Coupling the electricity and heat
sectors the key to the transformation of the
energy system
Workshop on Renewables and Energy
Systems Integration
Golden, CO September 2014
Dr. Kurt Rohrig, Fraunhofer IWES
Dr. Dietrich Schmidt, Fraunhofer IBP
Fraunhofer IWES Kassel
Core Competences for Energy Systems Engineering
Energy Economy
and System Design
Energy Networks
System Integration
Energy
System
Engineering
Energy Informatics
Energy Storage
System Technology
Energy Meteorology
and Renewable
Resources
© Fraunhofer IWES
Introduction
© Fraunhofer IWES
Introduction
Two main reasons for the coupling of power and heat


Reduce import of primary energy (oil and gas)
Enlarge flexibility of the electric supply system
Needed actions to foster the coupling of the sectors





Massive isolation of buildings
Implementation of heat pumps and power-to-heat applications
Development of new heating and cooling storage devices
Improvement of (predictive) control strategies
Business-models, business-models, business-models
© Fraunhofer IWES
Primary Energy Demand in Germany – 3600 TWh – 85
Bn Euro
140
120
100
Primary Energy Demand
Electricity
Sector
80
Kosten [Mrd. Euro]
Gutschrift durch Brennstoffeinsparungen
PV
Wind Onshore
Wind Offshore
Andere Erneuerbare
Infrastrukturkosten
E-Mobility
Power2Gas und weitere Speicher
Wärmepumpen
Gebäudeisolation
Kapitalkosten
Deckungsbeitrag (inkl. Kapitalkosten)
Primary Energy Costs
Electricity
Sector
Nuclear
60
40
Black Coal
20
Brown Coal
Gas
0
Oil
-20
Heat
Sector
-40
-60
2005
2010
2015
2020
Mobility
Sector
2025
2030
Szenariojahr
2035
Electricity: high share for primary energy
 but import- and production-cost relative low
Oil and Gas: expensive and hardly to substitute
 used in heat- and mobility-sector
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2040
2045
2050
2055
Transformation of Germany‘s Energy Supply System
Today
2050
3570 TWh
1000 TWh by RES
Electricity
STROM
Electricity
1000 TWh
1440 TWh
Heating
WÄRME
1360 TWh
VERKEHR
Transport
770 TWh
© Fraunhofer IWES
330 TWh
Heatpumps,
Power2Heat
Heating
850 TWh
Transport
330 TWh
120 TWh
E-mobility
235 TWh
Power2Gas
Core Competence: Energy Economy and System Design
Modelling and Simulation of all Components
We are trendsetters in dynamic simulations and future scenarios
for cross-sector aspects of energy supplies
© Fraunhofer IWES
Flexibility by load management / demand side
management
80
80
DSM-Haushalt
Klimatisierung
E-Kfz
Wärmepumpen
60
60
40
40
[GW]
Leistung
Power [GW]
Power [GW]
[GW]
Leistung
residuale Last
20
0
-20
20
0
-20
-40
-40
-60
-60
-80
residuale Last
DSM-Haushalt
Klimatisierung
E-Kfz
Wärmepumpen
25/09
27/09
29/09
01/10
03/10
05/10
07/10
-80
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Tag/Monat
Volllaststunden
Day/Month
Full load hours[h]
Existing electric consumption (electric heating of water, refrigerator washing machine, dishwasher)
New consumers (e-mobile, heat pump, air conditioner)
Industrial load management
© Fraunhofer IWES
Need of Flexibility: Example Schleswig-Holstein /
Hamburg
Limit – Extreme Case 2023 - no Expansion of Transmission Grid
 RES-Curtailment for Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg
 Total: 2,7 TWh
 Economic for P2H: 2,3 TWh and 1,3 GW P2H-Capacity
 1. Grid, 2. P2H, 3. RES-Curtailment
Power Surplus (MW)
Power (MW)
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
0
-1000
-2000
-3000
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Hour of Year
Hours per Year
On
PV
Off
Überschüsse SH+HH
Last SH
Last HH
Last SH + HH
Jahresdauerlinie
© Fraunhofer IWES
wirtschaftlich für PtH
Flexibility option: coupling of electricity and heat Kassel
Heat Pump
Heat Demand [MW]
Stored heat from P2H and CHP
Heat by electricity surplus
Heat Demand
Electricity Surplus
P2H
CHP
Electricity Lack
Electricity and Heat
production by CHP
Electric Residual Load [MW]
© Fraunhofer IWES
Energy supply
scenario‘s




