Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Overview
‰ Communications Styles
‰ Values
‰ Phases in Cultural Immersion
‰ Dealing with the Differences
Understanding Differences in
Communication Styles Between
Latinos & European Americans
1/10/2006
William Cruz
(732) 208-2472
[email protected]
www.williamcruz.us
‰ 10 min Break at 2:05 PM
- PoemExperiential
Exercises
1
Objectives
Brought to you by the letters
ñ
Th
ƒ Enhance our Leadership ability:
– by learning to manage across cultures.
ƒ Increase our communication skills
– by developing inter-cultural communication skills
ƒ Develop respect for individuals and the
diversity they bring:
W
– by studying the cultural differences and being mindful and
empathetic.
Become culturally competent
1/10/2006
3
1/10/2006
4
Why is it important to focus on
Intercultural Communication?
Why is it important to focus on
Intercultural Communication?
The Economy is demanding it.
And why is it important to become
better at this complex form of
interaction?
ƒ It’s strategically important in the
transnational economy.
ƒ Increasing globalization
ƒ A more diverse domestic workforce
Corporations that do nothing will lose ground.
1/10/2006
Source: Current Population Survey, March 1999, PGP-2
5
1/10/2006
6
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Page 1
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Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
The Economy Demands it
Demographically
National Diversity of US
Diversity in the US*
z
z
z
z
z
Asian
4.5%
Native
American
1.5%
There are approximately 288.4 M persons in
the United States.
Black or African American population is 38.3
million (13.2%)
38.8 M (13.4%) of the U.S. population is
Hispanic.
13.1 M (4.5 %) of the U.S. is Asian
4.3 M (1.4%) of the U.S. is Native American
Native
Hawaiian
0.3%
Black
13.2%
(*) According to the Census estimate as of July 2002.
1/10/2006
Source: Current Population Survey, March 1999, PGP-2
7
Hispanic Racial Identity
38.8 M (Two or more Races)
Race
White
Black
Native American
Asian
Native Hawaiin
White
80.7%
1/10/2006
8
National Diversity of US
1.2 %
Native
American
Quantity (M) Percent
36.3
92%
1.7
4%
0.8
2%
0.4
1%
0.2
1%
4.4
Asian
0.3%
Hawaiin
30.7%
13.4 %
Hispanic
of the United States
consists of people from
minority groups
12.7 % Black or
African
American
of the United States
50%
will consists of people from
minority groups
by 2050
1/10/2006
9
69.3 White
1/10/2006
Percent Distribution of Hispanics
by Type: July 2002
10
Hispanic Population by Type: 2002
30
25
6.5%
Other Hispanic
25.1
20
Millions
3.7%
Cuban
8.6% Puerto Rican
15
10
5.3
3.2
5
14.3%
Central and South
American
2.4
1.4
0
Mexican
66.9%
Mexican
1/10/2006
Source: Current Population Survey,Source:
March 1999,
Current
PGP-2
Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
11
1/10/2006
Puerto Rico
Cuban
Central and
South
American
Other
Hispanic
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
12
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All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Family Households and Marital Status
Hispanic family households are more likely than
non-Hispanic White family households to be
maintained by a female with no spouse present.
Demographic Information
on Hispanics
in the US.
z
Among Hispanic family households, Puerto
Ricans have the largest proportion of
households maintained by a female with no
spouse present.
About half of Hispanics aged 15 years and older
are married.
1/10/2006
13
1/10/2006
Family Households by Type and Hispanic
Origin: 2002
14
Educational Attainment
Educational attainment of Hispanics lags behind
non-Hispanic Whites.
Non-Hispanic White
Hispanic
12.8%
22.6%
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
4.9%
z
9.6%
Among Hispanics, Mexicans 25 years and older
had the lowest proportion of people with a high
school diploma or more.
