1 Closed Syllable
What do these words have in common?
at
stamps
crisp in end kept prompt up club
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
This kind of syllable is called closed. The abbreviation is cl. Why
do you think it has this name?
__________________________________________________________
Fold back this bottom section, or place a sheet of paper over it. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Please copy this page as an overhead transparency to introduce closed
syllables. Record the following correct responses in any order.
1. All of these words have only one vowel.
2. The vowel is followed by one or more consonants on the right side.
3. The vowel is short. Mark the vowels immediately after students discover that all of the
vowels are short.
4. All are one-syllable words. This type of syllable is called closed because the vowel is closed
in by one or more consonants on the right side.
4b Short Vowel Signals ff, ll, ss, zz
English has several short vowel signals, which come right after the short vowel. They say,
"The vowel in front of me is short!" Some of the most common short vowel signals are ll as
in fill, ss as in miss, ff, as in whiff, and sometimes zz as in jazz. All of them have a single
sound. These words do not follow the rule: as, has, gas, was, is, if, his, us, bus, quiz,
whiz, and yes.
Draw lines from the word starters on the left to the short vowel signals on the right. Then
write the new words on another sheet of paper. Read the new words.
1. sta
ss
5. spi
ss
9. swe
ss
2. cla
ll
6. dre
ll
10. pre
ll
3. ja
ff
7. fi
ff
11. fri
ff
4. be
zz
8. sni
zz
12. cli
zz
Use the words in the box to complete the expressions:
class shell fall fill miss
wall wills cliff call dress
1. __________ the bill
6. __________ it quits
2. hit the __________
7. __________ in love
3. __________ up
8. a test of ___________
4. hit or __________
9. a __________ act
5. walk on egg__________
10. a __________ hanger
Write six rhyming words for bill: ____________________________________________
Write five rhyming words for call: ______________________________________________
Write four rhyming words for mess: ____________________________________________
Write three rhyming words for whiff: ___________________________________________
4e Syllabication Practice
Do you remember what a closed syllable is? Closed syllables have three things in
common. What are they?
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
In the last lesson, you learned the second rule of syllabication. Do you remember it? If not,
here it is one more time.
Second Rule
of Syllabication
A word that has two consonants between two vowels is
divided between the consonants (ad-mit). Do not divide
between consonant digraphs.
Highlight the vowels in the words below. Then draw a red line between the consonants in
the middle. Next, write the words in syllables, separated by dashes. Finally, mark the
vowels. When you’re done, read the words at your teacher's direction.
1. expand
_____ĕx – pănd___________________________
2. invent
___________________________________________
3. affect
___________________________________________
4. helmet
___________________________________________
5. expect
___________________________________________
6. intend
___________________________________________
7. insect
___________________________________________
8. trespass
___________________________________________
9. fishnet
___________________________________________
10. inject
___________________________________________
11. embellish ___________________________________________
12. establish
___________________________________________
Draw the pictures of the prompts for short a, short i, and short e in the space below.
1 Vowel-Consonant-e Syllable
What do these words have in common?
ate scrape hike smile eve these drove broke cute use
1.
____________________________________________________________________________
2.
____________________________________________________________________________
3.
____________________________________________________________________________
4.
____________________________________________________________________________
This type of syllable is called vowel-consonant-e. The
abbreviation is vce. What does the abbreviation vce mean?
______________________________________________________________________________
Fold back this bottom section, or place a sheet of paper over it._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Please copy this page as an overhead transparency to introduce vowelconsonant-e syllables. Record the following correct responses in any order.
1. All are one-syllable words. (Every syllable has only one vowel sound; silent vowels don’t count.)
2. Each word has two vowels. The second vowel is always an e.
3. A consonant is between the vowels.
4. The first vowel is long; the e is silent.
Mark the vowels immediately after students discover that the first vowel in each word is long and the e is silent
(āte) .
The abbreviation vce stands for vowel-consonant-e.
2a Long a, Fourth Rule of Syllabication
The long a sound is easy to learn because it says its own name. Do you remember the
pattern of vowel-consonant-e syllables? The first vowel is long, followed by a consonant
and a silent e. The silent e has the power to make the first vowel long. Mark it like this:
lāte .
Say the following words and listen to the long a sound in each of them.
1. made
2. cake
3. ate
4. grape
Read the words below and mark the vowels. Write the name of the syllable next to each
one. Use the abbreviation cl for closed syllables and the abbreviation vce for vowelconsonant-e syllables. Then read the words.
1. made ____
5. stamp ____
9. blade ____
13. snack ____
17. brave ____
2. mad ____
6. shape ____
10. flask ____
14. blaze ____
18. scrape ____
3. back ____
7. plate ____
11. skate ____
15. plant ____
19. scrap ____
4. bake ____
8. ants
12. snake ____
16. quake ____
20. strand ____
Fourth Rule
of Syllabication
____
Divide a vowel-consonant-e syllable after the silent e.
Highlight the vowels in the following words and draw a red line between the syllables.
Then draw a line from the first syllable of each word to the correct syllable abbreviation on
the left. Next, draw a line from the second syllable of each word to the correct syllable
abbreviation on the right. Finally, read the words.
cl
pref
inflate
takeoff
stalemate
handmade
engrave
blameless
shameful
cl
s
vce
exhale
makeshift
vce
On the back, write five rhyming words for save, five for late, and five for cake.
