Fungal hyphae forms image Hyphae forms photos

Mycology - Exam 1
1
Fungi – General characteristics
• Mycology – myco, myce
• Eukaryotic, aerobic
• Heterotrophic
– Complex nutritional requirements
• Nutritional sources
– Saprophytic
• Decomposers
– Opportunistic parasites
• Host is usually compromised
2
Fungal cells
• Cell wall composition
– Thick layers of Chitin
• Indigestable polysaccharide
• Spores
• Dormant resistant forms
– Dormant = metabolically inactive
– Asexual spores
• Clones
– Sexual spores
• Product of reproduction
3
Yeast cell anatomy image
4
Fungal Morphology
• Dimorphic
• found in two physical forms
– Yeasts
• Single celled fungi
– Molds
• Multicelled filaments = Hyphae
– Mycelium – hyphal mass
– Mushrooms
5
Dimorphism in fungi image
6
Yeast cells and yeast hyphae
7
Fungal hyphae forms image
8
Hyphae forms photos
9
Mold mycelium photo
10
Mixed fungal culture photo
BIO 205 - Spring 2007
1
Mycology - Exam 1
11
Fungal reproduction
• Asexual
– Haploid spores formed on hyphae
– Fragmentation
• Broken fragments of hyphae
• Sexual
– Two mating hyphae types fuse and produce spores
12
Types of asexual fungal spores image
13
Asexual modes of reproduction photos
14
Spore germination image
15
Mold germination and reproduction
16
Mycotic infection Types = Mycoses
• Superficial
– Non-living hair,skin, nails surfaces
• Intermediate – penetrated surfaces
– Deep Cutaneous
– Mucosal surfaces
• oral, respiratory, genital, gastrointestinal
• Systemic - internal
– Usually begins in lung tissue
– Spreads to other major organs
17
Mycotic infections image
18
Superficial mycoses
ƒ Athletes foot, Jock itch
ƒ Caused by dermatophytes (mold)
ƒ Dermophyton or Tricophyton
ƒ Symptoms include rash &itching
19
Intermediate mycoses
• Yeasts and molds
– Candida – ‘yeast infection’
– Mucor
– Dermophyton or Tricophyton
20
Systemic mycoses
• Mostly occur in compromised patients
• Yeasts, molds
– Histoplasma
– Blastomyces
– Coccidiodes
BIO 205 - Spring 2007
2
Mycology - Exam 1
– Pneumocystis
– Cryptococcus
21
Systemic mycotic infections
22
Respiratory fungal agents map
23
Coccidiodes imitis dimorphism image
24
Coccidiodes infection cycle image
25
Coccidiodes imitis photos
26
Histoplasma infection cycle image
27
Rhizopus photos
28
Aspergillus photo - Food and produce
29
Penicillium photos - Food and produce
30
Saccharomyces photo
31
Alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces image
BIO 205 - Spring 2007
3