severely affected animals may be weak and behave strangely,
often while seeking shelter. Most affected animals lose body condition and can die of
hypothermia and exposure due to the lack of hair.
Coccidia:
This highly infection and very common disease is caused by a protozoan that infects the
intestines. It is usually present to some degree in all pigeons and rabbits, but most adults
have developed enough immunity to the disease to remain healthy. Most often infected are
young animals that have been subjected to severe stress (i.e., racing, lack of feed/water, or
relocation). Adult birds may become infected from drinking unclean water or from being in
contact with moist droppings. Symptoms - Infected birds have little or no desire to eat or
drink, will remain puffed up on perches, lack any desire to move and often close their eyes.
Droppings are usually very loose, greenish in color and may become very watery. Loss of
weight occurs, and death can occur in young birds.
Candidiasis:
Candida is a type of yeast that can cause infections in the mouth, crop and occasionally the
rest of the intestinal tract. It is most commonly seen in young chicks, particularly those that
have been treated with antibiotics, which disturb the normal bacterial balance. The
infections can be detected as whitish plaques in the mouth, which reveal the yeast when
examined microscopically. Regurgitation, anorexia, and delayed crop emptying may be
present with a candida infection of the crop. Some birds develop a swollen or bloated
mucus-filled crop. White plaques may be present in the mouth if oral candida is present.
These must be differentiated from Vitamin A deficiency, pox, and trichomoniasis (parasite).
External parasites:
Fleas- Can be found on mammals. Intermediate host for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum
Flat Flies (louse fly)- Are primarily found on pigeons, but can be found on any bird. They are
a quick moving blood sucking fly which may serve as intermediate hosts for many avian
blood protozoans.
Feather Lice- Feather lice are species specific. They chew/destroy feathers and suck blood
Mites-Blood sucking parasite. Feather mites destroy feathers and skin
Chiggers- Type of mite that can be transmissible to humans. They are a burrowing species
Bot Flies- Adults lay their eggs underneath the skin and the larva grow
Maggots- Fly larva that eat dead tissue
Ticks- Blood sucking parasite
**Mosquitos are not normally found on the host when in transit but it is important to know
that diseases such as Avian Pox and West Nile can be spread
There are several powders and sprays that can be used in eliminating ectoparasites.
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Paramyxovirus (PMV-3):
Hosts of PMV-3 are Passerines, Pigeons and Parrots. The first signs are usually of diarrhea,
sometimes watery, usually greenish in color. Birds become reluctant to move, depressed
and lose their appetite, although they may drink more than usual. They will become quiet
and reluctant to exercise. Nervous signs may develop early, even preceding signs of
diarrhea, with trembling of the wings and head. Birds may tumble over when landing. Partial
paralysis of wings and legs may occur and twisting of the neck (torticollis). In some cases,
birds may not be able to pick up grain on attempting to feed. Similar symptoms are
produced by other diseases i.e., enteritis, salmonella, and by some poisons i.e. chemically dressed seed.
New Castle’s (PMV-1):
Newcastle's Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus, called PMV-1. PMV-1 can infect a broad
range of animals, including many species of mammals (including humans) and most species
of birds. Clinical signs may consist of depression, loss of appetite, lethargy, voluminous
green diarrhea, dyspnea, nasal and ocular inflammation, ataxia, tremors, twisting of the
head and neck, seizures and limb paralysis. Death may occur suddenly after the onset of a
period of depression. Symptoms include extremely loose, watery droppings, lack of
appetite, ruffled feathers poor coordination, and sometimes paralysis of wings and legs. In
advanced stages, birds will show "twisted neck" symptoms and many birds will die.
XII.
