Chapter 1: Demographics of Members of Congress
Table of Contents
Number
Title
Page
1-1
Apportionment of Congressional Seats, by Region and State, 1910 - 2010 (435 seats)
1
1-2
Democratic Party Strength in the House, by Region, 69th-114th Congresses, 1925 - 2015
4
1-3
Democratic and Republican Seats in the House, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses,
1925 - 2015
7
1-4
Democratic Party Strength in the Senate, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses, 1925 2015
10
1-5
Democratic and Republican Seats in the Senate, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses,
1925 - 2016
13
1-6
Seniority of Representatives, 1953 - 2015
16
1-7
Seniority of Senators, 1953 - 2015
20
1-8
Prior Occupations of Representatives, 83rd - 114th Congresses, 1953 - 2015
22
1-9
Prior Occupations of Democratic Representatives, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
25
1-10
Prior Occupations of Republican Representatives, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
28
1-11
Prior Occupations of Senators, 83rd - 114th Congresses, 1953 - 2015
31
1-12
Prior Occupations of Democratic Senators, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
34
1-13
Prior Occupations of Republican Senators, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
37
1-14
Religious Affiliations of Representatives, 89th - 114th Congresses, 1965 - 2015
40
1-15
Religious Affiliations of Senators, 89th - 114th Congresses, 1965 - 2015
44
1-16
African Americans in Congress, 41st - 114th Congresses, 1869 - 2015
48
1-17
Asian Americans in Congress, 58th - 114th Congresses, 1903-2015
50
1-18
Hispanic Americans in Congress, 41st - 114th Congresses, 1869 - 2015
52
1-19
Women in Congress, 65th - 114th Congresses, 1917 - 2015
54
1-20
Political Parties of Senators and Representatives, 34th - 114th Congresses, 1855 - 2015
56
Table 1-1
Region and State
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Apportionment of Congressional Seats, by Region and State, 1910 - 2010 (435 seats)
1910
104
10
7
4
12
8
8
10
7
10
18
10
1920
1930
102
9
7
5
10
8
7
11
6
9
21
9
1940
105
9
7
6
10
8
7
12
6
10
21
9
1950
106
9
6
8
10
8
6
12
6
9
22
10
1960
106
8
4
12
10
8
5
11
6
9
23
10
1970
108
7
4
15
10
8
5
11
6
8
24
10
1980
116
7
4
19
10
8
5
11
6
9
27
10
1990
125
7
4
23
11
7
5
12
6
9
30
11
2000
131
7
4
25
13
7
4
13
6
9
32
11
2010
138
7
4
27
14
6
4
13
7
9
36
11
Border
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
Oklahoma
West Virginia
47
11
6
16
8
6
43
9
6
13
9
6
42
9
6
13
8
6
38
8
7
11
6
6
36
7
8
10
6
5
35
7
8
10
6
4
34
7
8
9
6
4
32
6
8
9
6
3
31
6
8
9
5
3
30
6
8
8
5
3
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
32
5
4
16
2
3
2
29
6
3
15
2
2
1
28
6
3
14
2
2
1
28
6
3
14
2
2
1
25
6
2
12
2
2
1
25
6
2
12
2
2
1
24
6
2
11
2
2
1
23
6
2
10
2
2
1
22
5
2
10
2
2
1
21
5
2
9
2
2
1
Mid-Atlantic
Delaware
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
92
1
12
43
36
94
1
14
45
34
93
1
14
45
33
88
1
14
43
30
84
1
15
41
27
80
1
15
39
25
72
1
14
34
23
66
1
13
31
21
62
1
13
29
19
58
1
12
27
18
Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
86
27
13
13
22
11
90
27
12
17
24
10
87
26
11
17
23
10
87
25
11
