SYLLABUS
COURSE:
415 Ecological Anthropology (Theory) 3 credits
TIME:
10:30-11:45 a.m. TTh, Fall Semester 2011
PLACE:
Saunders Hall 345, University of Hawai`i @ Manoa
INSTRUCTOR:
Dr. Les Sponsel, Professor Emeritus
Director, Research Institute for Spiritual Ecology (RISE)
http://www.eiine.com/rise
OFFICE:
321 Saunders Hall, 956-3770
(TTh 1:00-3:00 p.m. by appointment)
Email: [email protected]
Homepage: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel
http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/People/Faculty/Emeritus/Sponsel/index
.html
ORIENTATION
“True security rests on a supportive and sustainable ecological base,
on spiritual as well as material well-being, on trust and reliance in
one’s neighbors, and on justice and understanding in a disarmed
world” (Frank Barnaby, ed., 1988, The Gaia Peace Atlas, New York,
NY: Doubleday, p. 212).
"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and
beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise"
(Aldo Leopold, 1949, "The Land Ethic" A Sand County Almanac,
New York: Oxford University Press, p. 262).
2
Ecological anthropology is a mature topical specialization that
crosscuts the five subfields of anthropology and has its own separate unit
within the American Anthropological Association (Anthropology and
Environment Section); four journals (Advances in Research: Environment
and Society, Human Ecology, Journal of Ecological Anthropology,
Ecological and Environmental Anthropology); six publisher’s series; several
dozen textbooks and anthologies; website (http://www.eanth.org); listserv
([email protected]); and so on. There are more than 1,500
subscribers to the listserv. This 415 class is the required core course for
undergraduate and graduate students who wish to specialize in ecological
anthropology.
Ecological anthropology explores how culture influences the dynamic
interactions between human populations and the ecosystems in their habitat
through time. This semester the course successively surveys the following
four primary approaches to the dynamics of human-environment interactions
within cultural anthropology: cultural ecology, historical ecology, political
ecology, and spiritual ecology. The secondary approaches of ethnoecology,
behavioral ecology, and postmodern ecology will be subsumed under the
primary ones and only briefly considered because of time constraints. The
applied dimension of ecological anthropology is the focus of a separate
course called 482 Environmental Anthropology. Secondary themes in 415
include Hawai`i, global climate change, and the relationships between
biological and cultural diversity.
Anth 152 (or equivalent) or consent of the instructor is the
prerequisite for this course. Basic courses in biological ecology and
environmental studies would be helpful background.
FORMAT
A diversity of venues will be used to survey each of the four main
approaches to ecological anthropology: a carefully selected video to
introduce the subject; a sequence of two PowerPoint lectures; a case study
based on the instructor’s research, mainly from the Venezuelan Amazon and
Thailand; class and group discussions, especially over the required readings;
and, finally, a guest lecture. Some discussions may be held online instead of
in a class meeting.
3
OBJECTIVES
This course aims to help you to explore and become familiar with
these six topics in particular:
1. four primary approaches in current ecological anthropology and the key
concepts and principles of each in historical perspective;
2. practical environmental problems and issues as well as environmental
discourses viewed from the perspective of these approaches;
3. the pivotal role of culture in human ecology, adaptations, maladaptations,
environmental concerns, and environmental change and in particular the
reality of ongoing global climate change;
4. how people culturally conceptualize, manipulate, transform, and
humanize their natural environments over time as well as how the niche of
the human species in general has changed through time;
5. critical ecological and anthropological thinking about the above in the
larger contexts of the development of ecology and environmentalism; and
6. key resource materials such as books, encyclopedias, periodicals,
bibliographies, videos, and websites as revealed in this syllabus, lectures,
assigned readings, and a resource guide (see Fall 2008 syllabus available in
the Department’s esyllabi or from the instructor at
http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu).
Accordingly, the learning outcomes of this course are for you to
demonstrate basic familiarity with each of the above six topics through
surprise quizzes, the final examination, and class discussions.
GRADE
Your course grade will be based on:
1. four surprise objective quizzes over class material including
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required readings (40%);
2. class attendance (10%);
3. regular, active, and meaningful participation in class and group
discussions (15%);
4. a class presentation on a panel about global climate change
reporting on one chapter in the Crate-Nuttall textbook (15%); and
5. two essays for the final take-home examination (20%).
Note that already the two questions and instructions for the final
examination are included at the end of this syllabus (pp. 64-65) so that selfdisciplined students may work on it throughout the entire semester. In order
to produce higher quality essays you should take advantage of this
opportunity, rather than procrastinate until the semester ends.
Your course work will be evaluated on the basis of these four criteria:
1. general knowledge of all required reading assignments and of all
material presented and discussed in class:
2. clear, concise, logical, analytical, and critical thinking;
3. achieving the six objectives of the course: and
4. regular, active, and meaningful participation in class discussions.
Undergraduate and graduate students will be graded separately, and a
higher quality and quantity of work is expected for the latter. Graduate
students are also expected to undertake extra readings of their choice in
pursuing their own special topical and regional interests. In addition,
graduate students will each lead subgroups of the class in discussions of the
assigned readings.
Class attendance will be taken regularly. You are expected to attend
every single class meeting throughout the entire semester, unless a
convincing written excuse is provided such as from a medical doctor. Every
three unapproved absences will result in the lowering of the final course
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grade by one letter grade. You are expected to arrive at class on time and to
remain attentive throughout the entire period (that is, no sleeping, regular
conversation, video games, emailing, reading newspapers, and the like).
Any students who wish to sleep, carry on private conversations, or use
electronic devices unrelated to the class should do so outside of the
classroom to avoid distracting other students and the instructor. Be sure to
turn off your cell phone before the class begins.
Like the instructor, you are expected to take this class very seriously.
Anyone who does not is wasting the time of other students and the
instructor. If you are not able or inclined to regularly read the assignments
and to actively participate in class discussions, then you should drop the
course instead of waiting for a low grade or failure at the end of the
semester.
Everyone is required to be open minded as well as courteous and
professional in class. Anyone can say anything as long as it is relevant,
concise, and polite. Being concise is important because the time in class is
extremely limited and everyone should have an opportunity to contribute to
the discussion, rather than one or a few persons dominating the class for an
entire semester. The ideals of freedom and democracy apply in this class,
even if they are restricted elsewhere. Ideally the university is a place to open
minds, rather than to close them.
Extra credit may be earned by writing a one-page reaction (not
summary) to a video, journal article, book chapter, lecture, or website from
any of the material covered in the syllabus or class. Five high-quality extra
credit papers can make the difference for a borderline course grade, while
ten such papers can elevate the grade to the next level. Other alternatives for
more extra credit include writing either a review of an extra book or a
research report, but in either case the specifics have to be approved by the
instructor in advance. Thus, in principle, with enough high quality work any
student can earn an A in this course.
READING
You are required to thoroughly read and critically discuss in class
each of these three textbooks:
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Anderson, E.N., 2010, The Pursuit of Ecotopia: Lessons from Indigenous
and Traditional Societies for the Human Ecology of Our Modern World,
Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger [UHM Bookstore $44.95 new/$34.20 used,
Amazon.com $44.95/$43]. http://www.krazykioti.com
Merchant, Carolyn, 2005, Radical Ecology: The Search for a Sustainable
World (Second Edition), New York, NY: Routledge (Second Edition)
[UHM Bookstore $24.95 new/$19 used, Amazon.com $27.50/$17.58].
http://ecnr.berkeley.edu/facPage/dispFP.php?I=617
Townsend, Patricia K., 2009, Environmental Anthropology: From Pigs to
Policies, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. (Second Edition)
[UHM Bookstore $13.95 new/$10.60 used, Amazon.com $13.38 new/$4.02
used].
A division of labor will be pursued in covering the following textbook
through panel discussions with each student selecting one chapter to
summarize, discuss, and criticize:
Crate, Susan A., and Mark Nuttall, eds., 2009, Anthropology and Climate
Change: From Encounters to Actions, Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Also recommended, especially for graduate students:
Brown, Lester R., 2011, World on Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and
Economic Collapse, New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Crumley, Carol L., ed., 2001, New Directions in Anthropology and
Environment: Intersections, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Dove, Michael R., and Carol Carpenter, eds., 2008, Environmental
Anthropology: A Historical Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Kopnina, Helen, and Elleanore Shoreman, eds., 2011, Environmental
Anthropology Today, New York, NY: Routledge.
Kormondy, Edward J., 1995, Concepts of Ecology, Englewood-Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall (Fourth Edition).
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Marten, Gerald G., 2003, Human Ecology: Basic Concepts for Sustainable
Development, London, UK: Earthscan Publications Ltd.
Outside online book orders will add shipping and handling charges, but used
copies may still be cheaper in many cases.
The regular three textbooks should be available in the UHM
Bookstore for anyone who may wish to purchase one or more of them.
Furthermore, the UHM Bookstore makes available purchases online:
http://www.bookstore.hawaii.edu/manoa/CourseMaterials.aspx.
Textbooks may also be available through local bookstores (e.g.,
Barnes and Noble) or an internet bookseller. Some internet booksellers are:
http://www.amazon.com
http://www.alibris.com
http://www.abebooks.com.
http://www.bestbookbuys.com
http://www.booksamillion.com
You may reduce the cost of texts by purchasing used copies, reselling
them at the end of the semester to a bookstore, and/or sharing them with
another student.
In addition, a few chapters and articles will be assigned. Numerous
other resources are recommended in the full Schedule of this syllabus and
the 415 syllabus for Fall 2008 in the esyllabi of the Department of
Anthropology at http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/ or from the
instructor. (The 2008 syllabus includes lists of books which the present
syllabus does not). Students are encouraged to occasionally read articles or
chapters, view extra videos, and explore websites recommended in the
syllabus and during classes. Other articles may be found in these periodicals:
Ecological and Environmental Anthropology (2005-)
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http://www.uga.edu/eea
Human Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Journal (1972-)
Available free online through Hamilton Library Hawai`i Voyager at:
http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu/.
Journal of Ecological Anthropology (1997-)
http://shell.cas.usf.edu/~jea/.
Many journals are available free online through the Hamilton Library
Hawai`i Voyager catalog at http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu/.
Also extremely useful are the literature survey articles in the Annual
Review of Anthropology (see the Hawai`i Voyager for print and online
versions). Especially helpful for locating periodical articles on particular
topics or regions are AnthroSource, Anthropology Index Online, and
Biological Abstracts which are available through Hawai`i Voyager. Brief
articles can be found in the Encyclopedia of Earth at http://www.eoearth.org.
Under Recommended readings in the full Schedule below are
included many of the instructor’s publications because they are the basis of
much of what he presents in lectures and discussions.