RESCUE KIT SUGGESTIONS:
-GPS or road map
-Current tide chart
-Flashlight
-Animal I.D. Books
-Three different size boxes
-Paper bags
-A pair of welders gloves or heavy
leather gloves
-Vinyl gloves
-Towels
-Pillow cases
-Spray bottle filled with water
-State/Fed. Permit card
-Car magnet
-Transporter list
-A copy of your insurance on file
at the center
___________________________
Personal Rescue Kit
-Sunscreen
-Change of clothes
-Safety Glasses
-Drinking Water
-Hand Sanitizer
-Pocket Knife
-Duct-tape
TG SBWCN 2012
Rescue
Human safety comes first! Although there will always be some level of risk associated
with handling wildlife, the simple rule is: there should never be a situation in which a
human’s safety is be put at risk to rescue an animal. This also applies when answering
emergency phone calls and giving advice. A basic principle in wildlife capture and
handling is to accomplish the task with the minimum amount of restraint
necessary.
Personal Safety comes first!
Be aware of your surroundings
If you are rescuing at the beach:
-Keep dogs and crowds of people away
-Rocks may have seaweed or moss growing on it. Hence, they may be
slippery, use caution.
If you are rescuing in a wooded area:
-Be cautious of rattle snakes
-Know your plant species. We have poison oak in our area.
If you are rescuing at a residential area:
-Spiders may be sharing the same space of the animal needing rescue.
-Be careful around any sharp edges, such as a bad fence or rusted
metal.
Page 23
Factors to think about during a rescue:
1. Keep the chase, handling, physical contact, and noise to a minimum.
2. Identify the significant stressors and reduce them as much as possible.
3. Weather, is it hot or cold? The animal may have hypo/hyperthermia, may go
into shock with excessive chasing.
4. Remember the natural history of the animal, what are its natural defenses?
5. Before you capture an animal pay attention to what the situation is. Is the
animal in a busy or high traffic area (car or people)? Always herd animals away
from traffic, but if there are people they can assist in herding the animal.
6. Animals with broken appendages are less likely to make a fast getaway.
However, if in good health they may have a strong fighting spirit. Unfortunately
if a bird can still fly it will make the rescue difficult. The exception to this is head
trauma or illness.
7. Is the animal an injured adult with young? Attend to the adult first, and then
gather the young.
Strategies to capture wild animals in open spaces:
1. When possible, approach from the animal’s escape route.
2. Be stealthy. It is often helpful to be low to the ground and move slowly towards the animal,
into a position where you will then use quick action to catch it.
3. Conceal your approach whenever possible. Make use of dips in the terrain, rocks, shrubbery
and even darkness to shield your approach. You might even be able to use the animal’s body
position to your advantage, sneaking up from behind where it may have difficulty seeing
you. Sounds too, may be used as audio barriers. The loud rushing sound of water (or traffic)
can help conceal your movement.
4. As a general rule, if an animal shows signs of flight you should become motionless, and in
some cases avert your eyes.
5. When appropriate, maneuver the animal. Control its movement. For instance you could try
herding it towards a net or into a snare or, luring it closer using bait.
6. Use physical and psychological restraint when applicable. Speak very quietly. Never shout.
Capture and Restraint for BIRDS
Birds do not have a diaphragm muscle, they breathe by moving their entire sternum. If the bird is mobile
but unable to fly, find the bird’s escape route, lay a towel on top of the bird’s head and body. As you pick
up the bird, cup your hands around the wings, folding the towel under the body. The bird’s head should
be covered to reduce stress. For birds with long beaks, the head/beak must be restrained first before
getting the wings. Hold birds at waist level, never near your face. Raptors can inflict severe injury and
you must restrain their feet using heavy leather gloves and a towel. Only trained volunteers should
handle raptors.
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Capture and Restraint for MAMMALS
Wear gloves with all mammals, especially with squirrels, rabbits, rats, opossums, skunks and young
coyotes. Raccoons are very aggressive; their skin is loose around the scruff of the neck. A net or catchpole can be used effectively. When using a catch-pole remember to also snare one of the animal’s
shoulders in the noose to not choke the animal. Only trained volunteers may use the catch pole.