18
23
10
88
24
11
19
24
10
86
24
11
19
23
9
80
22
10
18
21
9
74
20
10
16
19
9
69
19
9
15
18
8
65
18
9
14
16
8
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
1
Table 1-1
Apportionment of Congressional Seats, by Region and State, 1910 - 2010 (435 seats)
Region and State
Plains
Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
1910
41
11
8
10
6
3
3
Rocky Mountains
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
Pacific Coast
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
1920
1930
34
9
7
9
5
2
2
1940
31
8
6
9
4
2
2
1950
31
8
6
9
4
2
2
1960
27
7
5
8
3
2
2
1970
25
6
5
8
3
1
2
1980
24
6
5
8
3
1
1
1990
22
5
4
8
3
1
1
2000
22
5
4
8
3
1
1
2010
21
4
4
8
3
1
1
14
1
4
2
2
1
1a
2
1
14
1
4
2
2
1
1
2
1
16
2
4
2
2
1
2
2
1
16
2
4
2
2
1
2
2
1
17
3
4
2
2
1
2
2
1
19
4
5
2
2
1
2
2
1
24
5
6
2
2
2
3
3
1
24
6
6
2
1
2
3
3
1
28
8
7
2
1
3
3
3
1
31
9
7
2
1
4
3
4
1
19
29
33
11
20
23
3
5
3
6
4
6
43
1b
30
1c
4
7
52
1
38
2
4
7
57
1
43
2
4
7
61
1
45
2
5
8
69
1
52
2
5
9
70
1
53
2
5
9
71
1
53
2
5
10
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
2
a. New Mexico became a state in 1912; in 1910 it had a nonvoting delegate in
Congress.
b. Alaska became a state on January 3, 1959. In 1950 Alaska had a nonvoting
delegate in Congress, making the total for that year 437; subsequent
reapportionment reduced the total to 435.
c. Hawaii became a state on August 21, 1959. In 1950 Hawaii had a nonvoting
delegate in Congress, making the total for that year 437; subsequent
reapportionment reduced the total to 435.
Source: Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Washington, D.C.:
Congressional Quarterly, various editions); Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report,
various issues; U.S. Census data 2000, www.census.gov.
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
3
Table 1-2
Democratic Party Strength in the House, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses, 1925 - 2015
69th
(19251926)
75th
(19371938)
81st
(19491950)
87th
(19611962)
93rd
(19731974)
96th
(19791980)
97th
(19811982)
98th
(19831984)
100th
(19871988)
101st
(19891990)
Region
South
Percent
Seats
97.1
104
98.0
101
98.1
105
93.4
106
68.2
107c
71.3
108
63.9
108
71.2
116
66.4
116
67.0
115h
Border
Percent
Seats
58.7
46
95.2
42
88.1
42
84.2
38
77.1
35
77.1
35
68.6
35
76.4
34
67.6
34
67.6
34
New England
Percent
Seats
12.5
32
44.8
29
39.3
28
50.0
28
60.0
25
72.0
25
64.0
25
66.6
24
62.5
24
58.3
24
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
26.4
91
68.0
94
48.4
93
48.9
88
53.8
80
63.8
80
53.8
80
58.3
72
56.9
72
58.3
72
Midwest
Percent
Seats
16.7
84
72.2
90
43.7
87
40.7
86a
37.6
85d
55.3
85f
50.0
86
55.0
80
57.5
80
59.5
79i
Plains
Percent
Seats
14.6
41
38.2
34
16.1
31
19.4
31
36.0
25
40.0
25
36.0
25
54.2
24
45.8
24
50.0
24
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
28.6
14
93.3
15
75.0
16
68.8
16
42.1
19
47.4
19
36.8
19
33.3
24
37.5
24
37.5
24
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
19.0
21
80.0
30
36.4
33
51.2
43b
58.9
56e
66.1
56g
56.1
57
62.3
61
59.0
61
59.0
61
Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
4
Table 1-2
102nd
(19911992)
103rd
(19931994)
104th
