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Social Darwinism encouraged hard work, industrialization and the accumulation of wealth.
In the triangle shirtwaist factory fire, 146 female workers died.
Scabs were workers that were used to break strikes, therefore they were unpopular with striking workers.
New methods of making steel made it possible to construct skyscrapers.
The goal of the interstate commerce act was to lower excessive railroad rates.
The main purpose of the Credit Mobilier was to steal railroad money for its shareholders.
The great strike of 1877 took place in the railroad industry.
The main immigration processing station in San Francisco was called Angel Island.
The main goal of the Chinese exclusion act was to decrease Chinese immigration.
Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by social reformers.
The illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called graft.
Tammany hall was the name of a New York City political machine.
An example of patronage would be appointing a friend to a political position.
The original purpose of the row house was to provide single family homes for the working class.
The main purpose of patronage was to reward one’s supporters.
Civil service reform prompted the assassination of President Garfield.
Chester Arthur changed his ideas on civil service reform when he gained the presidency.
The factor that prevented the greatest number of children from attending public high schools was racism.
Daniel Burnham’s plan for the city of Chicago emphasized a lakefront pack system.
Skyscrapers were made possible by the invention of the elevator and a steel framework.
In the southwest, many Mexicans earned a living as railroad workers and agricultural laborers.
Jim Crow laws were laws that separated the races.
In the case Plessey vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public facilities was legal.
New railroads lines allowed cities t expand outward.
Booker t. Washington expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and proved their economic value to society.
An interest in leisure activities was reflected by the popularity of bicycling and amusement parks.
Racial segregation was permitted for nearly 60 years was an effect that can be traced directly to the ruling Plessy v. Ferguson.
A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer was debt peonage.
Newspaper editor who led a crusade against lynching was Ida B. Wells.
University founded by Booker T. Washington was Tuskegee University.
The wright brothers had the first successful airplane flight.
Muckrakers were journalists.
A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as an initiative.
In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as servants.
In the jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry.
The first person to use the presidency as “bully pulpit” was Theodore Roosevelt.
The law that required truthful labels was the pure food and drug act.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were charged with, and convicted of, robbery and murder.
Attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer believed that he needed to protect the American people from political radicals.
During the 1920s, union membership dropped considerably.
The first practical peacetime use of airplanes was for carrying mail.
The main factor causing urban sprawl in the 1920s was the automobile.
The Teapot Dome scandal centered on oil-rich lands.
Fears of communism was most closely tied to the public’s negative reactions to organized labor in the 1920s.
Communism called for the abolition of private property in order to equally distribute wealth and power.
To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden nightclubs known as speakeasies.
The Harlem renaissance refers to a celebration of African American culture in literature and art.
John t. scopes challenged a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of evolution.
Fundamentalists believed that the bible should be taken literally.
F. Scoot Fitzgerald described the 1920s as the Jazz Age.
Charles Lindbergh was famous as a pilot.
Critical views of American culture marked the works of many famous writers of the 1920s, including the lost generation.
Jazz music was born in New Orleans and was spread to the north by such musicians as Louis Armstrong.
The crime rate increased during the 1920s.
The “great migration” of 1910-1920 refers to the movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities.
Except for evangelism, alcohol caused all of the following, according to most fundamentalists.
Concert music composer George Gershwin was influenced by both the music of Louis Armstrong and traditional music.
Ernest Hemingway, author of the sun Also Rises, introduced a simplified style of writing.
The NAACP fought for legislation to protect African American rights under the leadership of James Weldon Johnson.
Farmers’ debts increased in the 1920s.
After the stock market crash, Hoover tried to help the economy by asking businesses not to lay off employees.
WWI veterans and their families made up the Bonus Army that marched on Washington.
Buying a stock on margin is borrowing money to help pay for the stock.
Hoboes were men and boys who rode the rails as they searched for work.
In calling shantytowns “Hoovervilles,” people conveyed their disgust with Hoover.
An example of the psychological stress caused by the Great Depression was the rise in the number of people who committed suicide.
Herbert Hoovers approach to the Depression economy was based on a belief in voluntary cooperation.
One long-range effect of the Great Depression was that many people developed habits of saving and thriftiness.
John Steinbeck wrote the novel the Grapes of Wrath.
Woody Guthrie used music to express the hardships of American life during the Depression.