Arthropod Management Tests 2011, Vol. 36
doi: 10.4182/amt.2011.C23
C23
STRAWBERRY: Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne, ‘Treasure’
CONTROL OF SAP BEETLES IN STRAWBERRY WITH NOVALURON AND BIFENTHRIN, 2010
James F. Price
University of Florida-IFAS
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center
14625 CR 672
Wimauma, FL 33598
Phone: (813) 633-4123
Fax: (813) 634-0001
Email: [email protected]
Curtis A. Nagle
Email: [email protected]
Sap beetle: Lobiopa insularis (Castlenau)
Sap beetle: Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson)
Sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) plague strawberry farmers for up to 2 months during the later part of the fruiting period in
Florida. The efficacy of various rates and schedules of novaluron (Rimon), alone and combined with bifenthrin (Brigade), were
evaluated for control of sap beetle adults and larvae in late season strawberry at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center,
Wimauma, Fla. in Mar-Apr, 2010. Transplants were set on 12 Oct 2009 in plastic mulched beds, spaced at 4 ft., 13 inches high and 27
inches wide. Overhead irrigation was applied to aid in establishment. Drip irrigation was used for the remainder of the experiment.
Plots of ‘Treasure’ were not harvested after 5 Feb in order to enhance sap beetle presence. Each plot consisted of 20 plants in two tenplant rows per bed. Treatments and a nontreated check were replicated four times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied using a
hand-held sprayer with a spray wand outfitted with a nozzle containing a 45-degree core and a number four disc. The sprayer was
powered by CO2, pressurized to 40 psi, and calibrated to deliver 100 gal per acre. All treatments were applied initially on 3 Mar and
all but one was re-applied twice at a 2 wk interval (Table 1). Pre-treatment samples were taken on 1 Mar. Sap beetles were sampled
by inspecting the plants and surrounding plastic for 5 min then reporting observations to a recording assistant. Data were recorded as
adults of Lobiopa insularis or Haptoncus luteolus, or as nitidulid larvae, without distinction of species, observed within a 5 min
session per plot. Data were transformed using √(x+0.5) prior to ANOVA and means were separated by Fisher’s Protected LSD
(P≤0.05). Non-transformed means were reported.
Adult L. insularis densities ranged between 0 and 1 per 5 min among all plots prior to and 6 days after initial application of treatments
(1 and 9 Mar) (Table 2). Densities of adult L. insularis remained low overall for the next 6 wks (15 Mar-20 Apr) and reached a
maximum of 3.25 per 5 min in the non-treated plots on 20 Apr. There were no significant differences in densities of adult L. insularis
among any of the chemically treated or non-treated plots on any sample date. Least average seasonal densities of these adults occurred
either among plots whose treatment program included Brigade or plots where Rimon was applied weekly (Table 2). Adult H. luteolus
densities were also low throughout the experiment (Table 3). No differences in H. luteolus densities occurred among any chemical
treatments or non-treated checks on any sample date except on 15 Mar. At that time least densities occurred among plots whose
treatment program included Brigade; densities among plots treated with Rimon only were not different from those in the non-treated
checks (Table 3). Least average seasonal densities occurred among plots of any chemical treatment except those treated weekly with
Rimon at the lower rate. No sap beetle larvae were found prior to application of treatments and on 15 and 24 Mar (Table 4). On 7 and
13 Apr least nitidulid larval densities occurred among plots whose treatment program included Rimon regardless of application
interval, rate, or pesticide partner. The same was true of the average seasonal densities of larvae. No phytotoxicity symptoms were
found.
TABLE 1.
Treatment/
a
Formulation
Nontreated
Brigade 10% WSB
Brigade 10% WSB
+ Rimon 0.83EC
Rimon 0.83EC
Rimon 0.83EC
a
Rate
amt/acre
-1.5 lb.
1.5 lb.
6 fl. oz.
6 fl. oz.
12 fl. oz.
Date of treatment application
Application
Interval
3 Mar 11 Mar 18 Mar 24 Mar 31 Mar 7 Apr
-2-wk
X
2-wk
1-wk
2-wk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
A ‘+’ sign indicates the products were combined.
1
X
X
X
X
Arthropod Management Tests 2011, Vol. 36
doi: 10.4182/amt.2011.C23
TABLE 2.
No. adult Lobiopa insularis/5 min observation
Treatment/
Rate
Application
a
1 Mar
Formulation amt/acre interval
Non-treated
-Brigade 10% WSB
1.5 lb.
Brigade 10% WSB
1.5 lb.
+ Rimon 0.83EC 6 fl. oz.
Rimon 0.83EC
(applied six times) 6 fl. oz.
Rimon 0.83EC
12 fl. oz.