Please alert the instructor if there any problems with any of the
websites listed in this syllabus.
You should plan and read ahead to cover the material gradually in a
manageable way instead of waiting until the last moment to try to read
everything in preparation for class discussion on the day specified in the
schedule.
Students who take advantage of as many of the resources provided in
this course as feasible will obtain a systematic and thorough overview of the
subject.
If any student feels the need for reasonable accommodations because
of the impact of a disability, then they should contact the KOKUA Program
in QLCSS 013 (phones 956-7511 or 956-7612), or speak to the instructor in
private to discuss specific needs. The instructor is quite willing to
collaborate with any student and KOKUA about access needs related to a
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documented disability.
You can avoid getting lost among the trees in the forest of the full
schedule, readings, and other course materials by keeping in focus the
specific pivotal questions identified under each of the four approaches.
Before presenting the full Schedule (p. 14), here is a brief summary of the
syllabus so far, this followed by a convenient brief schedule of topics with a
list of reading assignments (p. 10).
SUMMARY
This course surveys the four primary approaches in ecological
anthropology for studying how culture influences the dynamic interactions
between humans and nature: cultural, historical, political, and spiritual
ecologies. Each of these four approaches will be pursued through a
combination of a background video; two successive overview lectures with
PowerPoint; a case study with PowerPoint or slides from the instructor’s
research; class and group discussions of assigned readings; and a guest
lecturer.
Three textbooks and a few additional selected articles and chapters are
required as reading (see the brief schedule on p. 10) while additional
resources are recommended (see the full schedule on p. 14). There will also
be a few handouts, as much as possible through email.
The final grade for the course will be based on class attendance and
participation as well as on four pop quizzes and a final take-home
examination composed of two essays (see pages 64-65).
10
SCHEDULE (BRIEF)
August 23 T INTRODUCTION Anderson – Preface; Townsend - Preface
and Chapter 1; Sponsel, L.E., 2007, “Ecological Anthropology,” in
Encyclopedia of Earth
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ecological_anthropology.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------August 25 Th Merchant - Chapter 1
*************************************************************
August 30 T CULTURAL ECOLOGY Anderson - Ch. 1, Townsend - Ch.
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 1 Th Townsend - Ch. 3-4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 6 T Anderson - Chs. 2-3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 8 Th Townsend - Ch. 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 13 T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 15 Th
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 20 T
11
*************************************************************
September 22 Th HISTORICAL ECOLOGY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 27 T Townsend - Ch. 6; Balee, William, 1998, “Historical
Ecology: Premises and Postulates,” in Advances in Historical Ecology, W.
Balee, ed., New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 13-29, at:
http://www.tulane.edu/~env_stud/HistoricalEcology.htm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------September 29 Th Sponsel, L.E., 2005, “Noble Savage and the Ecologically
Noble Savage,” Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Bron R. Taylor,
Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thommes Continuum Press 2:1210-1212.
[handout]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 4 T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 6 Th Townsend - Chs. 10-11.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 11 T
*************************************************************
October 13 Th POLITICAL ECOLOGY Merchant - Introduction
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 18T Anderson - Chs. 4, Merchant - Chs. 6-7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 20 Th Anderson - Ch. 5, Merchant - Chs. 8-9
12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 25 T Townsend - Ch. 7; Sponsel, L.E., 2006, “Yanomamo,” in
Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage Publications 5:2347-2351. [handout]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October 27 Th Anderson - Ch. 6, Merchant - Ch. 9 and Conclusion
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------November 1 T
*************************************************************
November 3 Th SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY Townsend - Ch. 9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------November 8 T Anderson - Ch. 7, Merchant - Ch. 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------November 10 Th Anderson - Ch. 8, Merchant - Chs. 2-3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------November 15 T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------November 17 Th
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------November 22 T Merchant - Ch. 4, Townsend Chs. 12-13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13
November 24 Th HOLIDAY Thanksgiving
*************************************************************
November 29 T CLIMATE CHANGE Townsend - Ch. 8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------December 1 Th
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------December 6 T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------December 8 Th Sponsel, L.E., 2010 (March), “Ecological Anthropology at
the University of Hawai`i – Manoa,” American Anthropological Association
Anthropology News 51(3):35-36. [handout]
*************************************************************
December 15 Th
FINAL EXAMINATION
*************************************************************
14
SCHEDULE (FULL)
INTRODUCTION
August 23 T Orientation
LECTURE: Ecocide or Ecosanity? Why ecological anthropology? Why
diversity?
VIDEO: Yepi (11 min.)
REQUIRED READING:
Anderson - Preface
Townsend - Preface and Chapter 1
Sponsel, L.E., 2007, “Ecological Anthropology,” in Encyclopedia of Earth
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ecological_anthropology.
RECOMMENDED:
Biodiversity Heritage Library
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/
Convention on Biodiversity
http://www.cbd.int/
Encyclopedia of Earth
http://www.eoearth.org
Encyclopedia of Life
http://www.eol.org/
Global Biodiversity Information Facility
http://www.gbif.org/
15
GloBio
http://www.globio.info
Population Reference Bureau
http://www.prb.og
NatureServe: A Network Connecting Science with Conservation
http://natureserve.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
August 25 Th
VIDEO: Paul Ehrlich on The Dominant Animal: Evolution and the
Environment (90 min.), http://dominantanimal.org/.
REQUIRED READING:
Merchant - Chapter 1
RECOMMENDED:
Ecological Footprint
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/
http://www.myfootprint.org/
Ecology and Society (formerly Conservation Ecology)
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/
The Ecologist http://www.theecologist.org/
Ehrlich, Paul, and Claire Kremen, 2001, “Human Effects on Ecosystems,”
Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Simon Asher Levin, Editor-in-Chief, San
Diego, CA: Academic Press 3:383-393.
GloBio: Modelling Human Impacts on Biodiversity
16
http://www.globio.info/
Hall, Charles, 2010, “Ecology," in Encyclopedia of Earth, Cutler J.
Cleveland, ed., Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition,
National Council for Science and the Environment
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ecology.
Human Impact on Biodiversity (2011, 10 minutes)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe-O9Hfq8hs
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
http://www.maweb.org/en/index.aspx
Society for Human Ecology
http://www.societyforhumanecology.org/
Worldwatch Institute
http://www.worldwatch.org
*************************************************************
CULTURAL ECOLOGY
August 30 T
VIDEO Ecology of Mind (VHS 6355, Part 4, 60 min.)
REQUIRED READING:
Anderson - Ch. 1
Townsend - Ch. 2
RECOMMENDED:
Anderson, Eugene 2011, Homepage http://www.krazykioti.com.
Barth, Fredrik, 1956, “Ecological Relationships of Ethnic Groups in Swat,
17
North Pakistan,” American Anthropologist 58:1079-1089.
Bates, Marston, 1953, “Human Ecology,” in Anthropology Today, Alfred L.
Kroeber, ed., Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 700-713.
Burton, Michael L., et al., 1986, “Natural Resource Anthropology,” Human
Organization 45(3):261-269.
Carneiro, Robert L., 1960, “Slash-and-Burn Agriculture: A Closer Look at
its Implications for Settlement Patterns,” in Men and Cultures: Selected
Papers of the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and
Ethnological Sciences Anthony F.C. Wallace, ed., Philadelphia, PA:
University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 229-234.
Foin, Theodore C., and William G. Davis, 1987, “Equilibrium and
Nonequilibrium Models in Ecological Anthropology: An Evaluation of
“Stability” in Maring Ecosystems in New Guinea,” American Anthropologist
89(1):9-30.
Geertz, Clifford, 1972, “The Wet and the Dry: Traditional Irrigation in Bali
and Morocco,” Human Ecology 1(1):23-39.
Hawkes, Kristen, Kim Hill, and James F. O’Connell, 1982, “Why Hunters
Gather: Optimal Foraging and the Ache of Eastern Paraguay,” American
Ethnologist 9(2):379-398.
Helm, June, 1962, “The Ecological Approach in Anthropology,” American
Journal of Sociology 67:630-639.
Herve, Fritz, et al., 2003, “The effects of agricultural fields and human
settlements on the use of rivers by wildlife in the Mid-Zambezi valley,
Zimbabwe,” Landscape Ecology 18(3):293-302.
Human Ecology, "Swidden Cultivation in Southeast Asia," Human Ecology
2009 (June) 37(3):259-388 [special topical issue].
Isom, John, 2009, “Tibet's nomadic pastoralists: tradition, transformation
and prospects,” Indigenous affairs 3-4:6-13.
18
Kealhofer, Lisa, 2002, “Changing Perceptions of Risk: The Development of
Agro-Ecosystems in Southeast Asia,” American Anthropologist 104(1):178194.
Lee, Richard B., 1969, “!Kung Bushman Subsistence: An Input-Output
Analysis,” in Environment and Cultural Behavior: Ecological Studies in
Cultural Anthropology, Andrew P. Vayda, ed., Austin, TX: University of
Texas Press, pp. 47-79.
Mann, R. S., 2000, “Environment, ecology and culture paradigms: case of
Ladakhi tribe,” Journal of human ecology 11(4):235-243.
Mbile, P. , 2006, “Rural livelihoods: conservation, management and use of
plant biodiversity in west and central Africa,” Biodiversity (Ottawa) 7(34):17-26.
Netting, Robert M., 1990, “Links and Boundaries: Reconsidering the Alpine
Village as Ecosystem,” in The Ecosystem Approach in Anthropology: From
Concept to Practice, Emilio F. Moran, ed., Ann Arbor, MI: University of
Michigan Press, pp. 229-245.
_____, 1996, “Cultural Ecology,” in Encyclopedia of Cultural
Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds., New York, NY:
Henry Holt and Co. 1:267-271.
Orlove, Benjamin, 1980, “Ecological Anthropology,” Annual Review of
Anthropology 9:235-273.
Rappaport, Roy A., 1977, “Ecology, Adaptation, and the Ills of
Functionalism,” in his Ecology, Meaning, and Religion, Richmond, CA:
North Atlantic Books, pp. 43-95.
Robichaud, William G., et al., 2009, “Stable Forest Cover under Increasing
Populations of Swidden Cultivators in Central Laos: the Roles of Intrinsic
Culture and Extrinsic Wildlife Trade,” Ecology and Society 14(1):33.
Sponsel, L.E., 1987, “Cultural Ecology and Environmental Education,”
Journal of Environmental Education 19(1):31-42.
Steward, Julian H., 1955, “The Concept and Method of Cultural Ecology,”
19
in his Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear
Evolution, Chicago, L: University of Illinois Press, pp. 30-42.
_____, 1968, “Cultural Ecology,” International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences, David Sills, ed., New York, NY: Macmillan 4:337-344.