67.8%
z
82.3%
Male householder,
no spouse present
Married couple
1/10/2006
Female householder,
no spouse present
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
15
1/10/2006
Educational Attainment by Hispanic
Origin: 2002
30
33.0
35
29.4
27.9
27.0
26.3
20
25
18.0
16.0
15
11.1
10
29.4
30
Percent
Percent
16
(Population 25 years and over)
25
5
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
Percent of Population with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher by
Hispanic Origin: 2002
(Population 25 years and over)
35
Mexicans 25 years and older also had the lowest
proportion of Hispanics with a bachelor’s degree
or more.
7.3
18.6
20
15
11.1
10
4.0
17.3
14.0
7.6
5
0
Less than 9th
grade
9th to 12th
grade (no
diploma)
Hispanic
High school
graduate
Some college
Bachelor's
degree or more
0
H ispanic
Non-Hispanic W hite
1/10/2006
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
Mexica n
Puerto R ican
Cuba n
Ce ntral and
S outh
America n
Non-H ispanic
W hite
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
18
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Copyright © by TCB Consulting.
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Percent of FullFull-Time, YearYear-Round Workers With Earnings of
Less Than $35,000 in 2001 by Sex and Hispanic Origin: 2002
Poverty
(Population 15 years and over with earnings)
Hispanics are more likely to be living in poverty than
non-Hispanic Whites.
79.8
80
73.6
70.1
70
58.8
60
Percent
50
Over one quarter of Hispanic children under age 18
live in poverty.
z
46.1
37.4
40
30
Hispanic families are more likely to be living in
poverty than Non-Hispanic White families.
z
20
10
0
Both Sexes
M ale
Hispanic
1/10/2006
Female
Non-Hispanic White
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
19
1/10/2006
20
Percent of Families Below the Poverty Level
in 2001 by Family Type and Hispanic Origin: 2002
Percent of the Population Below the Poverty Level in
2001 by Age and Hispanic Origin: 2002
50
50
40
Percent
40
28.0
30
Percent
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
21.8
21.4
20
37.0
30
19.0
20
17.7
17.0
13.8
9.5
7.8
10
7.2
10.3
10
8.1
3.3
0
0
All ages
Under 18
Hispanic
18 to 64
Ma rrie d couple
65 and over
Non-Hispanic White
F e ma le house holde r, no
spouse pre se nt
Hispanic
1/10/2006
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
On Identity
Ma le house holde r, no spouse
pre se nt
Non-Hispanic White
Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5
22
National Diversity of US
1.2 %
Native American
ƒ Use the term Hispanic and Latino Interchangeably
ƒ Some people do not like the term Hispanic because
ƒ emphasizes Spanish culture- a Eurocentric view
ƒ it de-emphasizes other cultural influences such as Native
American culture (Maya, Inca, Aztec, Taino) or African
influence.
ƒ to some it connotes “racism” because the Spanish invaded,
killed Native Americans and enslaved Africans.
4.4
Asian
0.3%
Hawaiian
13.4 %
Hispanic
ƒ Latino
What are the
ancestries
and
ethnicities
of whites?
12.7 % Black or
African American
ƒ acknowledges Native American and African influences
69.3 White
1/10/2006
23
1/10/2006
24
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All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Fifteenth Largest
Ancestries: 2000
Inter-Cultural Nonverbal
Communication
Based on US Census Bureau brief titled Ancestry 2000, June 2004.
Swedi sh
1. 40%
Scotch-Ir i sh
1. 50%
Nor wegi an
1. 60%
1. 60%
Dutch
Scotti sh
1. 70%
Amer i can Indi an
2. 80%
Fr ench
3. 00%
Pol i sh
3. 20%
Ital i an
5. 60%
Mexi can
6. 50%
Amer i can
7. 20%
Engl i sh
8. 70%
Af r i can Amer i can
8. 80%
Ir i sh
10. 80%
Ger man
15. 20%
1/10/20060
What
is this person’s ancestry or ethnic origin?
4
ƒ Different Cultures have distinct ways of
communicating nonverbally.
ƒ “What happens when two people of different
Included in long form given to 1 out 6 persons.