Building
Supply structure
Share of RES
Plant technology
Control and operation
Industrial R&D in
practical use
(Hardware in the
Loop)
Electricity
market
2015- 2050
District
development
Coupling
Electricity – Heat
Generation- Hub
© Fraunhofer IWES
Storage- Hub
PV and cooling: demand site management
PV-Kühllast
PV cooling load
Netzkühllast
Grid cooling load
Kühllast
Coolingohne
loadDSM
without DSM
Raumtemperatur
mit DSM
Room temperature
with DSM
Raumtemperatur
ohne
DSM
Room temperature without DSM
40
loadin [kW]
Cooling
kW
Kühlleistung
50
Büro 1978-1983
- 17.Juli
Office 1978-1983:
17th
of July
Pre-cooling to 22°C
instead of 24°C
40
30
30
20
20
Temperatur in °C
[°C]
Temperature
50
• Increased use of
locally generated
electricity
10
10
• Positive gridinteraction
0
0
• Reduced costs
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
Tagstunden in h
Hours
Cooling load shifting of 3 hours
© Fraunhofer IWES
21
24
Buildings as energy storages
1.09 TWh/K
1,090,000,000 kWh/K
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Future role of buildings
Energy producer
+
Energy storage
© Fraunhofer IWES
=
Stakeholder in a flexible
electricity market
Key: Precise prediction of wind and solar power – local,
Satellite
NWP (0 – 78 h) – Cosmo-EU
regional
Radiation
Temperature
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Installed PV-Capacity
0
1
2
Preprocessing
Classification by age, power
Statistical information of :
- EEG Database
- PV Database (BNetzA)
© Fraunhofer IWES
-inclination, orientation, - WRund efficiency factor
- losses
Physical
Simulation of all
PV plants
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
PV-forecast
MOS
ANN
16
17
18
19
20
21
Conclusion





The transformation of the energy supply system requires a co-ordinated interaction
of the sectors electricity, heat and mobility
The coupling of the sectors increases the flexibility of the system and decreases
the cost for fossil primary energy
The coupling of electricity and heat requires a massive implementation of heat
pumps, power-to-heat applications, CHP and a large effort for isolation of buildings
The interaction is supported by smart solutions in system technology for demand
side management and grid management
The feed-in of wind and solar energy into the supply system will be increased by
precise prediction systems – on local and regional level – and adapted to energy
management systems
© Fraunhofer IWES
Fraunhofer Institut for Wind Energy and
Energy System Technology
Research Spectrum:
 Wind Energy from Materials to Grid Integration
 Energy System Technology for all Renewables
 Fraunhofer IWES | Kassel
Direktor: Prof. Dr. Clemens Hoffmann
 Fraunhofer IWES | Nordwest
Direktor: Prof. Dr. Andreas Reuter
 Anual Budget: ca. 32 Mio. Euro
 Staff: ca. 500
www.iwes.fraunhofer.de
[email protected]
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Systemic approach for innovative urban development
With 10 Fraunhofer-Institutes and value-partners
Business models
player
System
Competence
Process
Competence
processes
technologies
interfaces
Information & ICT
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Governance & planning
Fraunhofer IAO
Water infrastructure
Fraunhofer IGB, Fraunhofer ISI
Security and protection
Fraunhofer IFF
Energy and Resources
Fraunhofer IWES
Production & Logistics
Fraunhofer IML, Fraunhofer IPA
Resource cycles
Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Fraunhofer ISC
Mobility & traffic
Fraunhofer IAO
Buildings
Fraunhofer IBP
Economic development &
business innovation
Fraunhofer IAO, ETG, LSE Cities
© Fraunhofer IWES
At the Threshold to the Age of Electricity Transport and
Storage
P
Early
Phase
Late
Phase
Renewable
Sources
Fossil Sources
t
P
P
Fossil Fuels
Locally
this Situation
can occur
today
SurplusenergyUse
A
Renewables
Balancing
Fossil Fuels
Renewables
t
Early Phase: Low Level of RES
Surplus and Deficits Characterize Energy Supply
© Fraunhofer IWES
t
Late Phase: High Level of RES
Concluding remarks
• Energy efficiency is our
biggest energy source
• Think renewable energies
and energy efficiency
always together
• Integration of all
subsystems is our future
task!
© Fraunhofer IWES