(19951996)
105th
(19971998)
106th
(19992000)
107th
(20012002)
108th
(20032004)
109th
(20052006)
110th
(20072008)
111th
(20092010)
112th
(20112012)
113th
(20132014)
114th
(20152016)
Region
South
Percent
Seats
66.4
116
61.6
125
48.8
125
43.2
125
43.5
124j
42.4
125
41.9
131
37.4
131
41.2
131
45
131
28.2
131
29
138
26.8
138
Border
Percent
Seats
67.6
34
65.6
32
50.0
32
40.6
32
40.6
32
37.5
32
45.1
31
45.2
31
48.4
31
51.6
31
41.9
31
36.6
30
33.3
30
New England
Percent
Seats
66.7
24
60.9
23
60.9
23
78.3
23
78.3
23
73.9
23
68.2
22
72.7
22
95.5
22
100
22
90.9
22
100
21
90.4
21
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
56.9
72
54.5
66
50.0
66
53.0
66
54.5
66
54.5
66
53.2
62
54.8
62
66.1
62
74.2
62m
59.7
62
60.3
58
51.7
58
Midwest
Percent
Seats
61.2
80
58.1
74
43.2
74
50.0
74
50.0
74
48.6
74
40.6
69
40.6
69
47.8
69
56.5
69n
36.2
69
38.4
65
36.9
65p
Plains
Percent
Seats
54.2
24
54.5
22
36.4
22
36.4
22
40.9
22
36.4
22
31.8
22
36.4
22
54.5
22
50
22
31.8
22
33.3
21
33.3
21
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
45.8
24
45.8
24
25.0
24
20.8
24
20.8
24
25.0
24
25.0
28
28.6
28
39.3
28
60.7
28
35.7
28o
41.9
31
32.3
31
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
60.6
61
63.8
69
49.3
69
55.1
69
56.5
69
63.2
68k
64.3
70
63.8
69l
65.7
70
65.7
70
64.3
70
70.4
71
71.8
71
Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
5
Note: Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the first day of the session. Does not include
independents. Seats is the total number of seats in each region, not the seats held by Democrats in
each region.
Independent's have not been counted as Democrats (see 109th Congress-New England)
a. J. Edward Roush (D-IN) was not sworn in until June 14, 1961 due to a disputed election result.
b. Alaska was admitted as a state in 1958 and Hawaii in 1959. There were 437 representatives elected
in 1960, both included in the Pacific Coast row.
c. Hale Boggs (D-LA) was elected posthumously.
d. George Collins (D-IL) was elected in 1972 but died before being sworn into office.
e. Nicholas Begich (D-AK) was elected posthumously.
f. William Steiger (R-WI) was elected in 1978 but died before being sworn into office.
g. Leo Ryan (D-CA) was elected in 1978 but died before being sworn into office.
h. William Nichols (D-AL) was elected in 1988 but died before being sworn into office.
i. Daniel Coats (R-IN) won reelection in 1988 but was appointed to Dan Quayle's Senate seat on
December 12, 1988.
j. Newt Gingrich (R-GA) was elected in 1998, but resigned from his seat before being sworn in.
k. Julian Dixon (D-CA) was elected in 2000 but died before being sworn into office.
l. Robert Matsui (D-CA) was elected in 2004 but died before being sworn into office.
m. Kirsten E. Gillibrand resigned to replace Hillary Clinton in the Senate on January 26, 2009, but was
still present at the first session.
n. Rahm Emanuel resigned his seat to enter the Obama administration.
o. Nevada's Second District is vacant as August 21, 2012. It was formerly held by Dean Heller (R).
p. Ohio's Eighth District is vacant as of October 31, 2015. Vacancy due to the resignation of John A.
Boehner (R).
