SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES
FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS
ROELAND HUYS
PUBLIC
GLOBAL HEALTHCARE SPENDING IS ON THE RISE
17.4% = 2.6T
9.6% = $1.9T
8.5% = $1.2T
HEALTHCARE SPENDING PER CAPITA IN KUWAIT
$ 1000
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
3
2010
2012
2014
Source: http://data.worldbank.org
WHICH ARE THE GREATEST HEALTHCARE COSTS?
US 2010:
$2.6T
Chronic disease
19%
Other
§75% of $2.6T
§7/10 deaths
31%
Hospital care
10%
Drugs
Alzheimer's
$150-170B
Lung disease
20%
Other care
Diabetes
20%
Physician/clinical
Nursing home care
Home health care
Professional services
Data from Martin A.B., et al., Health Affairs, 2012.
$430B
Cardiovascular
0
4
$B
500
PRODUCTIVITY COST
Cancer
1.5%
of world
GDP
(2008)
Data from cancer.org
DALY = disability-adjusted life-year
2012:
$1250B
DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS IN THE ARAB WORLD
Includes Epidemic outbreaks e.g.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(MERS-CoV), camel flu
6
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE THERAPIES IS HUGELY
EXPENSIVE
$1.8B
for a new
molecular
entity
Data from a recent report by the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and
Steven M. Paul, et al., “How to improve R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry’s grand
challenge,” Nature Reviews 9, 203 (2010).
TRENDS IN MEDICINE TOWARDS BETTER PREVENTION AND IMPROVED THERAPIES
New R&D tools:
Genomics, proteomics,
transcriptomics, …
New drug development
Targeted drugs, precision
medicine
Personalized Medicine, gene
therapies, cell therapies
Improve healthcare efficiency
Prevention: monitor lifestyle
Detect diseases earlier
Reduce time spent in hospital
Develop new treatments and therapies
Improve drug development cycle
Detect and prevent
epidemic outbreaks
Patient monitoring,
Patient compliance
Top diseases:
Cancer
Cardiovascular
Diabetes, urogenital, blood
Infectious diseases
Mental and Neurological diseases
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Precision Diagnostics
Consumer diagnostics
AND NOW…
SOMETHING COMPLETELY DIFFERENT
9
1011
increase in
operations/s/$
1950
$6,000,000
1000’s kg
cm-sized switches
5,000 operations/sec
2016
$500
138 grams
3.3 Billion,16nm-sized switches
87 gigaflops
IMEC’S TECHNOLOGIES ENABLING INTERNET-OF-HEALTH
COMPACT AND LOWPOWER SENSORS
ECG PATCH
SAMSUNG DIGITAL HEALTH EMPOWERED BY
IMEC MULTI-SENSOR PLATFORM
HYPERSPECTRAL TECHNOLOGY
IMEC LIFE SCIENCES
SMART RFID TAGS
SMART CONTACT LENS
SENSING AND INTERACTION WITH
TISSUES, CELLS, DNA AND PROTEINS
APPLICATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES R&D, DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS
FROM SILICON CHIP DEVELOPMENT TO BIOLOGY
IMEC’S IN-HOUSE CAPABILITIES
Silicon chip processing
>1B$ infrastructure
200mm and 300mm clean rooms
Std. 130nm down to 40nm
MEMS, in-line testing
We offer a flexible approach for
custom integration, prototyping and
manufacturing and transfer
Smart Electronics
Low-power circuit and
instrumentation design,
Novel imager design and
technology, photonics and optical
design, hyperspectral filters, MEMS
sensors, novel transducer
technologies, wearable devices
12
Silicon-Bio materials
Biolabs
Bio-compatible materials such as
Polymers, dielectrics, self-assembled
monolayers, electrode materials,
optical materials
Novel components such as optical
and electrical biosensors,
microfluidics, optical components
In-house testing capabilities:
Cell cultures, Animal testing, Blood
testing, Molecular biology
Experienced researchers with a
biology, chemistry or biomedical
background, and >1000 m2 of Biolabs
WE ARE EXPERTS IN SILICON CHIP TECHNOLOGY
ADVANTAGES OF USING SILICON CHIP TECHNOLOGY
Microfluidics
Reduced sample size and reagent cost
Silicon or Polymer based microfluidic integration
Integrated sample preparation: mixing, filtration
Embedding of Silicon chip in plastic cartridge
Integrated optics
Integrated workflows, on-chip sample prep
Disposable, fully enclosed microfluidics system
Compact instrumentation
On-chip optical components such as filters,
couplers, lens structures, …
On-chip microscopy
Integrated sensor solutions
Improved optical alignment, vibration resistivity
Improved efficiency, higher sensitivity
Parallelization: increase of throughput
Downscaling of sensing unit
MEMS-based or electrical biosensors
Novel materials: bio-compatible and effective
Customized electronics
