Unit 9 Vocabulary Graphing Axes: One of two number lines used to form a coordinate grid: Coordinate: One of a set of numbers in an ordered pair that locates a point on a coordinate grid or in coordinate space. Coordinate Grid: A reference frame for locating points in a plane by means of ordered pairs of numbers. A rectangular coordinate grid is formed by two number lines that intersect at right angles at the zero points. Horizontal Axis: The axis in a coordinate plane that runs from right to left or horizontal. Origin: The zero point in a coordinate system. On a number line, the origin is the point at 0. On a coordinate grid the origin is the point (0,0) where the two axes intersect. Vertical Axis: The axis in a coordinate plane that runs from top to bottom or vertical. Ordered Number Pair: Two numbers, or coordinates, used to locate a point on a rectangular coordinate grid. The first coordinate x gives the position along the horizontal axis of the grid, and the second coordinate y gives the position along he vertical axis of the grid. Longitude: A degree measure locating a place on Earth east or west of the prime meridian. A place at 00 longitude is on the prime meridian. Longitude lines run north and south and measure east and west of the prime meridian. Latitude: A degree measure locating a place on the Earth north or south of the equator. A location of 00 latitude is on the equator. Latitude lines run from eat to west and measure north and south of the equator. Measurement Solid Figures Terms Capacity: The amount of space occupied by a 3 dimensional figure. Same as volume. The amount a container can hold. Capacity is often measured in units such as quarts, gallons, cups or liters. Base: The side of a figure to which an altitude is drawn. Face: A flat surface on a 3 dimensional shape. Some special faces are called bases. More generally, any 2 dimensional surface on a 3 dimensional shape. Cubic Centimeter: A metric unit of volume or capacity equal to the volume of a cube with 1-­‐cm edges. 1 cm3 = 1 milliliter (mL). Cubic Unit: A unit such as cubic centimeters, cubic inches, cubic feet, and cubic meters used to measure volume or capacity. Cup: A U.S. customary unit of volume or capacity equal to 8 fluid ounces or ½ pint. Liter: A metric unit of volume or capacity equal to the volume of a cube with 10-­‐cm long edges. 1 L = 1,000 mL = 1,000 cm3. A liter is a little larger than a quart. Height: The same as the altitude. Altitude: a) The perpendicular distance from the vertex of a figure to the side opposite the vertex. b) The line through the vertex of a figure perpendicular to the base. Area: The amount of surface inside a 2 dimensional figure commonly measured in square units (square miles, square inches, square centimeters for example). Associative Property of Multiplication: A property of multiplication that says that when you multiply three or more numbers, it does not matter which two you multiply first. Millimeter: One one-­‐thousandths of a meter. Quart: A U.S. customary unit of volume or capacity equal to 32 fluid ounces, 2 pints, or 4 cups. Volume: The amount a container can hold. Measured in cubic units. Rectangle Method: A strategy for finding the area of a polygon in which one or more rectangles are drawn around all or parts of the polygon through its vertices. The sides of the drawn rectangle(s) together with the sides of the original figure, define regions that are either rectangles or triangular regions to get the area of the original polygon. Prism: A solid having bases or ends that are parallel, congruent polygons and sides that are parallelograms or rectangles. Height of a Rectangular Prism: The length of the shortest line segment from a base of a prism to the plane containing the opposite base. The height is perpendicular to the bases. Rectangular Prism: A prism with rectangular bases. The four faces that are not bases are either rectangles or parallelograms. Perpendicular: Two lines or two planes that intersect at right angles. Reflection: A transformation in which the image of a figure is a mirror image of the figure over a line of reflection. Informally called a flip. Square Units: A unit to measure area. For example, a square inch is the area of a square with 1-­‐inch sides. Square units are labeled as the length unit squared (1 cm2). Formula: A formula is usually an equation with quantities represented by letter variables. For example, the area of a rectangle is found by using the formula A (area) = b (base) x h (height). Opposite of a Number: A number that is the same distance from 0 on a number line as n, but on the opposite side of 0. -­‐4 and 4 are opposite numbers. Translation: A transformation in which every point in the image of a figure is moved the exact same distance in the same direction from its corresponding point in the original figure. Informally called a slide. Variable: A letter or other symbol that represents a number.