Source: Congressional Directory, various editions; Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various
issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, http://clerk.house.gov; The Almanac of American
Politics (Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group, various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
6
Table 1-3
Congress
Democratic and Republican Seats in the House, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses, 1925 - 2015
69th
1925-1926
D
R
75th
1937-1938
D
R
81st
1949-1950
D
R
87th
1961-1962
D
R
93rd
1973-1974
D
R
96th
1979-1980
D
R
97th
1981-1982
D
R
98th
1983-1984
D
R
101st
1989-1990
D
R
102nd
1991-1992
D
R
Region
South
Percent
Seats
54.9
101
1.2
3
29.8
99
2.2
2
39.2
103
1.2
2
37.8
99
3.4
6
30.4
73
17.7
34
27.9 19.7
77
31
28.4
69
20.3
39
30.2
81
21.0
35
29.3
76
22.4
39
28.8
77
23.4
39
Border
Percent
Seats
14.7
27
7.8
19
12.0
40
2.2
2
14.1
37
2.9
5
12.2
32
3.4
6
11.3
27
4.2
8
9.8
27
5.1
8
9.9
24
5.7
11
9.7
26
4.8
8
8.9
23
6.3
11
8.6
23
6.6
11
New England
Percent
Seats
2.2
4
11.4
28
3.9
13
17.6
16
4.2
11
9.9
17
5.3
14
8.0
14
6.3
15
5.2
10
6.5
18
4.5
7
6.6
16
4.7
9
6.0
16
4.8
8
5.4
14
5.7
10
6.0
16
4.2
7
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
13.0
24
26.9
66
19.3 33.0
64
30
17.1
45
27.5
47
16.4
43
25.9
45
17.9
43
19.3
37
18.5 18.5
51
29
17.7
43
19.3
37
16.0
43
17.4
29
16.2
42
17.2
30
15.4
41
18.6
31
Midwest
Percent
Seats
7.6
14
28.2
69
19.6 19.8
65
18
14.4
38
28.7
49
13.4
35
29.3
51
13.3
32
27.6
53
17.0 24.2
47
38
17.7
43
22.4
43
16.4
44
21.6
36
18.1
47
18.4
32
18.4
49
18.6
31
Plains
Percent
Seats
3.3
6
13.5
33
3.9
13
17.6
16
1.9
5
15.2
26
2.3
6
14.4
25
3.8
9
8.3
16
3.6
10
9.6
15
3.7
9
8.3
16
4.5
12
7.2
12
4.6
12
6.9
12
4.9
13
6.6
11
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
2.2
4
4.1
10
4.2
14
1.1
1
4.6
12
2.3
4
4.2
11
2.9
5
3.3
8
5.7
11
3.3
9
6.4
10
2.9
7
6.3
12
3.0
8
9.6
16
3.5
9
8.6
15
4.1
11
7.8
13
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
2.2
4
6.9
17
7.2
24
6.6
6
4.6
12
12.3
21
8.4
22
12.1
21
13.8
33
12.0
23
13.4 12.1
37
19
13.2
32
13.0
25
14.2
38
13.8
23
13.9
36
14.4
25
13.9
37
14.4
24
184
245
332
91
263
171
262
174
240
192
276
243
192
268
167
259
174
267
167
Total Seats
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
157
7
Table 1-3
Congress
103rd
1993-1994
D
R
104th
1995-1996
D
R
105th
1997-1998
D
R
106th
1999-2000
D
R
107th
2001-2002
D
R
108th
2003-2004
D
R
109th
2005-2006
D
R
110th
2007-2008
D
R
111th
2009-2010
D
R
112th
2011-2012
D
R
113th
2013-2014
D
R
114th
2015-2016
D
R
Region
South
Percent
Seats
29.8
77
27.3
48
29.9
61
27.8
64
26.1
54
31.3
71
25.6
54
31.5
70
25.1
53
32.3
71
26.8
55
33.2
76
24.4
49
35.3
82
23.2
54
38.1
77
23.5
59
40.5
72
19.2
37
39.0
94
19.8
40
42.0
98
19.7
37
40.9
101
Border
Percent
Seats
8.1
21
6.3
11
7.8
16
7.0
16
6.3
13
8.4
19
6.2
13
8.6
19
5.7
12
9.1
20
6.8
14
7.4
17
7.0
14
7.3
17
6.4
15
7.9
16
6.3
16
8.4
15
6.7
13
7.4
18
5.4
11
8.2
19
5.3
10
8.1
20
New England
Percent
Seats
5.4
14
