Articulations
Joints: Places where bones join, and movement is possible
A Three types of joints based on function (degree of movement)
1 synarthrosis: immovable joint. Examples are the sutures of the cranium
2 amphiarthrosis: slightly movable, small degree of movement between the bones. ex. bones of the vertebral column
3 diarthrosis: Freely movable, allows the greatest degree of movement. ex. hip joint, shoulder joint
B Three classes of joints based on structure;
1 Fibrous joint: connected by fibribous connective tissue allowing little or no movement.
a sutures of the cranium
b syndesmosis: between the tibia and fibula
c gomphosis: holds teeth in the socket
2 Cartilaginous Joints allow for slight movement and are generally found in the axial skeleton
a symphysis: discs like in the vertebrae, and symphysis pubis, b epiphyseal plate
3 Synovial joints: There is a fluid filled cavity or space between the articulating bones. Synovial fluid acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between moving bones.
a Types of synovial joints
1 pivot joint
2 saddle joint 3 gliding joint
4 ball and socket 5 condyloid joint: (aka ellipsoidal)
6 hinge joint C Joint diseases and disorders
1 Injuries: Sprain, dislocation
2 diseases: Arthritis: Osteoarthritis, rhuematoid, gout
Types of movement:
1 Flexion:
2 Extension:
3 Hyperextension
4 Abduction
5 Adduction
6 Rotation
7 Circumduction
8 Pronation
9 Supination
10 Protraction
11 Retraction
12 Inversion
13 Evertion
14 Dorsiflexion
15 Plantar flexion
16 Elevation
17 Depression
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