4.3
4.5
4.5
Majority of the ancestry
of whites in the US
is European.
Term: European Americans
4.9
7.9
8.3
9
cultures talk in the same language but employ
different nonverbal communication
techniques?”
i
15.6
ƒ Differences cause misperceptions,
misinterpretations, friction, confusion,
misunderstanding and discomfort.
18.4
20.2
24.5
24.9
30.5
42.8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
25
1/10/2006
45
Functions of Nonverbal
Communication
Cause of Misunderstanding
ƒ Projective Cognitive Similarity A.K.A
Projective Similarity.
ƒ One assumes the other:
–
–
–
–
Functions
Perceives
Judges
Thinks
and reasons the same way she or he does.
1/10/2006
Expressing Emotions
Managing Conversations
Reflecting Identities
Impression Formation
Interpersonal Attraction
27
Nonverbal Patterns
Space (Proxemics)
Face/Gestures (Kinesics)
Touch (Haptics)
Eye Contact (Oculesics)
Time (Chronemics)
Tone (Paralinguists)
1/10/2006
Haptics - Touching
28
Haptics - Touching
Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and President Bush.
Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
New York Times, June 2, 2003
1/10/2006
26
New York Times, June 2, 2003
29
1/10/2006
30
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All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Haptics - Touching
Poem
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Crown Prince Abdullah
of Saudi Arabia and
President Bush.
New York Post, April 26, 2005.
1/10/2006
31
Political Themes
Socioeconomic Themes
Themes on Cultural Identity
Racism
Migration
Linguistic Themes
Literary Style
Symbols
1/10/2006
32
Poet Reverend Pedro Pietri
Rated “Best First Date” by New York Times
Poem titled “Viejo San Juan in Spanglish”
http://www.elpuertoricanembassy.org/anthem.htm
l
33
www.nuyorican.com
1/10/2006
1/10/2006
Four Stage of Culture Shock
Four Stage of Culture Shock
ƒ 1. Elated Stage:
ƒ 3. Angry Stage
• Angry at peoples prejudices
• Angry at European Americans for rejecting differences
• What’s wrong with them?
• happy, excited
• newcomer to the country, starting college, starting
a new job
– cold
– “Don’t know how to party”
ƒ 2. Discomfort Stage:
•
•
•
•
• Flip Flop between the “Discomfort Stage”
• Created Hispanic organizations
depressed, sad and hurt
What’s wrong with me?
I don’t belong here.
Many people drop out of college
1/10/2006
34
– Chicano Studies Dept or Hispanic Studies Dept
– Hispanic Support Organizations
35
1/10/2006
36
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photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Wrong Ways to Dealing with
Differences
Four Stage of Culture Shock
– Interaction with European American culture
either strengthens a Latino’s self identity or
weakens it.
– Assimilation- absorb the dominant culture
and repress native culture
ƒ Stage 4. Understanding Stage
– Nothing is wrong with me or them we’re different
– Learn to accept and deal with differences in each other
– Our differences define us but they don’t have to
separate us.
•
•
•
•
1/10/2006
37
1/10/2006
Wrong Ways to Dealing with
Differences (Continued)
ƒ Acknowledge cultural illiteracy
ƒ Become conscious of your own culture:
• Ostrich sticks its head in the ground when scared
• Refuses to acknowledge or Ignores the problem
• “I mind my own business just go to school or
work,”
• Contribute to maintaining status-quo
ƒ Nonverbal Communication styles (NVC)
ƒ Values
ƒ Become conscious of other culture’s NVC styles and
values:
ƒ Acculturate:
ƒ Borrow attributes of the other culture that will
allow you to communicate effectively with that
person.
ƒ proudly maintain you own cultural identity.
39
1/10/2006
Right Way to Deal with
Differences
40
Summary
ƒ Language is at most 35% of communication, the
rest is nonverbal communication.
ƒ Functions of NVC are to express cultural
identity, expression emotions, form impressions,
manage conversations.