Parallelization: increase of sensitivity
Nanotechnology: single-molecule interaction
Integrated self-testing and calibration
Custom imager design
Instrumentation circuits, integrated data acquisition
Ultra-low power design
13
User friendly, connectedness, data safety
Longer battery life time
WE HAVE PARTNERED WITH A WIDE RANGE OF ORGANISATIONS
14
DNA SEQUENCING: APPLICATIONS
HUMAN GENOME
Applications
Molecular biology
understand our genetic code
≈ 20,000 genes
genetic code of viruses
≈ 3 Billion base pairs
Medicine
4 base pairs: ATCG
genetic diseases
Drug discovery
develop new, more effective drugs
Diagnostics
identification of cancer and infectious
diseases
Therapy
personalized medicine
Forensics
Plant biology, GMO’s, precision
farming
15
DNA SEQUENCING: COST PER GENOME
HIGH-QUALITY GENOMIC DATA REQUIRES POWERFUL
INSTRUMENTATION
Pacific Biosciences RSII
EXAMPLE CUSTOMER APPLICATION
IMEC DEVELOPED AND MANUFACTURES WORLD’S MOST ADVANCED NEXT-GENERATION
DNA SEQUENCING CHIP FOR PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES
SMRT CONSUMABLES
- Sample-to-sequencing in a day
- Cost-effective, scalable workflows
- Flexible protocols support a variety of
sample types and insert sizes
SEQUEL SYSTEM
7x faster, 3x smaller, half the price
Rapid sequencing time: 0.5 to 6 hrs
Serially process up to 16 SMRT Cells in a single
run with walkaway automation
Source: http://www.pacb.com
Copyright Pacific Biosciences
Read the press release: http://www2.imec.be/be_en/press/imec-news/pacificbiosciences.html
18
REVOLUTIONIZING CANCER RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTICS
Circulating tumor cells
19
Specifications:
IMEC’S ON-CHIP CELL SORTER SYSTEM
ON-CHIP MICROSCOPY
•
•
•
•
•
•
Area: 1 mm2 / channel
5000 cells/sec/channel achieved
Sorted purity: >98%
1m/s cell speed
Monolythic microfluidic chip
No moving parts: excellent
durability
FLUORESCENT DETECTION
Rapid on-chip sorting
21
REVOLUTIONIZING BRAIN RESEARCH
EXAMPLE OF EXTREME SCALING OF INSTRUMENTATION AND MICROMACHINING
<100 um bending after stress engineering
384: Highest possible number of recording channels
966: Highest possible number of electrodes
20 µm: Thinnest, lightest for minimal tissue damage
The only true volume manufacturable bain implant chip
Applications
tetrode-like
Brain research
In-vivo drug screening
Implants for closed-loop therapies
Future medical devices: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Peripheral Nerve System
22
site layout
REVOLUTIONIZING NON-INVASIVE BLOOD SENSING
23
DIABETES EPIDEMIC
346M worldwide
~10% of population in developed regions
1/3 doesn’t know
Diabetes Atlas 3rd Ed., international Diabetes Foundation, 2006
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AS A CONVENIENT GLUCOSE SENSOR
25
Lipson, et al., “Requirements for Calibration in Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring by Raman
Spectroscopy,” Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2009
KEY: MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION OF SINX PHOTONICS ON TOP OF
STANDARD IMAGER TECHNOLOGY
back-to-back segmented out-couplers
aligned to pixels
back-reflecting mirror
blocking layer
light
TiN
SiO2
SiN
SiO2
© IMEC 2012 - CONFIDENTIAL
26
REVOLUTIONIZING CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS
© IMEC 2012 - CONFIDENTIAL
27
miDiagnostics
60M€ series A
Accurate diagnostics anywhere, anytime for anyone
¡ Low-cost, Si-based disposable
¡
¡
¡
¡
Sensitivity and specificity that matches reference
methods
Multi-omic
¡
¡
health tracking
app + web
services
PCB with
radio, power,
control
No separate instrument
Quantitative, accurate and clinically relevant
¡
¡
Leveraging standard semiconductor manufacturing:
scalable to low-cost mass production
Small form factor
Use ubiquitous device as interface (e.g.
smartphone)
¡
smart phone
Integration of various assay and sensor types on
one platform
Currently 4 different “pathways” planned
Detection chip
Wireless link
Fluidics chip
disposable
microfabricated test
flexible:
blood, saliva, urine
<10 grams
<1 cm3
~$10
<15 min
Package
2-4 cm
~1 cm
OTHER APPLICATIONS OF LIFE SCIENCES TECHNOLOGIES
SPORTS AND LIFESTYLE
VETENARY
Athlete performance, blood
levels
Nutrition advice and
monitoring
Preventive medicine
Animal health:
Genetics: inheritable diseases
Genealogy
FOOD AND WATER
QUALITY
AGRICULTURE
Plant biology
Precision farming
GMO’s
Bacterial infections in food
and water
Food Allergies
Food Authenticity
29
PUBLIC