4.5
8
6.9
14
3.5
8
8.7
18
1.8
4
8.5
18
1.8
4
8.1
17
2.3
5
7.8
16
2.2
5
8.0
16
2.2
5
9.0
21
0.5
1
8.6
22
0.0
0
10.4
20
0.8
2
10.4
21
0.0
0
10.1
19
0.8
2
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
14.0
36
17.0
30
16.2
33
14.3
33
16.9
35
13.7
31
17.1
36
13.5
30
17.1
36
13.6
30
16.1
33
12.7
29
16.9
34
12.1
28
17.6
41
10.4
21
18.0
46
9.0
16
18.7
36
10.7
26
17.3
35
9.9
23
16.0
30
11.3
28
Midwest
Percent
Seats
16.7
43
17.6
31
15.7
32
18.3
42
17.9
37
16.3
37
17.5
37
16.7
37
17.5
37
16.8
37
13.7
28
17.9
41
13.9
28
17.7
41
14.2
33
17.8
36
15.2
39
9.0
16
15.2
39
16.3
29
12.4
25
17.2
40
12.8
24
16.6
41
Plains
Percent
Seats
4.7
12
5.7
10
3.9
8
6.1
14
3.9
8
6.2
14
4.3
9
5.9
13
3.8
8
6.4
14
3.4
7
6.6
15
4.0
8
6.0
14
5.2
12
5.0
10
4.3
11
6.2
11
3.6
7
6.2
15
3.5
7
6.0
14
3.7
7
5.7
14
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
4.3
11
7.4
13
2.9
6
7.8
18
1.9
4
8.8
20
2.4
5
8.6
19
2.8
6
8.2
18
3.4
7
9.2
21
4.0
8
8.6
20
4.7
11
8.4
17
6.6
17
6.2
11
5.2
10
7.4
18
6.4
13
7.7
18
5.3
10
8.5
21
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
17.1
44
14.2
25
16.7
34
15.2
35
18.4
38
13.7
31
18.5
39
13.5
30
19.9
42
11.4
25
22.0
45
10.9
25
21.9
44
10.8
25
19.7
46
11.9
24
18.0
46
13.5
24
23.3
45
10.3
25
24.8
50
9.0
21
27.1
51
8.1
20
258
176
204
230
207
227
211
222
211
220
205
229
201
232
233
202
256
178
193
242
202
233
188
Total Seats
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
247
8
Note: D indicates Democrats; R indicates Republicans. Third parties are omitted.
Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the first day of the session.
Source: Congressional Directory, various editions; Congressional Quarterly Weekly
Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; The Almanac of American Politics (Washington, D.C.: National
Journal Group, various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
9
Table 1-4
Democratic Party Strength in the Senate, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses, 1925 - 2015
69th
(1925-1926)
75th
(1937-1938)
81st
(1949-1950)
87th
(1961-1962)
93rd
(1973-1974)
96th
(1979-1980)
97th
(1981-1982)
98th
(1983-1984)
100th
(1987-1988)
101st
(1989-1990)
102nd
(1991-1992)
Region
South
Percent
Seats
100.0
22
100.0
22
100.0
22
100.0
22
63.6
22
50.0
22
54.4
22
50.0
22
72.7
22
68.2
22
68.2
22
Border
Percent
Seats
50.0
10
100.0
10
80.0
10
60.0
10
50.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
New England
Percent
Seats
8.3
12
50.0
12
25.0
12
41.7
12
58.3
12
58.3
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
58.3
12
58.3
12
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
37.5
8
75.0
8
37.5
8
25.0
8
25.0
8
50.0
8
50.0
8
50.0
8
50.0
8
50.0
8
50.0
8
Midwest
Percent
Seats
10.0
10
80.0
10
20.0
10
70.0
10
60.0
10
80.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
Plains
Percent
Seats
0.0
12
50.0
12
16.7
12
25.0
12
58.3
12
41.7
12
25.0
12
25.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
58.3
12
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