Turner, Nancy J., Iain J. Davidson-Hunt, and Michael O'Flaherty, 2003,
“Living on the Edge: Ecological and Cultural Edges as Sources of Diversity
for Social-Ecological Resilience,” Human Ecology 31(3):439-461.
Vayda, Andrew P., and Roy A. Rappaport, 1968, “Ecology, Cultural and
Non-cultural,” in Introduction to Cultural Anthropology: Essays in the
Scope and Methods of the Science of Man, James A. Clifton, ed., Boston,
MA: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 477-497.
Winterhalder, Bruce, Robert Larsen, and R. Brooke Thomas, 1974, “Dung
as an Essential Resource in a Highland Peruvian Community,” Human
Ecology 2(2):89-104.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 1 Th
LECTURE: How can humans be both a part of and apart from nature?
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Ch. 3-4
RECOMMENDED:
American Anthropological Association, 2006, “Anthropology: Real People,
Real Careers” (DVD 42 min.)
Kottak, Conrad P., 1999, “The New Ecological Anthropology,” American
Anthropologist 101(1):23-35.
20
Little, Paul E., 1999, “Environments and Environmentalisms in
Anthropological Research: Facing a New Millennium,” Annual Review of
Anthropology 28:253-284.
Winterhalder, Bruce, 2000, “Analyzing adaptive strategies: human
behavioral ecology at twenty-five,” Evolutionary anthropology 9(2):51-72.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 6 T
LECTURE continued: Is a materialist approach more valid and useful
than a mentalist one to understand human ecology?
REQUIRED READING:
Anderson - Chs. 2-3
RECOMMENDED:
Agrawal, Arun, 1995, “Dismantling the Divide between Indigenous and
Scientific Knowledge,” Development and Change 26:413-439.
Cocks, Michelle, 2006, “Biocultural Diversity: Moving Beyond the Realm
of `Indigenous’ and `local’ People,” Human Ecology 34(2):185-200.
Conklin, Harold C., 1961, “The Study of Shifting Cultivation,” Current
Anthropology 2(1):27-91.
_____, 1998, “Language, Culture, and Environment: My Early Years,”
Annual Review of Anthropology 27:xiii-xxx.
DeWalt, Billie R., 1994, “Using Indigenous Knowledge to Improve
Agriculture and Natural Resource Management,” Human Organization
53(2):123-131.
21
Frake, Charles O., 1962, “Cultural Ecology and Ethnography,” American
Anthropologist 64(1):53-59.
Harris, Marvin, 1976, “History and Significance of the Emic/Etic
Distinction,” Annual Review of Anthropology 5:329-350.
Hunn, Eugene, 1989, “Ethnoecology: The Relevance of Cognitive
Anthropology for Human Ecology,” in The Relevance of Culture, Morris
Freilich, ed., New York, NY: Bergin and Garvey, pp. 145-160.
_____, 2007, “Ethnobiology in Four Phases,” Journal of Ethnobiology
27(1):1-10.
Johnson, Leslie Main, 2000, “'A place that's good': Gitksan landscape
perception and ethnoecology,” Human ecology 28(2):301-25.
Lauer, Matthew, and Shankar Aswani, 2009, “Indigenous ecological
knowledge as situated practices: understanding fishers' knowledge in the
western Solomon Islands,” American Anthropologist 111(3):317-329.
Maffi, Luisa, 2005, “Linguistic, Cultural, and Biological Diversity,” Annual
Review of Anthropology 34:599-617.
Nabhan, Gary, et al., 1982, “Papago Influences on Habitat and Biotic
Diversity: Quitovac Oasis Ethnoeoclogy,” Journal of Ethnoecology
2(2):124-143.
Posey, Darrell Addison, 2002, “Ethnobiology,” in Encyclopedia of Global
Change: Environmental Change and Human Society, Andrew S. Goudie,
Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Oxford University Press 1:401-403.
Sapir, Edward, 1912, “Language and Environment,” American
Anhropologist n.s. 14:226-242.
Sekhar, Nagothu Udaya, 2003, “Local people's attitudes towards
conservation and wildlife tourism around Sariska Tiger Reserve, India,”
Journal of Environmental Management 69(4):339-347.
Silltoe, Paul, 2006, “Ethnobiology and Applied Anthropology:
Rapprochement of the Academic with the Practical,” Journal of the Royal
22
Anthropological Institute 12(supplement 1):119-142.
Davis, Wade, 2007, “Endangered Cultures” (22 min.)
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/wade_davis_on_endangered_cultures.ht
ml
Terra Lingua
http://www.terralingua.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 8 Th
CASE STUDY:
VIDEO: Amazon: Land of the Flooded Forest (VHS 8765, 50 min
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Ch. 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 13 T
CASE SUDY continued: The Acid Test: Curripaco Subsistence
Adaptations to an Oligotrophic Ecosystem in the Upper Rio Negro,
Amazonas, Venezuela
RECOMMENDED:
Bailey, Robert C., 1989, “Hunters and Gatherers in Tropical Rain Forests: Is
It Possible?,” American Anthropologist 91(1):59-82.
23
Goulding, Michael, 1993, "Flooded Forests of the Amazon," Scientific
American 266(3):114-120.
Gross, Daniel R., 1975, “Protein Capture and Cultural Development in the
Amazon Basin,” American Anthropologist 77:526-549.
Heckeberger, Michael, and Eduardo Goes_Neves, 2009, “Amazonian
archaeology,” Annual review of anthropology 38:251-266.
McKey, Doyle B., 1996, “Wild Yam Question,” in Encyclopedia of Cultural
Anthroology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds., New York, NY:
Henry Holt, pp. 1363-1366.
_____, 2010, “Pre-Columbian agricultural landscapes, ecosystem engineers,
and self-organized patchiness in Amazonia,” Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(17):7823-7828.
Meggers, Betty J., 1954, “Environmental Limitations on the Development of
Culture,” American Anthropologist 56:801-823.
Moran, Emilio F., 1991, "Human Adaptive Strategies in Amazonian
Blackwater Ecosystems," American Anthropologist 93:361-382.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 1976, "Cosmologies as Ecological Analysis: A
View from the Rainforest," Man 11(3):307-318.
Ross, Eric B., 1978, “Food Taboos, Diet, and Hunting Strategy: The
Adaptation to Animals in Amazon Cultural Ecology,” Current Anthropology
19(1):1-36.
Sponsel, L.E., 1986, “Amazon Ecology and Adaptation,” Annual Review of
Anthropology 15:67-97.
_____, 1989, “Farming and Foraging: A Necessary Complementarity in
Amazonia?,” in Farmers as Hunters:The Implications of Sedentism, Susan
Kent, ed., New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37-45.
_____, 2008, “Environment and Nature in the Amazon,” Encyclopedia of the
History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures,
Helaine Selin, ed., New York, NY: Springer-Verlag 1:757-762.
24
_____, and Paula Loya, 1993, “`Rivers of Hunger?’ Indigenous Resource
Management in the Oligotrophic Ecosystems of the Rio Negro, Amazonas,
Venezuela,” in Tropical Forests, People and Food: Biocultural Interactions
and Applications, C.M. Hladik, et al., eds., Paris, France:
UNESCO/Parthenon Publication Group (UNESCO/MAB Series Volume
15), pp. 435-446.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 15 Th
DISCUSSION
RECOMMENDED:
To Find the Baruya Story [Maurice Godelier fieldwork in PNG] (VHS 1677
59 minutes)
Zhong, Gongfu, 1982, “The Mulberry-Dike-Fish Pond Complex,” Human
Ecology 10(2):191-202.
Institute for Cultural Ecology (David Adams)
http://www.cultural-ecology.com
School for Field Studies
http://www.fieldstudies.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 20 T
GUEST: Dr. Gerald Marten, Adjunct Senior Fellow, East-West Center
http://www.eastwestcenter.org/aboutewc/directory/?class_call=view&staff_ID=938
25
RECOMMENDED:
Marten, Gerald, 2007, “Ecotipping Points” (20 min.),
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5378176064927524890#.
_____, 2011, “Ecotipping Points,” http://www.ecotippingpoints.org/.
*************************************************************
HISTORICAL ECOLOGY
September 22 Th
VIDEO: Maoli No: Truly Native [Hawai`i] (DVD 2834, 80 min.)
RECOMMENDED:
Allen, Melinda S., 2010, “Oscillating climate and socio-political process: the
case of the Marquesan chiefdom, Polynesia,” Antiquity 84:323 pp 86-102.
Aswani, Shankar, and Melinda S. Allen, 2009, “A Marquesan coral reef
(French Polynesia) in historical context: an integrated socio-ecological
approach,” Aquatic Conservation 19(6): 614-625.
Burney David A., and William Ki Pila Kikuchi, 2006, “A Millennium of
Human Activity at Makauwahi Cave, Maha`ulepu, Kaua`i,” Human Ecology
34(2):219-247.
Fitzpatrick, Scott M., and William F. Kleegan, 2007, “Human impacts and
adaptations in the Caribbean Islands: an historical ecology approach,”
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of
Edinburgh 98(Part 1):29-45.
Hong, Sun-Kee, 2010, “Island ecology on biological-cultural diversities and
human adaptation in seascapes,” Journal of Ecology and Field Biology
33(2):115-120.
26
Kirch, Patrick V., 1980, “Polynesian Prehistory: Cultural Adaptations in
Island Ecosystems,” American Scientist 68:39-48.
_____, 1997, “Microcosmic Histories: Island Perspectives on `Global’
Change,” American Anthropologist 99(1):30-42.
_____, 2007 (March), “Hawaii as a Model for Human Ecodynamics,”
American Anthropologist 109(1):8-26.
_____, 2010, “People of the Pacific: A Holistic Anthropological
Perspective,” Annual Review of Anthropology 39:131-148.
Klee, Gary A., 1980, “Oceania,” in World Systems of Traditional Resource
Management, Gary A. Klee, ed., New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp.
245-281.
Meilleur, Brian A., 1996, “Forests and Polynesian Adaptations,” in Tropical
Deforestation: The Human Dimension, Leslie E. Sponsel, Thomas N.
Headland, and Robert C. Bailey, eds., New York, NY: Columbia University
Press, pp. 76-94.
Sponsel, L.E., 2001, “Is Indigenous Spiritual Ecology a New Fad?
Reflections from the Historical and Spiritual Ecology of Hawai`i,” in
Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and
Community, John Grim, ed., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp.
159-174.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 27 T
[FOLLOW-UP: Marten]
LECTURE: Is human nature anti-nature?
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Ch. 6
27
Balee, William, 1998, “Historical Ecology: Premises and Postulates,” in
Advances in Historical Ecology, W. Balee, ed., New York: Columbia
University Press, pp. 13-29, at:
http://www.tulane.edu/~env_stud/HistoricalEcology.htm
RECOMMENDED:
Austin, Amy T., 2004, “The Human Footprint in Ecology: Past, Present and
Future,” New Phytologist 164(3):419-422.
