REVIEW FOR 2ND 6 WEEKS, 6 WEEKS TEST
1. What is mercantilism and how did it affect the colonies? The colonies sent raw materials to
England and bought finished goods from England. They controlled the ability of the colonies to
trade with other countries and the colonies existed only for the good of England.
2. What are the key provisions of the Navigation Acts? All shipping had to be done in ships made
either in England or in British colonies; tobacco, wood, and sugar could only be traded to
England or among English colonies; if the colonies imported something from another country it
had to pass through England first (to be taxed); any goods traded to a country other than
England had to be taxed before they left port
3. What are key provisions of these acts (and dates of them) and which provision did the colonists
hate the most:
a. Townsend Act – 1767; import tax on lead, glass, paper, paint, tea
b. Sugar Act - 1764
c. Stamp Act – 1765; tax on legal documents that had to be paid in silver coins
d. Quartering Act – 1765; troops were to be housed in colonists’ homes
e. Intolerable Acts – 1774; closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the tea
destroyed in the Boston Tea Party
4. What was dictated in the Proclamation of 1763? Colonists could not settle west of the
Appalachians; King George didn’t want to try to protect them from the Native Americans in
that area.
5. Describe details of the Boston Massacre (people, what happened, dates): 1770; soldiers and
dock workers got into a fight; Crispus Attucks was killed along with four other unarmed
colonists; this event helped to incite the rebellion
6. What were key contributions of:
a. Thomas Paine: wrote “Common Sense” to encourage a complete break with Britain;
wrote “The American Crisis” to encourage Patriots to continue the rebellion
b. Patrick Henry: “Give me liberty or give me death.”
c. John Hancock: helped to start the Sons of Liberty; was one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence
d. Sam Adams: helped start the Sons of Liberty and was the main leader of the group
e. George Washington: Commander in Chief of the Continental Army
f.
John Paul Jones: “I have not yet begun to fight!”; defeated the British ship Serapis; first
important American naval hero
g. Nathan Hale: hanged by the British for being a spy; famous quote – “I only regret that I
have but one life to give for my country.”
7. What are the dates and a brief result of each of the following:
a. French and Indian War: 1754-1763; British and French fought for control of the Ohio
River Valley and the fur trade there.
b. Beginning and ending years of the revolution: 1775(Lexington and Concord)-1783
(Treaty of Paris)
c. U.S. Constitution written: 1787
d. George Washington takes oath of office: 1789
8. What were the key people and ideas of the Enlightenment? All people have god given rights;
science and reason increased as the basis of explaining the universe and nature; Franklin, Locke,
Newton, Gallileo, Voltaire, Montesquieu
9. List some of the key grievances the colonists had against King George III: quartering troops,
taxation without representation, no jury trial, dissolved the colonial representative assemblies
10. What were advantages of the Americans and British in the Revolution? Americans: outstanding
military leaders, knowledge of the land, fighting for a cause, help from France and Spain
British: one third of the colonists were loyalists, outstanding navy, well-trained army, money to
fight the war; well organized government
11. What were key events, dates, and the significance of each of these:
a. Lexington and Concord – 1775; start of the Revolution; Shot Heard Round the World
b. Battle of Saratoga – 1777; Burgoyne surrendered; France and Spain begin to help the
Patriots openly; Benedict Arnold defected to the British
c. Battle of Yorktown – 1781; Corwallis was defeated by Washington on land and the
French fleet at sea; last major battle of the Revolution
d. Winter at Valley Forge – winter of 177-78; great hardship; 2500 died of disease, hunger
and freezing to death
e. Treaty of Paris – 1783; ended the American Revolution; U.S. recognized as independent;
borders are Canada, the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida
12. What was the difference between the war efforts and strategies of the British in the various
regions (New England, Middle, Southern)? The British fought mostly in the old European style
regardless of the region or terrain. Patriots adopted guerrilla style tactics when they were
suitable and used them mostly in the South.
13. Define:
a. Strategy – an overall plan for something; in this case an overall plan for war
b. Guerrilla Warfare – fighting with sneak attacks, hiding behind trees and bushes, trying to
drag the war out and simply wear down the opponent
c. Totalitarianism – rule by few
d. Communism – rule by few
e. Democracy – rule by many; power should come from the people
f.
Dictator – rule by one
g. Monarchy – emperor, queen, king, rule by one unless a parliamentary monarchy
h. Taxation without Representation – one of the most important grievances of the Patriots;
they had no representation in the Parliament that was putting taxes on them
i.
Minuteman – colonial militia man who was expected to be ready to fight “at a
moment’s notice”
j.
Tea Act – passed in 1773 to keep the colonists from smuggling tea in from Holland
k. Battle of Trenton and Princeton – where Washington crossed the Delaware River to
attack the Hessians; it was a huge Patriot victory