Capture and Restraint for REPTILES
Take caution when going after snakes. Rattlesnakes will not always rattle their tail. If you are not sure
what kind of a snake it is use a long stick to scoop it up (be careful not to stab it). If the species is nonvenomous grasp it directly behind the head where the jaw is and hold the body midway. For turtles,
grasp them as though you would be eating a sandwich. Place thumbs on top and fingers on the sides,
wrapping around to the bottom.
Once an animal is captured and is ready for transport we ask that you do not have music on during the
drive, keep windows rolled up or slightly cracked, and voices to a minimum. Remember that this is a wild
animal that has been taken out of its natural surroundings and requires human assistance. Regardless of
how cute an animal may be, it is not a pet.
OIL SPILL
Only trained individuals may enter an oil spill area. An individual is required to have a 24hr. HAZWOPER
training in order to collect animals from a “hot zone”. Transporters and those at the stabilization center
do not have to have HAZWOPER training but should know the effects of oil found on animals. Training is
offered by OSPR and OWCN. Ask staff if you would like to know more. If you do find what appears to be
an oil spill please notify OSPR and OWCN immediately.
If you are interested in being a part of the rescue team, please inform staff so that you may be trained
properly. You must learn how to handle animals in a controlled environment first. This is not only for your
safety, but also the safety of the animal.
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XIII.
Aquatic Birds
In rehabilitation it is essential for these birds to begin the next step of rehab, waterproofing their
feathers and get the chance to exercise and gain weight. Caring for Aquatic birds is more physically
intense. We require that you are in good health and physical shape, as well as able to lift 40lbs.
However if aquatic birds are your passion and are unable to make the requirements, we can find a
way to have you help. Transporters are needed almost daily.
 Shorebird enclosures (Plovers, Sandpipers etc)
These enclosures are filled with sand which should be spot cleaned as needed, the diet
and water is made fresh daily. (Diet sheets are located in the office/kitchen area.).

The Pools
The pools are maintained daily to ensure that the birds housed within are able to
remain waterproof as well as be enriched by their environment.
Daily Pool Maintenance:
-Chemical check: Chlorine, pH, Nitrate, Nitrite
-Check psi on both filters, if psi is more than 20 the filters need to be hosed thoroughly
-Vacuum/syphon pools when there is debris on the bottom (usually every other day)
-Hose edges of both pools and gravel to remove debris and urates
-Hose cement slabs to remove debris and urates
-Scrub edges of pool, decorative rocks and pile-ons
-Scoop out feathers, organic matter and other debris found in skimmer
Daily tasks:
1. Preparation of diets- Each animal has an appropriate diet that is made fresh daily.
Occasionally there will be changes, depending on the influx of animals coming in as well as the
continuation of the rehabilitation process.
2. Washing fish buckets- Fish buckets need to be thoroughly washed inside and out with hot,
soapy water. Once buckets have been washed and rinsed, should be flipped upside down to dry.
3. Inventory of supplies- Check fridge for produce, worms, eggs, bread, blood worms, waterfowl
diet, game-bird mash, dog and cat food. When supplies are low or have run out please inform
staff immediately.
4. Thawing out fish-Pull the appropriate amount (usually listed on the white board), run COLD
water on fish in metal sink for least 2-5min.
5. Disinfecting fish sink-after fish have been thawed out the sink will need to be disinfected with
diluted bleach solution.
6. Disinfecting countertop area- Wipe down countertop with hot water and diluted bleach
solution
7. Cleaning fridge inside and out-Remove all items from inside the fridge and wipe down with
hot water and diluted bleach. Return items back once the inside is clean. Wipe down all surfaces
on the front of the fridge; remove any build-up that may have accumulated on the handle.
8. Laundry- Shake out laundry into trash can. (Please ask staff about laundry settings)
9. Sweep and mop floor- The floor can hide the presence of dirt
10.Trash and Recycling Bins- Put trash out every Tuesday night; Wednesday return trash cans
after service. Blue recycle bin is collected every other week.
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