Balee, William, 2006, “The research program of historical ecology,” Annual
review of Anthropology 35:75-98.
Crutzen, P., 2002, “Geology of Mankind,” Nature 415(6867):23.
The Economist, 2011 (May 28), “Anthropocene: A Man-Made World,”
399(8735):11, 81-83.
http://www.economist.com/node/18741749?story_id=18741749
Ellis, Erle, and Navin Ramankutty, 2009, “Anthropogenic Biomes,” in
Encyclopedia of Earth
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Anthropogenic_biomes
Environmental History http://www.environmentalhistory.net/
Figueroa-Rangel, Blanca L., et al., 2008, “4200 Years of Pine-Dominated
Upland Forest Dynamics in West-Central Mexico: Human or Natural
Legacy?,” Ecology 89(7):1893-1907.
Global Community, 2000, A Walk Through Time
http://www.globalcommunity.org/wtt/walk_menu/index.html.
Haberle, Simon G., 2007, “Prehistoric human impact on rainforest
biodiversity in highland New Guinea,” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 362(1478): 219-228.
Haberle, Simon G., et al., 2006, “The impact of European occupation on
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem dynamics in an Australian tropical rain
28
forest,” Journal of Ecology 94(5):987-1002.
Hackenberg, Robert A., 1974, “Ecosystemic Channeling: Cultural Ecology
from the Viewpoint of Aerial Photography,” in Aerial Photography in
Anthropological Field Research, Evon Z. Vogt, ed., Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, pp. 28-39.
Headland, Thomas N., et al., 1997 (August/October), “Revisionism in
Ecological Anthropology,” Current Anthropology 38(4):605-630.
Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach, 1995, “False Forest History, Complicit
Social Analysis: Rethinking Some West African Environmental Narratives,”
World Development 23(6):1023-1035.
Leu, Matthias, 2008, “The Human Footprint in the West: A Large-Scale
Analysis of Anthropogenic Impacts,” Ecological Applications 18(5):11191139.
Lu, Flora, 2007, “Integration into the market among indigenous peoples - A
cross-cultural perspective from the Ecuadorian Amazon,” Current
Anthropology 48(4):593-602.
Merchant, Carolyn, 2011, Homepage
http://ecnr.berkeley.edu/facPage/dispFP.php?I=617
Parker, Eugene, 1992, “Forest Islands and Kayapo Resource Management in
Amazonia : A Reappraisal of the Apete,” American Anthropologist
94(2):406-428.
Posey, Darrell A., 1985, “Indigenous Management of Tropical Forest
Ecosystems : The Case of the Kayapo Indians of the Brazilian Amazon,”
Agroforestry Systems 3:139-158.
Ross, Nanci J., 2011, “Modern tree species composition reflects ancient
Maya "forest gardens" in northwest Belize,” Ecological Applications
21(1):75-84.
Solway, Jacqueline S., and Richard B. Lee, 1990, “Foragers, Genuine or
Spurious?: Situating the Kalahari San in History,” Current Anthropology
31(2):109-146.
29
Sponsel, L.E., 2001, “Human Impact on Biodiversity, Overview,”
Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Simon Asher Levin, Editor-in-Chief, San
Diego, CA: Academic Press 3:395-409.
Worster, Donald, 1990, “The Ecology of Order and Chaos,” Environmental
History Review 14(1/2):1-18.
American Society for Environmental History
http://aseh.net/
The Ecological Footprint (DVD 4723, 30 min.)
Human Footprint (DVD 7889, 90 min.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 29 Th
LECTURE continued: Can historical analyses be detrimental to
indigenous rights?
REQUIRED READING:
Sponsel, L.E., 2005, “Noble Savage and the Ecologically Noble Savage,”
Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Bron R. Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New
York, NY: Thommes Continuum Press 2:1210-1212. [handout]
RECOMMENDED:
Alvard, Michael S., 1993, "Testing the `Ecologically Noble Savage'
Hypothesis: Interspecific Prey Choice by Piro Hunters of Amazonian Peru,"
Human Ecology 21:355-387.
Bird, R. Bliege, et al., 2008, “Fire Stick Farming" Hypothesis: Australian
Aboriginal Foraging Strategies, Biodiversity, and Anthropogenic Fire
30
Mosaics,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America 105(39):14796-14801.
Booth, Annie L., 2003, “We Are The Land: Native American Views of
Nature,” in Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in
Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, ed., Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic
Publishers, pp. 329-349.
Buege, Douglas J., 1996, "The Ecological Noble Savage Revisited,"
Environmental Ethics 18(1):71-88.
Day, Gordon, 1953, “The Indian as an Ecological Factor in the Northeastern
Forest,” Ecology 34:329-346.
Deloria, Vine, Jr., 2000, “The Speculations of Kretch: A review article of
Krech, Shepard The Ecological Indian W.W. Norton and Company 1999,”
Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 4(3):283-293.
Denevan, W.M., 1996, "Pristine Myth," in Encyclopedia of Cultural
Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds., New York, NY:
Henry Holt and Co. 3:1034-1036.
Denevan, William M., 1992, "The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the
Americas in 1492," Annals of the Association of American Geographers
82(3):369-385.
Diamond, Jared, 1992, "The Golden Age That Never Was," in his The Third
Chimpanzee, New York, NY: Harper-Collins Publishers, pp. 317-338, 386388.
_____, 1986 (November 6), "The Environmentalist Myth," Nature 324:1920.
Dietz, Thomas, Eugene A. Rosa, and Richard York, 2007, “Driving the
Human Ecological Footprint,” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
5(1):13-18.
Grande, Sandy Marie Anglas, 1999, "Beyond the Ecologically Noble
Savage: Deconstructing the White Man's Indian," Environmental Ethics
21(3):307-320.
31
Grinde, Donald A., and Bruce E. Johansen, 1995, “Native Americans:
America’s First Ecologists?,” in their Ecocide of Native America:
Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples, Santa Fe, NM:
Clear Light Publishers, pp. 22-55.
Hagan, William T., 1980, "Justifying Dispossession of the Indian: The Land
Utilization Agrument," in American Indian Environments: Ecological Issues
in Native American History, Christopher Vecsey and Robert W. Venables,
eds., Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, pp. 65-80.
Hames, Raymond, 2007, “The Ecologically Noble Savage Debate,” Annual
Review of Anthropology 36:177-190.
Johnson, Greg, 2005, "Romanticism and Indigenous Peoples," in
Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Bron R. Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New
York, NY: Thoemmes Continuum, pp. 1418-1419.
Krech, Shepard, III, 2005, "American Indians as First Ecologists," in
Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Bron R. Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New
York, NY: Thoemmes Continuum, pp. 24-45.
Krech, Shepard, 2005, “Reflections on Conservation, Sustainability, and
Environmentalism in Indigenous North America,” American Anthropologist
107(1):78-86.
Lewis, Henry T., 1982, “Fire Technology and Resource Management in
Aboriginal North America and Australia,” in Resource Managers: North
American and Australian Hunter-Gatherers, Nancy M. Williams and Eugene
S. Hunn, ed., Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 45-67.
Mann, Charles C., 2002 (March), “1491,” The Atlantic Monthly 289(3):4153.
Nadasdy, Paul, 2005, "Transcending the Debate over the Ecologically Noble
Indian: Indigenous Peoples and Environmentalism," Ethnohistory 52(2):291331.
Pecore, Marshall, 1992 (July), “Menominee Sustained Yield Management:
A Successful Land Ethic in Practice,” Journal of Forestry 90(7):12-16.
32
Pennybacker, Mindy, 2000 (February 7), "The First Environmentalists," The
Nation 270(5):29-31.
Pyne, Stephen J., 1998, “Forged in Fire: History, Land, and Anthropogenic
Fire,” in Advances in Historical Ecology, William Balee, ed., New York,
NY: Columbia University Press, pp. 64-103.
Redford, Kent H., 1990, “The Ecological Noble Savage,” Orion Nature
Quarterly 9(3):25-29. (Reprinted in Cultural Survival Quarterly 9(1):41-44).
Sale, Kirkpatrick, 2000 (June), “Again, the Savage Indian,” The Ecologist
30(4):52.
Smith, Eric Alden, and Mark Wishnie, 2000, "Conservation and Subsistence
in Small-Scale Societies," Annual Review of Anthropology 29:493-524.
Sponsel, L.E., 1992, "The Environmental History of Amazonia: Natural and
Human Disturbances, and the Ecological Transition," in Changing Tropical
Forests: Historical Perspectives on Today's Challenges in Central and
South America, Harold K. Steen and Richard P. Tucker, eds., Durham, NC:
Forest History Society, pp. 233-251.
Waller, David, 1996, “Friendly Fire: When Environmentalists Dehumanize
American Indians,” American Indian Culture and Research Journal
20(2):107-126.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 4 T
CASE STUDY: Estonia, Hawai`i, Thailand
RECOMMENDED:
Bennett, John W., 1976, “The Ecological Transition: From Equilibrium to
Disequilibrium,” The Ecological Transition: Cultural Anthropology and
Human Adaptation, Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press, pp. 123-155.
33
Kunstadter, Peter, 1989, “The End of the Frontier: Culture and Environment
Interactions in Thailand,” Culture and Environment in Thailand, Bangkok,
Thailand: Siam Society, pp. 543-552.
McGregor, Davianna Pomaika`i, 2005, “Hawai`i,” Encyclopedia of Religion
and Nature, Bron R. Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thoemmes
Continuum 1:748-750.
Sponsel, L.E., 1998, “The Historical Ecology of Thailand: Increasing
Thresholds of Human Environmental Impact from Prehistory to the
Present,” in Advances in Historical Ecology, William Balee, ed., New York:
Columbia University Press, pp. 376-404.
http://books.google.com/books?id=A5cUpbvNcH4C&printsec=frontcover&
dq=advances+in+historical+ecology&hl=en&src=bmrr#v=onepage&q&f=fa
lse
_____, 2001, “Is Indigenous Spiritual Ecology a New Fad? Reflections from
the Historical and Spiritual Ecology of Hawai`i,” in Indigenous Traditions
and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, John Grim, ed.,
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 159-174.
Steadman, David W., 1995 (February 24), “Prehistoric Extinctions of Pacific
Island Birds: Biodiversity Meets Zooarchaeology,” Science n.s.,
267(5201):1123-1131.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 6 Th
VIDEO: Population (DVD 3002, 7.5 min.),
DISCUSSION
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Chs. 10-11.