50.0
16
93.8
16
75.0
16
75.0
16
56.2
16
37.5
16
31.3
16
31.3
16
37.5
16
37.5
16
37.5
16
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
16.7
6
50.0
6
33.3
6
80.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
40.0
10
40.0
10
40.0
10
40.0
10
40.0
10
Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
10
Table 1-4
103rd
(1993-1994)
104th
(1995-1996)
105th
(1997-1998)
106th
(1999-2000)
107th
(2001-2002)
Region
South
Percent
Seats
59.1
22
36.4a
22
31.8
22
36.4
22
36.4
22
40.9
22
18.2
22
Border
Percent
Seats
60.0
10
50.0
10
50.0
10
40.0
10
50.0
10
40.0
10
New England
Percent
Seats
58.3
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
62.5
8
50.0
8
50.0
8
62.5
8
Midwest
Percent
Seats
80.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
Plains
Percent
Seats
58.3
12
58.3
12
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
37.5
16
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
50.0
10
Congress
108th
(2003- 109th
(2005- 110th
(20072004)
2006)
2008)
111th
(2009-2010)
112th
(2011-2012)
113th
(2013-2014)
114th
(2015-2016)
22.7
22
31.8
22
27.3
22
27.3
22
13.6
22
40.0
10
50.0
10
50.0
10
50.0
10
50.0
10
40
10
50.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
58.3
12
50.0
12
66.6
12
66.6
12
75.0
8
75.0
8
75.0
8
87.5
8
87.5
8
87.5
8
90
8
87.5
8
50.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
70.0
10
80.0
10
70.0
10
50.0
10
60
10
60
10
58.3
12
58.3
12
66.7
12
58.3
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
50.0
12
41.7
12
25
12
37.5
16
25.0
16
25.0
16
25.0
16
18.8
16
25.0
16
31.3
16
43.8
16
43.8
16
43.8
16
31.3
16
50.0
10
60.0
10
60.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
70.0
10
90.0
10
90.0
10
90.0
10
80
10
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
11
Note: Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the first day of the session. Third parties are
omitted. Seats is the total number of seats in each region, not the seats held by Democrats in each
region.
a. Excludes Richard Shelby (AL) who switched from the Democratic to the Republican Party on the day
following the election and before the beginning of the 104th Congress (1995).
Source: Congresional Directory, various editions; Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various
issues; US Senate, http://www.senate.gov; The Almanac of American Politics (Washington, D.C.:
National Journal Group, various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
12
Table 1-5
Region
South
Percent
Seats
Democratic and Republican Seats in the Senate, by Region, 69th - 114th Congresses, 1925 - 2016
69th
1925-1926
Congress
D
R
75th
1937-1938
D
R
81st
1949-1950
D
R
87th
1961-1962
D
R
93rd
1973-1974
D
R
97th
1981-1982
D
R
101st
1989-1990
D
R
102nd
1991-1992
D
R
103rd
1993-1994
D
R
53.7
22
0.0
0
28.9
22
0.0
0
40.7
22
0.0
0
33.8
22
0.0
0
25.0 16.7
14
7
23.9 18.9
11
10
27.3
15
15.6
7
26.8 15.9
15
7
22.8 20.9
13
9
Border
Percent
Seats
12.2
5
9.3
5
13.2
10
0.0
0
14.8
8
4.8
2
9.2
6
11.4
4
8.9
5
15.2
7
