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Gymnázium, Brno, Slovanské náměstí 7
III/2 – Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky prostřednictvím ICT
Inovace výuky na GSN prostřednictvím ICT
CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0940
Mgr. Rudolf Dostálek
Od osvícení po vládu teroru (světová a česká historie 18. století)
GFR: French Republic
VY_32_INOVACE_DE.2.19
14.10.2013
Žáci středních škol
National Convention, Girondines, Jacobines, reign of terror, Cult
of Supreme Being
Tato prezentace slouží k výkladu učiva tématu: VFR: Francouzská
republika (v anglickém jazyce)
GFR: FRENCH REPUBLIC
1792-1794
FRENCH REPUBLIC
• established on 22nd September 1792
• after the monarchy had been abolished
• National Convention was strengthened by the
victorious battle of ………….2 days before
• Main aim of the Convention: work out a new
REPUBLICAN constitution
NATIONAL CONVENTION
• its composition:
• the Girondines (the most powerful party)
represented the majority of departments
• the Jacobines and the Cordeliers (became
significantly infuential) represented radical
and revolutionary Paris
• the Mud: indecisive deputies, voting with the
presently stronger part of the Convention
TRIAL WITH THE KING
• accused of high-treason by the radicals in the
Convention
• put to trial
• sentenced to death
• executed on 21st January 1793
TRIAL WITH THE QUEEN
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
followed soon after the King´s execution
accused of:
plotting against French state and people
financing foreign invading armies
organising orgies
sexual abusing of her own son
found guilty and sentenced to the death
penalty
• guillotined on 16th October 1793
FATE OF ROYAL CHILDREN
• after his parents´ executions Louis XVII was
placed into the family of Simon the cobbler to
be re-educated
• when his health got worse he is moved back
to the Temple where he died in 1795 at the
age of 10
• his sister Maria Therese de Bourbon is the
only surviving child
FOREIGN REACTION
•
•
•
•
Alliance against France is strengthened by
Spain
Holland
Great Britain
INTERNAL REACTION
• Royalist uprising in Vendée
• rebellions in other regions (Lyon, Toulon)
PARISIAN REACTION
• effort to suppress the uprisings by all means
(often extremely brutal)
• revolutionary tribunals or commissioners
sentenced only to the capital punishment or
banishment
DISAGREEMENT IN CONVENTION
• the Girondines stood up for economic liberty
and private property
• the Jacobines called for taxing of the rich and
fixed prices of the basic foodstuffs
SOLUTION
• on 2nd June 1793 the National Convention
was surrounded by soldiers of National Guards
• stimulated by the Jacobines
• More than 20 most famous Girondines were
arrested
• later sentenced to death and executed
NEW REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION
• all the powers belonged to the National
Convention and the Committee of Public
Safety
• gave the right for labour
• education free of charge
REIGN OF TERROR
• on 13th July 1793 a Girondine Charlotte
Corday assassinated Marat in his bathtub
• pretext for the eruption of revolutionary
violence
• systematical liquidation of real or supposed
opponents (aristocracy, clergymen, the
Girondines)
REIGN OF TERROR
• Dictatorship of the Committee of Public Safety
leading by Maxmilliene Robespierre and other
20 000 Committees of General Security
around the whole country
DEALING WITH COMPETITORS
• Robespierre eliminated his competitors in the
Convention
• the Cordeliers
• the Hebértists – Zběsilí
• Both clubs were eliminated
• members arrested and executed
NEW CONVENTION MEASUREMENTS
• general military service
• limited prices of foodstuff
• limited lowest level of salaries
CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING
• attempt to erase Christianity
• the Cult should have replaced it
• implementation of the new revolutionary
calendar (different names for months, days)
• began on the day of the Declaration of the
Republic
• it led to subsequent riots and uprisings of
country people
CONSPIRACY IN CONVENTION
• any deputy was threatened by the Reign of
Terror and Robespierre´s suspiciousness
• - to prevent more losses of their own the plot
against Robespierre and the Jacobines was
organised
9TH THERMIDOR
•
•
•
•
•
27th July 1794
his opponents organised his arresting
quick trial
Robespierre sentenced to death
on the following day he was executed
together with his mates (28th July 1794)
END OF TERROR
• The death of the Incorruptible meant the end
of the Reign of Terror….
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