34
RECOMMENDED:
Demenocal, Peter B., et al., 2005 (December), “Perspectives on Diamond’s
Collapse,” Current Anthropology 46 (Supplement):S91-S99.
Diamond, Jared, 1995, “Easter’s End,” Discover 16(8):62-69.
_____, 2005, “Collapse: ecological lessons for survival,” Natural History
114(3):38-43.
_____, 2005 (July), “How Societies Fail, And Sometimes Succeed,” Santa
Fe, NM: The Long Now Foundation: Seminars About Long-Term Thinking
(74 min.)
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4271982381147720351#.
_____, 2008, Why Societies Collapse (20 min.).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IESYMFtLIis
http://www.ted.com/talks/jared_diamond_on_why_societies_collapse.html
Hunt, Terry L., 2006, “Rethinking the Fall of Easter Island,” American
Scientist 94(5):412-419.
_____, 2007, “Rethinking Easter Island’s Ecological Catastrophe,” Journal
of Archaeological Science 34(3):485-502.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 11 T
GUEST: Eric J. Cunningham (Doctoral Candidate, University of
Anthropology) “Forest History in Central Japan”
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~ericjc/In_the_Pines/Welcome.html
*************************************************************
35
POLITICAL ECOLOGY
October 13 Th
VIDEO : Mini-Dragons: Thailand (VHS 10571, 60 min.)
REQUIRED READING:
Merchant - Introduction
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 18T
LECTURE: Could genuine justice restore ecosanity?
REQUIRE READING:
Anderson - Chs. 4
Merchant - Chs. 6-7
RECOMMENDED:
Adams, William M., et al., 2004, “Biodiversity Conservation and the
Eradication of Poverty,” Science n.s. 306(5699):1146-1149.
Brosius, J. Peter, 1997, “Endangered Forest, Endangered People:
Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge,” Human
Ecology 25(1):47-69.
_____, 1999, “Analyses and Interventions: Anthropological Engagements
with Environmentalism,” Current Anthropology 40(3):277-309.
Bullard, Robert D., 2001, “Environmental Justice,” in International
Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and
Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 4627-4633.
36
Doane, Molly, 2007, “The Political Economy of the Ecological Native,”
American Anthropologist 109(3):452 – 462.
Dove, Michael R., 2006, “Indigenous People and Environmental Politics,”
Annual Review of Anthropology 35:191-208.
Escobar, Arturo, 1998, “Whose Knowledge, Whose Nature Diversity,
Conservation, and the Political Ecology of Social Movements,” Journal of
Political Ecology 5(1):53-81.
_____, 1998, “Constructing Nature: Elements for a Poststructural Political
Ecology,” in Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, and Social
Movements, Richard Peet and Michael Watts, eds., New York, NY:
Routledge, pp. 46-68.
Galvin, Kathleen A., 2006, “Integrated Modeling and Its Potential for
Resolving Conflicts between Conservation and People in the Rangelands of
East Africa,” Human Ecology 34(2):155-183.
Greenberg, James B., and Thomas K. Park, 1994, “Political Ecology,”
Journal of Political Ecology 1(1):1-12 at:
http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_1/FOREWARD.PDF
Hardin, Garrett, 1968, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 162:12431248.
Hanson, Thor, 2009, “Warfare in Biodiversity Hotspots,” Conservation
Biology 23(3):578-587.
Harper, Krista, 2005, "Wild Capitalism" and "Ecocolonialism": A Tale of
Two Rivers,” American Anthropologist 107(2):221-233.
Igoe, Jim, 2010, “The spectacle of nature in the global economy of
appearances: anthropological engagements with the spectacular mediations
of transnational conservation,” Critique of anthropology 30(4):375-397.
Johnston, Barbara Rose, 2001, “Anthropology and Environmental Justice:
Analysts, Advocates, Mediators, and Troublemakers,” in Carole L. Crumley,
ed., New Directions in Anthropology and Environment: Intersections,
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, pp. 132-149
37
Little, Paul E., 1999, “Environmentalists and Environmentalisms in
Anthropological Research: Facing a New Millennium,” Annual Review of
Anthropology 28:253-284.
Magdoff, Fred, and John Bellamy, 2010 (March), “What Every
Environmentalist Needs to Know About Capitalism,” Monthly Review
61(10) http://www.monthlyreview.org/100301magdoff-foster.php.
McNeely, Jeffrey A., 2003, “Conserving forest biodiversity in times of
violent conflict,” Oryx 37(2):142-152.
Naess, Arne, and George Sessions, 1993, “Deep Ecology Platform,”
http://home.ca.inter.net/%7Egreenweb/DE-Platform.html.
Rodriguez, Jon Paul, 2000, “Impact of the Venezuelan economic crisis on
wild populations of animals and plants,” Biological Conservation 96(2):151159.
Stonich, Susan C., 2001, “Political Ecology,” International Encyclopedia of
the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes,
Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 4053-4058.
Thibault, Marc, and Sonia Blaney, 2003, “The oil industry as an underlying
factor in the bushmeat crisis in central Africa,” Conservation Biology 17(6):
1807-1813.
Walpole, Matt, 2008, “Disentangling the links between conservation and
poverty reduction in practice,” Oryx 42(4):539-547.
Walters, B.B., and Andrew P. Vayda, 1999, “Against Political Ecology,”
Human Ecology 27(1):167-179.
Watts, Michael, and Richard Peet, 1998, “Toward a Theory of Liberagtion
Ecology,” in Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, and Social
Movements, Richard Peet and Michael Watts, eds., New York, NY:
Routledge, pp. 260-269.
West, Paige, 2005, “Translation, value and space: Theorizing an
ethnographic and engaged environmental anthropology,” American
Anthropologist 107(4): 632-42.
38
Bullard, Robert D., 2008, The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human
Rights (52 min.)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYVvbs6XsNw
Earth First!
http://www.earthfirst.org
Green Web, 2011, http://home.ca.inter.net/~greenweb/
Orton, David, 2011, “Deep Green Web” http://deepgreenweb.blogspot.com/.
Population Reference Bureau, 2011
http://www.prb.org/educators/teachersguides/humanpopulation/populationgr
owth.aspx
Rainforest Action Network, 2011, http://www.ran.org.
Hans Rosling’s “200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes” (The Joy of Stats –
BBC Four) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo
Ruppert, Michael, "Pondering our Post-Petroleum Future"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRo5jdWQPDI,
http://www.fromthewilderness.com
_____, 2009, Blind Spot [peak oil] (DVD 8649)
She’s Alive…Beautiful…Finite…Hurting…Worth Dying for…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGeXdv-uPaw&feature=youtu.be.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 20 Th
LECTURE continued: Is research in political ecology itself political?
REQUIRED READING:
39
Anderson - Ch. 5
Merchant - Chs. 8-9
RECOMMENDED:
Brosius, J. Peter, 1999, “Green Dots, Pink Hearts: Displacing Politics from
the Malaysian Rain Forest,” American Anthropologist 101(1):36-57.
Brown, James H., et al., 2011, “Energetic Limits to Economic Growth,”
BioScience 61(1):19-26.
Charnley, Susan, and William H. Durham, 2010 (September),
“Anthropology and Environmental Policy: What Counts?,” American
Anthropologist 112(3):397-415.
Conklin, Beth A., and Laura R. Graham, 1995, "The Shifting Middle
Ground: Amazonian Indians and Eco-Politics," American Anthropologist
97(4):695-710.
Dove, Michael R., 1983, “Theories of Swidden Agriculture and the Political
Economy of Ignorance,” Agroforestry Systems 1:85-99.
Draulans, Dirk, and EllenVan Krunkelsven, 2002, “The impact of war on
forest areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo,” Oryx 36(1):35-40.
Fox, Jefferson, Pralad Yonzon, and Nancy Podger, 1996, “Mapping
Conflicts Between Biodiversity and Human Needs in Langtang National
Park, Nepal,” Conservation Biology 10(2):562-569.
Hirsch, Paul D., William Adams, J. Peter Brosius, Asim Zia, Nino Bariola,
Juan Luis Dammert Bello, 2010, “Acknowledging trade-offs, embracing
complexity: A challenge for conservation.” Conservation Biology
25(2):259-264.
Johnson, Chris J., 2005, “Cumulative Effects of Human Developments on
Arctic Wildlife,” Wildlife Monographs No. 160, pp. 1-36.
McShane, Thomas, et al., 2011, “Hard choices: Making trade-offs between
biodiversity conservation and human well-being.” Biological Conservation
144(3):966-972.
40
Omofonmwan, Samson Imasogie, and Lucky Osaretin_Odia, 2009, “Oil
exploitation and conflict in the Niger-delta region of Nigeria,” Journal of
human ecology 26(1):25-30.
Peace, Adrian, 2010, “The whaling war: Conflicting cultural perspectives,”
Anthropology today 26(3):5-9.
Redford, Kent, and Allyn Stearman, 1993, “Forest-dwelling native
Amazonians and the conservation of biodiversity: Interests in common or
collision?,” Conservation Biology 7(2):248-55.
Shiva, Vandana, 1993, “Farmers' Rights, Biodiversity and International
Treaties,” Economic and Political Weekly 28(14):555-560.
Sponsel, L.E., 1995, "Relationships Among the World System, Indigenous
Peoples, and Ecological Anthropology," in Indigenous Peoples and the
Future of Amazonia: An Ecological Anthropology of an Endangered World,
Leslie E. Sponsel, ed. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 263293.
_____, 2000, “Identities, Ecologies, Rights, and Futures: All Endangered,”
in Endangered Peoples of Southeast and East Asia, Leslie E. Sponsel, ed.,
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 1-22.
Stonich, Susan C., and Billie R. DeWalt, 1996, “The Political Ecology of
Deforestation in Honduras,” in Tropical Deforestation: The Human
Dimension, Leslie E. Sponsel, Thomas N. Headland, and Robert C. Bailey,
eds., New York, NY: Columbia University Press, pp. 187-215
Turner, Terence, 1995, "An Indigenous People's Struggle for Socially
Equitable and Ecologically Sustainable Production: The Kayapo Revolt
Against Extractivism," Journal of Latin American Anthropology 1(1):98121.
Willow, Anna J., 2009, “Clear-cutting and colonialism: the ethnopolitical
dynamics of indigenous environmental activism in northwestern Ontario,”
Ethnohistory 56(1):35-67.
Vayda, Andrew P., 1961, “Expansion and Warfare among Swidden
Agriculturalists,” American Anthropologist 63:346-358.
41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 25 T
VIDEO: “Contact: Yanomami Indians of Brazil” (VHS 4962, 40 min.)
CASE STUDY: Illegal Gold Mining, Mercury, and Yanomami in the
Amazon
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Ch. 7
Sponsel, L.E., 2006, “Yanomamo,” in Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H.
James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 5:2347-2351.