1 R-Controlled Syllable What do these words have in common?
art March or sport shirt birth her clerk fur turn
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
We call this type of syllable r-controlled. The abbreviation is rc.
Why do you think it has this name?
__________________________________________________________
Fold back this bottom section, or place a sheet of paper over it._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Please copy this page as an overhead transparency to introduce rcontrolled syllables. Record the following correct responses in any order.
1. All of the words have only one vowel.
2. The vowels are followed by the letter r.
3. The letter r controls the vowel and changes it to say ar as in art and or as in sport. The other three
vowels have the same sound: ur as in turn, ir as in birth, and er as in her.
4. All are one-syllable words.
Mark the vowels by circling the vowel and the r, art.
This syllable is called r-controlled because the r changes the vowel sounds.
3a R-Controlled Syllable or The r-controlled vowel or is not long or short. The letter r controls the o and changes it to
say or as in for, fork, and born. A syllable that contains the or combination is called an rcontrolled syllable. When the or sound comes at the end of a one-syllable word, it is
followed by silent e, except for the words or, nor, and for. Words such as bore, tore, and
more are still considered r-controlled syllables; however, the e is silent, so cross it out.
The letter r is part of an r-controlled vowel. The abbreviation is rc. We mark it by circling
the vowel and the r sport.
Read the following words and highlight the vowels. Write the vowel sound next to each
word and mark it.
1. sport
____
7. broke
____
13. core
____
19. close
____
2. moth
____
8. shore
____
14. grove
____
20. scorn
____
3. north
____
9. torch
____
15. storm
____
21. cord
____
4. spoke
____
10. prod
____
16. honk
____
22. port
____
5. slot
____
11. chore
____
17. cork
____
23. rock
____
6. short
____
12. stork
____
18. throb
____
24. norm
____
On another sheet of paper write five rhyming words for port and five for torn.
Read the following story first. Go back over it and underline or highlight all of the words
with ar and or.
An American Explorer
Robert E. Peary (short e) loved to travel to cold places in the far North. While
exploring Greenland in the 1890s, he hiked 600 miles over snow and ice to map the area.
Afterwards, he informed the world that Greenland was not part of a continent. Instead, it
was a large island.
Peary had an even bigger goal for himself. He wanted to be the first human to reach
the North Pole! Before he started, he organized an exploring party of six hardy men. Their
ship departed from the port of New York in July 1908. While stopping at a port in Canada,
Peary hired 17 Eskimos to support this enormous effort.
In March 1909, he set sail for the frozen North. His ship carried 23 men, 133 dogs,
and 17 dog sleds. Because the days were short, they traveled mostly in darkness. They
endured bitter cold and harsh storms. Peary's remarkable party made history on April 6,
1909. On that date, they recorded planting the American flag on the North Pole.
(Paraphrased from 100 Years of Adventure and Discovery, National Geographic Society,
1987)
1 Vowel-Vowel Syllable
What do these words have in common?
aim
stay
eat
steam
sweep
tree
pie
tie
roast
throat
due
fruit
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
This kind of syllable is called vowel-vowel. The abbreviation is
vv. Why do you think it has this name?
___________________________________________________________
Fold back this bottom section, or place a sheet of paper over it._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Please copy this page as an overhead transparency to introduce vowelvowel syllables. Record correct responses in any order.
1. All of the words have two vowels next to each other.
2. The first vowel is long.
3. The second vowel is silent. Mark the vowels right after students discover the sounding rule.
4. They are all one-syllable words. Remind students that every syllable has only one vowel sound.
Another important concept is that the two vowels must be kept in the same syllable. Do not
divide between them.
This type of syllable is called vowel-vowel because two vowels are next to each other. The vowelvowel syllable is not to be confused with diphthongs. Diphthongs also have two vowels next to each
other, but they follow an arbitrary sounding rule that must be memorized.
5a Prefix Group Work
Write down five words that start with these prefixes. (For numbers 8 and 9, write two for
each.) Next, deduce the definition of each prefix. Save your list because this is your studyguide for the test.
1. fore– _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
2. tele– ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
3. inter–
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
4. a–
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
5. bio–
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
6. per– _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
7. auto– _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
8. in–, im–, il–, ir– _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
9. con–, com–, col–, cor–________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________Definition:_______________________________
9b Latin Roots duct, duc, and duce
Use the roots duct, duc, or duce with the listed prefixes and suffixes to create words.
Prefixes
ab
aque
con
de
intro
pro
re
Root
duc(t)
duce
Suffixes
er
ible
ive
or
(t)ion
1. prefix + root + suffix: the director of an orchestra _______________________
2. prefix + root + suffix: The beginning of a book ________________________
3. prefix + root: To take an amount off a bill, to lessen a charge ____________________
4. prefix + prefix + root + suffix: A copy of a work of art ________________________
5. prefix + root + suffix: A person who finances and supervises the making
of a movie ______________________
6. prefix + prefix + root + suffix: able to be copied easily _________________________
7. prefix + root: A canal that transports water from rivers to farms or cities _________________
8. prefix + root + suffix: The transfer of heat through metal. ________________________
9. prefix + root: Noun: fresh vegetables, verb: to create, to make _______________________
10. prefix + root: A kidnapping _______________________
11. prefix + root + suffix: Describes a person who gets a lot done _______________________
What do the roots duct, duc, and duce mean? _____________________________________
Write four verbs that have a prefix and the root duce:
______________________________________________________________________________
Change three of the above verbs to nouns:
______________________________________________________________________________