9 Mar
15 Mar
24 Mar 31 Mar
7 Apr
13 Apr 20 Apr Average
b
-2-wk
0.75a
0.75a
0.75a
0.00a
2.25a
1.25a
1.00a
0.25a
0.75a
0.75a
1.25a
0.25a
0.50a
0.50a
3.25a
0.75a
1.39a
0.54bc
2-wk
1.00a
0.25a
0.25a
0.00a
0.25a
0.25a
0.25a
0.25a
0.21c
1-wk
2-wk
0.00a
1.00a
0.25a
0.00a
0.75a
1.75a
0.50a
0.50a
0.50a
1.75a
0.75a
0.75a
0.00a
0.75a
1.25a
0.75a
0.57bc
0.89ab
1.29
0.3289
1.30
0.3261
0.67
0.6268
0.71
0.5983
2.12
0.1415
0.64
0.6445
1.15
0.3791
2.41
0.1068
4.31
0.0217
F4,12
P-value
Data were transformed √(x+0.5) prior to ANOVA; non-transformed means are reported. Means within a column followed by
the same letter are not significantly different by Fisher’s Protected LSD (P≤0.05).
a
All treatments were applied three times except where noted; a ‘+’ sign indicates the products were combined.
b
Data are the average of all sample dates not including the pre-treatment data of 1 Mar.
TABLE 3.
No. adult Haptoncus luteolus /5 min observation
Treatment/
Rate
a
Formulation amt/acre
Application
interval
1 Mar
Non-treated
-Brigade 10% WSB
1.5 lb.
Brigade 10% WSB
1.5 lb.
+ Rimon 0.83EC 6 fl. oz.
Rimon 0.83EC
(applied six times) 6 fl. oz.
Rimon 0.83EC
12 fl. oz.
9 Mar
15 Mar 24 Mar 31 Mar
7 Apr
13 Apr
20 Apr Average
b
-2-wk
0.00a
0.00a
1.50a
0.00a
2.25a
0.00b
0.50a
0.00a
0.25a
0.00a
0.25a
1.25a
0.75a
0.00a
2.25a
0.50a
1.11a
0.25b
2-wk
0.75a
0.00a
0.00b
0.00a
0.00a
0.00a
0.75a
1.00a
0.25b
1-wk
2-wk
0.00a
0.50a
1.25a
0.75a
1.25a
1.25a
0.50a
0.00a
0.50a
0.50a
0.25a
0.25a
0.75a
0.00a
0.75a
2.00a
0.75a
0.68ab
0.70
0.6045
1.02
0.4346
6.86
1.43
0.68
1.20
0.0041 0.2846 0.6197 0.3602
0.94
0.4759
2.41
0.1066
4.90
0.0142
F4,12
P-value
Data were transformed √(x+0.5) prior to ANOVA; non-transformed means are reported. Means within a column followed
by the same letter are not significantly different by Fisher’s Protected LSD (P≤0.05).
a
All treatments were applied three times except where noted; a ‘+’ sign indicates the products were combined.
b
Data are the average of all sample dates not including the pre-treatment data of 1 Mar.
TABLE 4.
No. nitidulid larvae/5 min observation
Treatment/
Rate
a
Formulation amt/acre
Application
interval
1 Mar
Non-treated
-Brigade 10% WSB
1.5 lb.
Brigade 10% WSB
1.5 lb.
+ Rimon 0.83EC 6 fl. oz.
Rimon 0.83EC
(applied six times) 6 fl. oz.
Rimon 0.83EC
12 fl. oz.
F4,12
P-value
9 Mar
15 Mar 24 Mar 31 Mar
7 Apr
13 Apr
20 Apr Average
b
-2-wk
0.00
0.00
0.00a
0.00a
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00a 15.00a
2.75a
7.25b
8.75a
4.50a
1.50a
7.25a
3.75a
3.11a
2-wk
0.00
0.00a
0.00
0.00
0.00a
0.00c
0.00b
0.25a
0.04b
1-wk
2-wk
0.00
0.00
0.50a
0.00a
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25a
0.00a
0.00c
0.00c
0.00b
0.00b
0.00a
0.25a
0.11b
0.04b
---
1.00
0.4449
---
---
0.82
13.95
0.5359 0.0002
9.31
0.0012
2.18
12.58
0.1333 0.0003
Data were transformed √(x+0.5) prior to ANOVA; non-transformed means are reported. Means within a column followed
by the same letter are not significantly different by Fisher’s Protected LSD (P≤0.05).
a
All treatments were applied three times except where noted; a ‘+’ sign indicates the products were combined.
b
Data are the average of all sample dates not including the pre-treatment data of 1 Mar.
2