KINGDOM
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC
CELL TYPE
ANIMALIA
ORGANIZATION (NUMBER OF CELLS)
CELL WALL MATERIAL
NUTRITION
REPRODUCTION
HABITAT
SPECIAL FEATURES OF ANIMALS
More than a million living species of animals are organized into ~35 major groups (phyla).
As diverse as they are, animals share key characteristics that, taken together, separate them from other organisms.
In addition to those mentioned above, all animals:

are motile at some point in their life cycle

produce an embryo that undergoes various stages during embryonic development
CLASSIFYING ANIMALS
Animals and plants have similar evolutionary histories that trace the movement of an ancestral organism from the
water onto land.
Although there is much diversity found among the ~35 animal phyla, the following characteristics may be used to
classify animals:
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
One of the main characteristics
used to classify animals is via the
presence or absence of a backbone.
Vertebrates – 2% of animals
(~57,739 species)
Invertebrates – 98% of animals
(~2 million species)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Cellular Organization:
Cells --> _____________ --> _____________ --> _____________________--> Organism
TISSUE
Frayer Model
BODY SYMMETRY AND BODY PLAN

A specie's unique body structure is called its body plan.

A body plan ("blueprint") includes structural details such as type of symmetry, presence of a body cavity,
embryonic development, segmentation, presence of a head, placement & number of limbs, mobility, and
presence of a backbone.

The body plan symmetry may fall into one of three types:
DESCRIPTION:
(ASYMMETRICAL)
SYMMETRY
SYMMETRY
DESCRIPTION:
DESCRIPTION:
EXAMPLE ORGANISMS:
EXAMPLE ORGANISMS:
EXAMPLE ORGANISMS:
SEGMENTATION

The division of the body into repetitive sections, or segments (eg. worms, centipedes, scorpions).

3 Advantages to segmentation include:
① _______________________________________________________________________________________
② _______________________________________________________________________________________
③ _______________________________________________________________________________________
MOVEMENT
sea aneome

Evolution of nerve and muscle tissue in animals allowed for complex, fast movement -->
aids in obtaining food.

Some animals are ______________ (stationary) as adults - they live attached to one place
(rock, ocean floor, etc.), but were capable of movement during juvenile stages of
development.
REPRODUCTION

Most animals reproduce sexually using gametes (sex cells), thus life begins as a zygote when a sperm fertilizes
an egg.
METHOD OF FERTILIZATION
DESCRIPTION
Internal Fertilization
External Fertilization

Few, but some, animals reproduce asexually (e.g. aphids)
PHYLOGENIC TREE OF ANIMALS
The phylogenetic tree shown
summarizes one set of hypotheses
about the evolutionary
relationship among several of the
~35 animal phyla.
Each branching point represents
an important evolutionary step.
EXAMPLE ORGANISMS
INVERTEBRATES

Of the ~35 animal phyla, invertebrates are divided into 34 different phyla, while vertebrates belong to the
phylum Chordata.

Examples of invertebrate phyla include: (refer to pgs.114-118 for images)

Profiera - eg. _______________________________________________

Cinidaria - eg. ______________________________________________

Platyhelminthes - eg. ________________________________________

Nemotoda - eg. _____________________________________________

Annelida - eg. ______________________________________________

Mollusca - eg. ______________________________________________
o

Arthropoda - eg. ___________________________________________
o

second-most diverse animal phylum - ~100,000 different species
most diverse (largest) animal phylum - >1 million different species (>80% total animal species)....most
of which are INSECTS!
Echinodermata - eg. _________________________________________
Phylum Arthropoda
Identify 3 distiguishing features of Arthropods:
① ____________________________________________________
② ____________________________________________________
③ ____________________________________________________
Use the information in Table 3.5 (p.118) to outline the characteristics of the Arthropod Groups
ARTHROPOD GROUP
APPENDAGES
(EG. LEGS)
ANTENNAE
BODY
SEGMENTS
OTHER
EXAMPLE
ORGANISMS
VERTEBRATES
Phylum Chordata
In the phylum Chordata, most animals are vertebrates and are divided into 5 major groups:
Group/Class of
Phylum Chordata
Endothermic or
Ectothermic
Habitat
Method of
Fertilization
Example Organisms
Identify 2 major features that are common to Chordates:
① ___________________________________________________________________________________________
② ___________________________________________________________________________________________
o
o
o
Two unique features of vertebrates are a skull and a backbone (vertebrae - sing. vertebra). These
skeletal features protect the main parts of the animal's nervous system.
skull - encases the brain
vertebrae - series of skeletal segments that enclose the spinal cord
Distinguish between Endothermic vs. Ectothermic organisms.
Endothermic - _____________________________________________________________________________________
Ectothermic - _____________________________________________________________________________________
Class Mammalia
Identify 5 distinguishing features that mammals have in common and their functions:
DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF MAMMAL
FUNCTION(S)
The Class Mammalia can be divided into 3 main groups:
Use the information in Table 3.6 (p.123) to outline the characteristics of the Mammal Groups
MAMMAL GROUP
DISTINGUISHING
CHARACTERISTICS
PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF LIVING VERTEBRATES
This phylogenic tree is one set of hypothesis for
the evolutionary history of living vertebrates.
The branching points represent important steps
in vertebrate evolution.
CLASS
PHYLUM
CHORDATA
WHERE ARE THEY
FOUND?
EXAMPLE ORGANISMS