Mycology - Exam 1 1 Fungi – General characteristics • Mycology – myco, myce • Eukaryotic, aerobic • Heterotrophic – Complex nutritional requirements • Nutritional sources – Saprophytic • Decomposers – Opportunistic parasites • Host is usually compromised 2 Fungal cells • Cell wall composition – Thick layers of Chitin • Indigestable polysaccharide • Spores • Dormant resistant forms – Dormant = metabolically inactive – Asexual spores • Clones – Sexual spores • Product of reproduction 3 Yeast cell anatomy image 4 Fungal Morphology • Dimorphic • found in two physical forms – Yeasts • Single celled fungi – Molds • Multicelled filaments = Hyphae – Mycelium – hyphal mass – Mushrooms 5 Dimorphism in fungi image 6 Yeast cells and yeast hyphae 7 Fungal hyphae forms image 8 Hyphae forms photos 9 Mold mycelium photo 10 Mixed fungal culture photo BIO 205 - Spring 2007 1 Mycology - Exam 1 11 Fungal reproduction • Asexual – Haploid spores formed on hyphae – Fragmentation • Broken fragments of hyphae • Sexual – Two mating hyphae types fuse and produce spores 12 Types of asexual fungal spores image 13 Asexual modes of reproduction photos 14 Spore germination image 15 Mold germination and reproduction 16 Mycotic infection Types = Mycoses • Superficial – Non-living hair,skin, nails surfaces • Intermediate – penetrated surfaces – Deep Cutaneous – Mucosal surfaces • oral, respiratory, genital, gastrointestinal • Systemic - internal – Usually begins in lung tissue – Spreads to other major organs 17 Mycotic infections image 18 Superficial mycoses Athletes foot, Jock itch Caused by dermatophytes (mold) Dermophyton or Tricophyton Symptoms include rash &itching 19 Intermediate mycoses • Yeasts and molds – Candida – ‘yeast infection’ – Mucor – Dermophyton or Tricophyton 20 Systemic mycoses • Mostly occur in compromised patients • Yeasts, molds – Histoplasma – Blastomyces – Coccidiodes BIO 205 - Spring 2007 2 Mycology - Exam 1 – Pneumocystis – Cryptococcus 21 Systemic mycotic infections 22 Respiratory fungal agents map 23 Coccidiodes imitis dimorphism image 24 Coccidiodes infection cycle image 25 Coccidiodes imitis photos 26 Histoplasma infection cycle image 27 Rhizopus photos 28 Aspergillus photo - Food and produce 29 Penicillium photos - Food and produce 30 Saccharomyces photo 31 Alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces image BIO 205 - Spring 2007 3
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