[handout]
RECOMMENDED:
Ballard, Chris, and Glenn Banks, 2003, “Resource Wars: The Anthropology
of Mining,” Annual Review of Anthropology 32:287-313.
Bridge, Gavin, 2004, “Contested Terrain: Mining and the Environment,”
Annual Review of Environment and Resources 29(1):205-259.
Johnston, Barbara Rose, 1995, “Human Rights and the Environment,”
Human Ecology 23:111-123.
Sponsel, L.E., 1994, “The Yanomamo Holocaust Continues,” Who Pays the
Price? Examining the Sociocultural Context of Environmental Crisis,
Barbara Rose Johnston, ed., Washington, D.C.: Island Press, pp. 37-46.
_____, 1995, “Relationship Among the World System, Indigenous Peoples,
and Ecological Anthropology,” Indigenous Peoples and the Future of
Amazonia: An Ecological Anthropology of an Endangered World, Leslie E.
42
Sponsel, ed., Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 263-293.
_____, 1996, “Human Rights and Advocacy Anthropology,” The
Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember,
eds., New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2:602-607.
_____, 2001, “Advocacy in Anthropology,” International Encyclopedia of
the Social and Behavioral Sciences, N.J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, eds.,
Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, pp. 204-206.
_____, 2011, "The Master Thief: Gold Mining and Mercury Contamination
in the Amazon," in Life and Death Matters: Human Rights, Environment,
and Social Justice, Barbara Rose Johnston, ed., 1997, Walnut Creek, CA:
Left Coast Press (Second Edition), Ch. 6, pp. 125-150.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 27 Th
DISCUSSION
REQUIRED READING:
Anderson - Ch. 6
Merchant - Ch. 9 and Conclusion
RECOMMENDED:
The Center for Political Ecology (publishes journal Capitalism, Nature and
Socialism)
http://www.centerforpoliticalecology.org/
Colbert, 2008 (June 12), The Colbert Report (with Winona LaDuke)
http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/173622/june-122008/winona-laduke
Cultural Survival (Cambridge, MA)
http://cs.org
43
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA)
http://www.iwgia.org
Institute for Social Ecology
http://www.social-ecology.org
Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center, 2007 (Summer), [Special
issue on the environmental impact of the Israeli occupation of Palestine],
Cornerstone 45:1-20 http://www.sabeel.org/datadir/enevents/ev63/files/Corner45f.pdf
Jon Steward, 2011, “Ored to Death” [Asbestos, Quebec, Canada].
http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-may-12-2011/ored-to-death
Survival International (London, UK)
http://www.survival-international.org
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November 1 T
GUEST: Jonathan Padwe (Assistant Professor, University of Hawai`i)
“Agroecology and Political Economy of Social and Environmental Change
among the Jarai in Highland Cambodia” (tentative title).
http://www.meatradio.com
*************************************************************
SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY
November 3 Th
VIDEO: “In Light of Reverence” (VHS 18873, 73 min.)
Sacred Land Film Project
http://www.sacredland.org
44
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Ch. 9
RECOMMENDED:
Mauna Kea: Temple Under Siege (Hawai`i, VHS 21514, 69 min.).
Kaho`olawe Aloha `Aina (DVD 3185, 57 min.)
Malama Halawa: The Caretaking of a Valley [O`ahu and H3
Highway](VHS 17411, 35 minutes)
`Ahahui Malama I Ka Lokahi (Hawaiians for the Conservation of Native
Ecosystems)
http://www.ahahui.net
Hawai’i Conservation Alliance
http://www.hawaiiconservation.org
Hawai`i Environmental Education Association
http://heea.edgateway.net
Hawai`i Nature Center
http://www.hawaiinaturecenter.org
Kahea: The Hawaiian-Environmental Alliance
http://www.kahea.org
Kanu Hawai`i
http://www.kanuhawaii.org/kanu/
Na Maka o ka `Aina
http://www.namaka.com
Sustain Hawai`i
http://sustainhawaii.org
45
Sponsel, L.E., 2001, “Is Indigenous Spiritual Ecology a New Fad?
Reflections from the Historical and Spiritual Ecology of Hawai`i,” in
Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and
Community, John Grim, ed., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp.
159-174.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 8 T
LECTURE: Is religion the ultimate answer to the ecocrisis?
REQUIRED READING:
Anderson - Ch. 7
Merchant - Ch. 5
RECOMMENDED:
Bratton, Susan Power, 2002, “Ecology and Religion: New Science, Old
Relationships,” in The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Science, Philip
Clayton and Zachary Simpson, eds., New York, NY: Oxford University
Press, pp. 207-225.
Byers, Bruce A., Robert N. Cunliffe, and Andrew T. Hudak, 2001, “Linking
the Conservation of Culture and Nature: A Case Study of Sacred Forests in
Zimbabwe,” Human Ecology 29)2):187-218.
Colding, Johan, and Carl Folke, 1997, “The Relations Among Threatened
Species, Their Protection, and Taboos,” Conservation Ecology [online
journal] 1(1):article 6, pp. 1-13.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol1/iss1/art6/
Davis, Wade, 2008, “The Worldwide Web of Beliefs and Rituals” (19 min.)
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/wade_davis_on_the_worldwide_web_of
_belief_and_ritual.html.
Dove, Michael R., 1993, “Uncertainty, Humility, and Adaptation in the
46
Tropical Forest: The Agricultural Augury of the Kantu,” Ethnology
32(2):145-168.
Dudley, Nigel, Liza Higgins-Zogib, and Stephanie Mansourian, 2005
(December), Beyond Belief: Linking Faiths and Protected Areas to Support
Biodiversity Conservation, London, UK: World Wide Fund for Nature
(WWF), Equilibrium, and the Alliance of Religions and Conservation
(ARC) http://www.panda.org
http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/how_we_work/conservation/forests/publi
cations/?uNewsID=58880
Gardner, Gary, December 2002, “Invoking the Spirit: Religion and
Spirituality in the Quest for a Sustainable World,” Worldwatch Paper #164.
http://www.worldwatch.org/node/826
Gottlieb, Roger S., 2007 (December 26), "Religious Environmentalism,"
Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVpxdd1Oosg.
Hakkenberg, Christopher, 2008, “Biodiversity and Sacred Sites: Vernacular
Conservation Practices in Northwest Yunnan, China,” Worldviews: Global
Religions, Culture, Ecology 12(1):74-90.
Harris, Marvin, 1966, “The Cultural Ecology of India’s Sacred Cattle,”
Current Anthropology 7(1):51-66.
Kufer, J., N. Grube, and M. Heinrich, 2006, “Cacao in Eastern Guatemala –
a Sacred Tree with Ecological Significance,” Environment, Development
and Sustainability 8(4):597-608.
Lansing, J. Stephen, 1987, “Balinese “Water Temples” and the Management
of Irrigation,” American Anthrpologist 89(2):326-341.
_____, and J.N. Kremer, 1993, “Emergent Properties of Balinese Water
Temple Networks,” American Anthropologist 95(1):97-114.
Latour, Bruno, 2009, “Will non-humans be saved? An argument in
ecotheology,” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute n.s. 15(3):459475.
47
Moore, Omar Khayyam, 1965, “Divination - A New Perspective,” American
Anthropologist 59:69-74.
Nelson, Richard K., 1982, “A Conservation Ethic and Environment: The
Koyukon of Alaska,” in Resource Managers: North American and
Australian Hunter-Gatherers, Nancy M. Williams and Eugene S. Hunn,
eds., Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 211-228.
Oksanen, Markku, 1997, “The Moral Value of Biodiversity,” Ambio
26(8):541-545.
Ormsby, Alison A., and S.A. Bhagwat, 2010, “Sacred forests of India: a
strong tradition of community-based natural resource management,”
Environmental Conservation 37(3):320-326.
Pei, Shengji, 1993, “Managing for Biological Diversity Conservation in
Temple Yards and Holy Hills: The Traditional Practices of the
Xishuangbana Dai Community, Southwestern China,” in Ethics, Religion
and Biodiversity: Relations Between Conservation and Cultural Values,
Lawrence S. Hamilton, ed., Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press, pp.
118-132.
Rappaport, Roy A., 1967, “Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations
among a New Guinea People,” Ethnology 6(1):17-30.
Salmón, Enrique, 2000, “Kincentric Ecology: Indigenous Perceptions of the
Human-Nature Relationship,” Ecological Applications 10(5):1327-1332.
Swezey, Sean L., and Robert F. Heizer, 1977, “Ritual Management of
Salmonid Fish Resources in California,” The Journal of California
Anthropology 4(1):6-29.
Tannebaum, Nicola, 2000, “Protest, tree ordination, and the changing
context of political ritual,” Ethnology 39(2):109-127.
Tuan, Yi-Fu, 1968, “Discrepancies between Environmental Attitude and
Behaviour: Examples from Europe and China,” The Canadian Geographer
12(3):176-191.
_____, 1970, “Our Treatment of the Environment in Ideal and Actuality,”
48
American Scientist 58:244-249.
White, Lynn, Jr., 1967 (March 10), “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological
Crisis,” Science 155:1203-1207.
Environmental Ethics
International Society for Environmental Ethics
http://www.cep.unt.edu/ISEE.html
Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
[successor to Ecotheology] http://www.religionandnature.com
Resurgence Magazine http://www.resurgence.org/
The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca
Worldviews : Global Religions, Culture and Ecology (formerly Worldviews:
Environment, Culture, Religion) http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 10 Th
LECTURE continued: Is studying religion and spirituality unscientific?
REQUIRED READING:
Anderson - Ch. 8
Merchant - Chs. 2-3
RECOMMENDED:
Sponsel, L.E., 2001, "Do Anthropologists Need Religion, and Vice Versa?
Adventures and Dangers in Spiritual Ecology," in Human Dimensions of
Environmental Change: Anthropology Engages Issues, Carole Crumley, ed.,
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press pp. 177-200.
49
_____, 2007, “Spiritual Ecology: One Anthropologist’s Reflections,”
Journal of Religion, Nature and Culture 1(3):340-350.
_____, 2007, “Religion, Nature and Environmentalism,” Encyclopedia of
Earth
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Religion,_nature_and_environmentalism
_____, 2010 "Religion and Environment: Exploring Spiritual Ecology,"
Religion and Society: Advances in Research, Simon Coleman and Ramon
Sarro, eds., New York, NY: Berghahn Books 1:131-145.
_____, 2011, “The Religion and Environment Interface: Spiritual Ecology in
Ecological Anthropology,” in Environmental Anthropology Today, Helen
Kopnina, and Elleanore Shoreman, eds., New York, NY: Routledge, pp.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 15 T
CASE STUDY: Illuminating Darkness: The Monk-Cave-Bat-Ecosystem
Complex in Thailand
RECOMMENDED:
The Caves of Altamira [Spain] (VHS 8336, 26 min.)
ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity
http://www.aseanbiodiversity.org
Bat Conservation International
http://www.batcon.org
Cave Biota
http://www.cavebiota.com
Center for Biological Diversity
http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/
50
Sacred Sites in Thailand
http://www.kirjon.com
Barker, Graeme, Tim Reynold, and David Gilbertson, eds., 2005 (Spring),
“The Human Use of Caves in Peninsular and Island Southeast Asia,” Asian
Perspectives 44(1):1-245.
Berkes, Fikret, 2001, “Religious Traditions and Biodiversity,” in
Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Simon Asher Levin, Editor-in-Chief, San
Diego, CA: Academic Press 5:109-120.
Caswell, James O., 2000, “Cave Temples and Monasteries in India and
China,” Encyclopedia of Monasticism, William M. Johnston, ed., Chicago,
IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 1:255-263.
Clements, Reuben, 2006, “Limestone Karsts of Southeast Asia: Imperiled
Arks of Biodiversity,” 56(9):733-742.
Crites, Jennifer, 2007 (September), “Spiritual Ecology,” Malamalama
32(3):9-11 http://www.hawaii.edu/malamalama/2007/09/index.html
Dudley, Nigel, Liza Higgins-Zogib, and Stepahnie Mansourian, 2009 (June),
“The Links Between Protected Areas, Faiths, and Sacred Natural Sites,”
Conservation Biology 23(3):568-577.
Heyden, Doris, 2005, “Caves,” Encyclopedia of Religion, Lindsay Jones,
Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale (Second Edition) 3:14681473.
Krajick, Kevin, and David Littschwager, 2007 (September), “Discoveries in
the Dark,” National Geographic 212(3):134-147.
Oksanen, Markku, 1997, “The Moral Value of Biodiversity,” Ambio
26(8):541-545.
Orlove, Benjamin S., and Stephen Brush, 1996, “Anthropology and
Biodiversity Conservation,” Annual Review of Anthropology 25:329–352.
51
Sponsel, L.E., 2008, “Sacred Places and Biodiversity Conservation,”
Encyclopedia of Earth,
http://www.eoearth.org/article/sacred_places_and_biodiversity_conservation
______, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 1997, “A Theoretical Analysis of
the Potential Contribution of the Monastic Community in Promoting a Green
Society in Thailand,” in Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of
Dharma and Deeds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 45-68.
______, Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, Nukul Ruttanadakul, and Somporn
Juntadach, 1998, “Sacred and/or Secular Approaches to Biodiversity
Conservation in Thailand,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion
2(1):155-167.
_____, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2004, “Illuminating Darkness: The
Monk-Cave-Bat-Ecosystem Complex in Thailand,” in This Sacred Earth:
Religion, Nature, Environment, Roger S. Gottlieb, ed., New York:
Routledge, pp. 134-144.
_____, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2008, “Environment and Nature in
Buddhism,” Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology, and
Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, ed., New York, NY:
Springer-Verlag 1:768-776.
Tambiah, Stanley, 1969, “Animals Are Good to Think and Good to
Prohibit,” Ethnology VIII(4):423-459.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 17 Th
GUEST: Richard A. Gould (Professor Emeritus, Brown University)
“Cultural Ecology of Australian Aborigines”
http://research.brown.edu/research/profile.php?id=10168
RECOMMENDED:
Bird, R. Bliege, D. W. Bird, B. F. Codding, C. H. Parker and J. H. Jones,
52
2008, “The "Fire Stick Farming" Hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal
Foraging Strategies, Biodiversity, and Anthropogenic Fire Mosaics,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America 105(39):14796-14801.
Birdsell, Joseph B., 1953, “Some Environmental and Cultural Factors
Influencing the Structuring of Australian Aboriginal Populations,” American
Naturalist 87:171-207.
Brady, Veronica, 1999, “Towards an Ecology of Australia: Land of the
Spirit,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 3(2):139-155.
Byrne, D., et al., 2006, “Enchanted Parklands,” Australian Geographer
37(1) :103-115.
Crane, Scott, 1987, “Australian Aboriginal Subsistence in the Western
Desert,” Human Ecology 15(4):391-434.
Gould, Richard A., 1969, “Subsistence Behavior among Western Desert
Aborigines,” Oceania 39(4):253-274.
_____, 1982, “To Have and Have Not: The Ecology of Sharing among
Hunter-Gatherers,” in Resource Managers: North American and Australian
Hunter-Gatherers, Nancy M. Williams and Eugene S. Hunn, eds., Boulder,
CO: Westview Press, Inc., pp. 69-91.
_____, 1991, “Ngatatjara,” in Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Volume II
Oceania, Terence Hays, ed., Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, pp. 238-241.
Graham, Mary, 1999, “Some Thoughts about the Philosophical
Underpinnings of Aboriginal Worldviews,” Worldviews: Environment,
Culture, Religion 3(2):105-118.
Hume, Lynne, 1999, “On the Unsafe Side of the White Divide: New
Perspectives on the Dreaming of Australian Aborigines,” Anthropology of
Consciousness 10(1):1-15.
Jones, R., 1991, “Landscape of the Mind: Aboriginal Perceptions of the
Natural World,” in Humanities and the Australian Envronment, D.J.
Mulvaney, ed., Canberra, Australia: Australian Academy of the Humanities,
53
pp. 21-48.
Kohen, J.L., 2003, “Knowing Country: Indigenous Australians and the
Land,” in Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in
Non-Western Cultures, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 229243.
Morton, John, 2005, “Totemism,” in The Encyclopedia of Religion and
Nature, Bron Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thoemmes
Continuum 2:1644-1646.
National Geographic Society, 1988, “Australia’s Aborigines” (60 min., VHS
4468).
Plumwood, Val, 1999, “The Struggle for Environmental Philosophy in
Australia,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 3(2):157-178.
Povinelli, Elizabeth A., 1992, “Where We Gana Go Now”: Foraging
Practices and Their Meanings among the Belyuen Australian Aborigine,”
Human Ecology 20(2):169-202.
Rodman, Margaret C., 1992, “Empowering Place: Multilocality and
Multivocality,” American Anthropologist 94(3):640-656.
Whittaker, Elvi, 1994, “Public Discourse on Sacredness: The Transfer of
Ayres Rock to Aboriginal Ownership,” American Ethnologist 21(2):310334.
Young, Diana, 2006, “Water as Country on the Pitjantjatjara Yankuntjatjara
Lands of South Australia,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion
10(2):239-258.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 22 T
DISCUSSION
REQUIRED READING:
54
Merchant - Ch. 4
Townsend - Chs. 12-13
RECOMMENDED:
The Goddess and the Computer (VHS 4047, 50 min.)
Keeping the Faith (VHS 13215, 40 min.)
Spirit and Nature (VHS 5326, 88 min.)
Alliance for Religion and Conservation
http://www.arcworld.org
Earth and Spirit Council
http://earthandspirit.org/AboutUs/aboutESC.htm
Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
http://www.religionandnature.com
Forum on Religion and Ecology at Yale University [interview with Mary
Evelyn Tucker and John Grim]
http://www.yale.edu/religionandecology
National Religious Partnership for Environment
http://www.nrpe.org
Schumacher College
http://www.schumachercollege.org.uk/
World Heritage Sites/UNESCO
http://www.whs.unesco.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 24 Th
55
HOLIDAY Thanksgiving
*************************************************************
CLIMATE CHANGE: GLOBAL TO LOCAL
November 29 T
STUDENT PANEL 1: “Climate and Culture”
PANEL READINGS: Crate-Nuttall Introduction and Chapters 1-4
Video segment: Tuvalu
REQUIRED READING:
Townsend - Ch. 8
RECOMMENDED:
Alliance for Climate Protection, 2011, http://www.climateprotect.org/.
American Meteorological Society, 2011, Weather, Climate and Society,
http://www.ametsoc.org/pubs/journals/wcs/index.html.
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo, Norway
http://www.cicero.uio.no/home/index_e.aspx.
Climate Ark
http://www.climateark.org.
Climate Progress
http://thinkprogress.org.
The Climate Project, 2011, http://www.climateproject.org.
Cook, John, 2011, Global Warming and Climate Change Myths, Skeptical
56
Science, http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php.
Gore, Al, 2006, “An Inconvenient Truth: A Global Warning,”, (DVD 4726,
96 min.)
http://www.climatecrisis.net.
_____, 2008, Al Gore’s Latest Thinking on the Climate Crisis (28 min.)
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/al_gore_s_new_thinking_on_the_climate
_crisis.html
_____, 2009, Al Gore on Latest Climate Trends (7 min.).
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/al_gore_warns_on_latest_climate_trends.
html.
_____, 2011 (June 22), “Climate of Denial: Can science and the truth
withstand the merchants of poison? Rolling Stone [print copy July 7].
http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/climate-of-denial-20110622.
National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, 2011,
“America’s Climate Choices,”
http://americasclimatechoices.org/index.shtml.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2011, “Global
Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet,” http://climate.nasa.gov/.
National Climate Data Center, 2011(June 28), “State of the Climate: 2010
Report,” http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate.
Oreskes, N., 2004, 'Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on
Climate Change' Science 306(5702):1686.
Parenti, Christian, 2011 (June 28), “Climate Chaos,” Berkeley, CA: Pacifica
Radio http://www.againstthegrain.org/program/449/id/261051/tues-6-28-11climate-chaos.
Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2011,
http://www.pewclimate.org/.
Reardon, Sara, 2011 (August 5), “Climate Change Sparks Battles in
Classroom,” Science 333(6043):688-689.
57
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6043/688.summary.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2011,
http://unfccc.int/2860.php.
United Nations International Panel on Climate Change, 2011,
http://www.ipcc.ch.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2011, “Climate
Change,” http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/.
Yale Project on Climate Change, 2011, http://environment.yale.edu/climate/.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 1 Th
STUDENT PANEL 2: “Anthropological Encounters”
PANEL READINGS: Carate-Nuttall Chapters 5-15
RECOMMENDED:
Amazon Deforestation and Global Warming, 2009 (11 min.)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/environment/july-dec09/amazon_1216.html.
Baer, Hans A., 2009, “A field report on the critical anthropology of global
warming: a view from a transplanted American downunder,” Dialectical
anthropology 33(1):79-85.
Begley, Sharon, 2011 (June 6), “Are You Ready For More?,” Newsweek, pp.
40-45.
http://www.newsweek.com/2011/05/29/are-you-ready-for-more.html.
Berkes, Fikret, and Dyanna Jolly, 2001, “Adapting to Climate Change:
Socio-Ecological Resilience in a Canadian Western Arctic Community,”
Conservation Ecology 5(2):18.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss2/art18/.