ƒ We should develop, refine and constantly practices the
skill of SWITCHING CULTURAL CHANNELS
- You switch channels mono-culturally: peer, subordinate, superior or
friends, family members or depending on the emotional or physical
setting.
ƒ This is an indispensable skill to increase your
effectiveness as a leader in your multicultural groups
and interactions.
ƒ Actualize: do not just intellectualize.
- A common mistake
- Practice switching-it’s a skill that will take years to
develop and feel comfortable.
1/10/2006
38
Right Way to Deal with
Differences
– Ostrich Syndrome
1/10/2006
deny the very essence of your identity
“Uncle Toms,” “White,” “White-washed,” Coconuts
creates low self esteem (self rejection)
historical in the US, comes from fear of differences
ƒ You are constantly demonstrating your cultural identity
everyday. (eye contact, distance, say verbally/nonverbally,
cultural scripts)
ƒ Six Patterns of NVC (space, eye contact, touch,
expressions vocalic, etc…)
41
1/10/2006
42
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photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Te Conozco Bacalao: Differences In communication Styles between
Latino and European American Styles
SHPE NTCC 2006
Orlando, FL
____________________________________________________________________
Summary
Continue your Learning:
ƒ Different cultures have distinct NVC styles and values
that cause misinterpretation, misperception and
misunderstanding in cross cultural communications.
ƒ Avoid being an Ostrich or an “Uncle Tom.”
ƒ To strengthen our leadership and communication skills it
is necessary to learn the art of SWITCHING CULTURAL
CHANNELS to avoid frustration and discomfort of
misunderstanding in a multi-cultural environment.
1/10/2006
ƒ Read and take training classes on inter-cultural communication.
ƒ See handouts for references.
ƒ William’s Picks:
43
1/10/2006
Te Conozco Bacalao
Aunque Vengas Disfrazao (Disfrazado)
References
ƒ
– Proverb
– Variation in other countries is “Te Conozco Mosco”
– Translation:
Non Verbal Communication, 2nd Edition by Carmen Judith Nine-Curt,
Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, Lesley College, 1984
ƒ In Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) electronic database:
ERIC ED 258468
ƒ through an Inter-library Loan at:
–
–
–
–
–
ƒ
ƒ
44
• I recognize you salt-dried codfish even though you’re in
disguise.
Brooklyn College Library, Brooklyn, NY
New Hampshire State Library, Concord, NH
Bridgewater State Library, Bridgewater, MA
Boston Public Library, Boston MA
Houghton College Library, W. Seneca, NY
– Meaning
• Aha! I know what your up to.
• Aha! I’ve discovered your hidden agenda.
African American Communication:Exploring Identity and Culture, Michael
Hecht, 2003.
Communicating Across Cultures, Stella Ting-Toomey
– Why the Title
Communicating Effectively with the Chinese, Ge Gao, Ting-Toomey
Zea, M. C. et. al, Latino Cultural Values: Their Role in Adjustment to
Disability, Psychosocial Perspectives on Disability, [Special Issue], Journal
of Social Behavior and Personality, 1994, Vol 9, No. 5.
ƒ “Beyond Culture” Edward T. Hall, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1981
1/10/2006
45
• today we’ve discovered and explored a part of ourselves.
Our beautiful identity as Mexicans, Puerto Ricans,
Dominicans, Cubans, South and Central Americans and
European Americans.
ƒ
ƒ
1/10/2006
Housekeeping and Announcements
“Go West” Speaking Tour
46
Contact Information
ƒ Please fill out Evaluation Shee
ƒ “Go West” Speaking Tour
Cruz
William
nsulting
TCB Co6
– In California and Texas the weeks
of:
61
uz.us
P.O. Box NJ 07724
williamcr
wn
wcruz@
Eatonto
72
8--24
(732) 20 8
• April 17-21, 2006
• October 9-13, 2006
– Sign-up Sheet
1/10/2006
47
1/10/2006
48
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