58
Beaumont, Linda J., et al., “Impacts of climate change on the world's most
exceptional ecoregions,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America 108(6):2306-2311.
Bokin, Daniel B., et al., 2007, “Forecasting the Effects of Global Warming
on Biodiversity,” BioScience 57(3):227-236.
Climate Change Slide Show, 2011, http://www.350.org/presentation.
Connell, John, 2003, “Losing Ground? Tuvalu, the Greenhouse Effect, and
Garbage Can,” Asia Pacific Viewpoint44(2):89-107.
Crate, Susan A., 2011, “Climate and Culture: Anthropology in the Era of
21st Century Climate Change, Annual Review of Anthropology 40: - .
Dove, Michael, 1994, “North-South Differences, Global Warming, and the
Global System,” Chemosphere 29(5):1063-1077.
Interfaith Power a Light: A Religious Response to Global Warming
http://interfaithpowerandlight.org.
ISUMA, 2010, “Inuit Knowledge and Climate Change” (54 min.)
http://www.isuma.tv/hi/en/inuit-knowledge-and-climate-change.
Kannan, Ragupathy, and Douglas A. James, 2009, “Effects of climate
change on global biodiversity: a review of key literature,” Tropical Ecology
50(1):31-39.
Kelman, Ilan, and J.C. Gaillard, 2009, “Challenges and Opportunities of
Disaster-Related Public Anthropology,” Asian Journal of Environment and
Disaster Management 1(2):119-139.
Kelman, Ilan, Jennifer J. West, 2009, “Climate Change and Small Island
Developing States: A Critical Review,” Ecological and Environmental
Anthropology 5(1).
Kirch, Patrick V., 1997, “Microcosmic Histories: Island Perspectives on
`Global’ Change,” American Anthropologist 99(1):30-42.
59
McGovern, Thomas H., 2007, “Landscapes of Settlement in Northern
Iceland: Historical Ecology of Human Impact and Climate Fluctuation on
the Millennial Scale,” American Anthropologist 109(1): 27-51.
Miles, Lera, Alan Grainger, and Oliver Phillips, 2004, “The Impact of
Global Climate Change on Tropical Forest Biodiversity in Amazonia,”
Global Ecology and Biogeography 13(6):553-565.
Morwood, M. J., et al., 2008, “Climate, people and faunal succession on
Java, Indonesia: evidence from Song Gupuh,” Journal of Archaeological
Science 35(7):1776-1789
Nichols, Theresa, Fikret Berkes, Norman B. Snow, and Dyanna Jolly, 2004,
“Climate Change and Sea Ice: Local Observations from the Canadian
Western Arctic,” Arctic 57(1):68-79.
Obioha, Emeka E., 2009, “Climate variability, environment change and food
security nexus in Nigeria,” Human ecology 26(2):107-21.
Oliver-Smith, Anthony, 1996, “Anthropological Research on Hazards and
Disasters,” Annual Review of Anthropology 25:308-328.
Peterson, Larry C., and Gerald H. Haug, 2005, “Climate and Collapse of
Maya Civilization,” American Scientist 93(4):322-329.
Rosales, Jon, 2008, “Economic Growth, Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss:
Distributive Justice for the Global North and South,” Conservation Biology
22(6):1409-1417.
Szerszynski, Bronislaw, et al., 2010 (March/May), “Changing Climates,”
Theory, Culture and Society 27(2-3):1-305.
Xu, Jianchu, et al., 2009, “The Melting Himalayas: Cascading Effects of
Climate Change on Water, Biodiversity, and Livelihoods,”
Conservation Biology 23(3):520-530.
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60
December 6 T
STUDENT PANEL 3: “Anthropological Actions”
PANEL READINGS: Crate-Nuttall Chapters 16-24 and Epilogue
RECOMMENDED:
The Economist, 2010 (July 10), "Security and Environment: Climate Wars"
The Economist 396(8690):59-60
http://www.economist.com/node/16539538?story_id=16539538.
Drengson, Alan, 2011, “Shifting Paradigms: From Technocratic to Planetary
Person,” Anthropology of Consciousness 22(1):9-32.
Homer-Dixon, Thomas, et al., 1993, “Environmental Change and Violent
Conflict,” Scientific American 268(2):38-45.
Kaplan, Robert, 1994, “The Coming Anarchy,” Atlantic Monthly 273(2):4476.
Klare, Michael, 2001, “The New Geography of Conflict,” Foreign Affairs
72:22-49.
Orlove, Ben, and Steven C. Caton, 2010, “Water Sustainability:
Anthropological Approaches and Prospects,” Annual Review of
Anthropology 39:401-415.
Practicing Anthropology, 2000, Special issue: “Anthropology and climate
change: challenges and contributions,” Practicing anthropology 22(4).
Rappaport, Roy A., 1992, “The Anthropology of Trouble,” American
Anthropologist 95(2):295-303.
Renner, Michael, 2002, “The Anatomy of Resource Wars,” Worldwatch
Paper 162, pp. 1-91.
Rosling, Hans, 2007, “New Insights on Poverty and Life Around the World,” (19
min.)
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/hans_rosling_reveals_new_insights_on
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_poverty.html.
_____, 2011, “200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes - The Joy of Stats,” (5 min.)
London, UK: BBC Four http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo.
Turner, G.M., 2008 (August), “A Comparison of the Limits to Growth with
30 Years of Reality,” Global Environmental Change 18(3):397-411.
Whyte, A.V., 2001, “Environmental Security,” International Encyclopedia
of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes,
Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 4663-4667.
Zhang, David D., et al., 2007, “Climate Change and War Frequency in
Eastern China over the Last Millennium,” Human Ecology 35(4):403-414.
Affluenza (DVD 9325, 56 min.)
Big Ideas for a Small Planet (DVD 7888, 2 videodiscs, 328 min.)
The Environmental Revolution (VHS 18653, 50 min.)
Koyaanisqatsi (DVD 1400, 87 min.)
Radically Simple [Jim Merkel] (DVD 5963, 35 min.)
http://www.radicalsimplicity.org/jim_merkel.html.
The Story of Stuff: Full Version [Annie Leonard] (21 min.)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLBE5QAYXp8.
Affluenza
http://www.pbs.org/affluenza.
Carbon Calculator
http://www.climatecrisis.net/takeaction/carboncalculator.
Earth Charter, United Nations
http://www.earthcharter.org.
Eco Ideas
http://eco-ideas.net/archives/
Ecological Buddhism: A Buddhist Response to Global Warming
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http://www.ecobuddhism.org
World Resources Institute
http://www.wri.org.
Worldwatch Institute
http://www.worldwatch.org.
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December 8 Th
FACULTY ROUNDTABLE: Jeff Fox, Richard Gould, Gerald Marten,
Jonathan Padwe, and Les Sponsel
“Past, Present, and Future of Ecological Anthropology in General and
at UHM in Particular”
REQUIRED READNG
Sponsel, L.E., 2010 (March), “Ecological Anthropology at the University of
Hawai`i – Manoa,” American Anthropological Association Anthropology
News 51(3):35-36. [handout]
RECOMMENDED:
Adams, David, 2011, Institute for Cultural Ecology
http://www.cultural-ecology.com/.
Aswani, Shankar, 2011, Homepage, Santa Barbara, CA: University of
California, http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/aswani/.
Brent, Morgan, 2011, Tribes of Creation,
http://www.tribesofcreation.com/index.html.
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David G. Casagrande, 2004, “Professional and Academic Perspectives of
Ecological Anthropology,” The Environmental Education Directory
http://www.enviroeducation.com/interviews/david-casagrande/.
Cunningham, Eric J, 2011, Homepage, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai`i,
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~ericjc/In_the_Pines/Welcome.html.
Fox, Jefferson M., 2011, East-West Center,
http://www.eastwestcenter.org/aboutewc/directory/?class_call=view&staff_ID=41.
Gould, Richard A., 2011, Homepage, Brown University,
http://research.brown.edu/research/profile.php?id=10168.
Headland, Thomas N., 2011, Homepage, Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of
Linguistics, http://www.sil.org/~headlandt/.
Marten, Gerald, 2011, Homepage, http://www.eastwestcenter.org/aboutewc/directory/?class_call=view&staff_ID=938, and
http://www.ecotippingpoints.org.
Padwe, Jonathan, 2011, Homepage, http://www.meatradio.com.
Puri, Rajindra, 2011, Homepage, Canterbury, England: University of Kent
http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/department/staff/rajP.html.
Sponsel, L.E., 2009, “Ecological Anthropology in the University of Hawai`i
at Manoa : Past, Present and Future” paper presented at the American
Anthropological Association and http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel.
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December 15 Th
FINAL EXAMINATION 9:45-11:45 a.m.
(Take-home essays due by noon as email attachment to
[email protected])
FINAL EXAMINATION
Your two essays for the final examination are due by noon on
December 15th as an email attachment to [email protected].
Late papers cannot be accepted.
One or more letter grades will be subtracted from the final
examination score for failure to follow these guidelines.
Please answer both of these TWO questions:
1. Write a critical book review on one of the three course textbooks:
Anderson, Merchant, or Townsend. (Be sure to check an issue of a journal
like Human Ecology to see examples of book reviews, but avoid reading any
published review on the book in question until after you have read the book
and drafted your own review). However, as an example of a book review,
see an essay in the Journal of Political Ecology (1999, v. 6) by Edward
Liebow on the first edition of Townsend’s text at the following web site:
http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_6/liebowvol6.htm.
2. Write an essay focused on substantial conclusions that you have drawn
from your own critical analysis of one of the four primary approaches to
ecological anthropology covered in the class during this semester
Each of these questions comprises 20% of your total course grade.
Around 2-3 pages (typed single-spaced) should be sufficient for each
essay, although some students may need or prefer a little more space.
Be sure to start each essay with an introduction and end each with a
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conclusion. Include subheadings in the text of the essay. Cite sources in the
text of your essay (for example, Merchant pp. 25-26) and include full
citations in the bibliography. (See the Townsend textbook for a standard
format for citations).
Ultimately your final answers must be the product of your own
individual scholarship and creativity. Any plagiarism will be rewarded with
an automatic F for the final course grade and reported to the office of the
Dean. However, you are welcome to consult with any individual as well as
any print and internet resources, although covering the required readings for
the course is by far the most important. Just be careful to properly
acknowledge the source for very specific information, ideas, and the like,
including personal communications (e.g., Charles Robert Darwin, personal
communication). Be sure to include your own insights, comments,
reactions, and criticisms.
The instructor is willing to comment on an outline, draft, or other
initiative in developing your answers to these two essay questions. You can
contact the instructor through email ([email protected]).
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