5.7
3
10.9
6
8.9
4
10.7
6
10.5
6
New England
Percent
Seats
2.4
1
20.4
11
7.9
6
37.5
6
5.6
3
21.4
9
7.7
5
20.0
7
12.5 11.9
7
5
13.0 11.3
6
6
12.7
7
11.1
5
12.5 11.4
7
5
12.3 11.6
7
5
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
7.3
3
9.3
5
7.9
6
12.5
2
5.6
3
11.9
5
3.1
2
17.1
6
3.6
2
11.9
5
8.7
4
7.5
4
7.3
4
8.9
4
7.1
4
9.1
4
8.8
5
7.0
3
Midwest
Percent
Seats
2.4
1
16.7
9
10.5
8
6.3
1
3.7
2
19.0
8
10.8
7
8.6
3
10.7
6
9.5
4
13.0
6
7.5
4
12.7
7
6.7
3
12.5
7
6.8
3
14.0
8
4.7
2
Plains
Percent
Seats
0.0
0
20.4
11
7.9
6
18.8
3
3.7
2
23.8
10
4.6
3
25.7
9
12.5 11.9
7
5
6.5
3
17.0
9
10.9
6
13.3
6
12.5 11.4
7
5
12.3 11.6
7
5
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
19.5 14.8
8
8
19.7
15
6.3
1
22.2
12
9.5
4
18.5
12
11.4
4
16.1 16.7
9
7
10.9 20.8
5
11
10.9
6
22.2
10
10.7 22.7
6
10
10.5 23.3
6
10
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
2.4
1
9.3
5
3.9
3
18.8
3
3.7
2
9.5
4
12.3
8
5.7
2
10.7
6
9.5
4
8.7
4
11.3
6
7.3
4
13.3
6
7.1
4
13.6
6
8.8
5
11.6
5
41
54
76
16
54
42
65
35
56
42
46
53
55
45
56
44
57
43
Total Seats
11.9
5
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
9.1
4
9.3
4
13
Table 1-5
Congress
104th
1995-1996
D
R
105th
1997-1998
D
R
106th
1999-2000
D
R
107th
2001-2002
D
R
108th
2003-2004
D
R
109th
2005-2006
D
R
110th
2007-2008
D
R
111th
2009-2010
D
R
112th
2011-2012
D
R
113th
2013-2014
D
R
114th
2015-2016
D
R
Region
South
Percent
Seats
19.1
9
24.5
13a
15.6
7
27.3
15
17.8
8
25.5
14
16.0 28.0
8
14
18.8 25.5
9
13
9.1
4
32.7
18
10.2
5
34.7
17
12.7
7
36.6
15
11.8 34.0
6
16
11.3 35.6
6
16
6.82 35.2
3
19
Border
Percent
Seats
10.6
5
9.4
5
11.1
5
9.1
5
8.9
4
10.9
6
10.0 10.0
5
5
8.3
4
11.8
6
9.1
4
10.9
6
10.2
5
10.2
5
9.1
5
12.2
5
9.8
5
10.6
5
9.43 11.1
5
5
9.09 11.1
4
6
New England
Percent
Seats
12.8
6
11.3
6
13.3
6
10.9
6
13.3
6
10.9
6
12.0 12.0
6
6
12.5
6
9.8
5
13.6
6
9.1
5
12.2
6
8.2
4
12.7
7
7.3
3
11.8
6
8.5
4
15.1 4.44
8
2
18.2
8
Mid-Atlantic
Percent
Seats
8.5
4
7.5
4
8.9
4
7.3
4
11.1
5
5.5
3
12.0
6
4.0
2
12.5
6
3.9
2
13.6
6
3.6
2
14.3
7
2.0
1
12.7
7
2.4
1
13.7
7
2.1
1
13.2 2.22
7
1
15.9 1.85
7
1
Midwest
Percent
Seats
12.8
6
7.5
4
13.3
6
7.3
4
11.1
5
9.1
5
12.0
6
8.0
4
12.5
6
7.8
4
15.9
7
5.5
3
16.3
8
4.1
2
12.7
7
4.9
2
9.8
5
10.6
5
11.3 8.89
6
4
13.6 7.41
6
4
Plains
Percent
Seats
14.9
7
9.4
5
15.6
7
9.1
5
15.6
7
9.1
5
16.0
8
8.0
4
14.6
7
9.8
5
13.6
6
10.9
6
12.2
6
12.2
6
10.9
6
12.2
5
11.8 12.8
6
6
9.43 15.6
5
7
6.82 16.7
3
9
Rocky Mountains
Percent
Seats
10.6
5
20.8
11
8.9
4
21.8
12
8.9
4
21.8
12
8.0
4
24.0
12
6.3
3
25.5
13
9.1
4
21.8
12
10.2
5
22.4
11
12.7
7
22.0
9
13.7 19.2
7
9
13.2 20.0
7
9
11.4 20.4
5
11
Pacific Coast
Percent
Seats
10.6
5
9.4
5
13.3
6
7.3
4
13.3
6
7.3
4
14.0
7
6.0
3
14.6
7
5.9
3
15.9
7
5.5
3
14.3
7
6.1
3
16.4
9
2.4
1
17.7
9
2.1
1
17.0 2.22
9
1
18.2
8
3.7
2
47
53
45
55
45
55
50
50
48
51
44
55
49
49
55
41
51
47
44
54
Total Seats
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
53
45
3.7
2
14
Note: D indicates Democrats; R indicates Republicans. Third parties are omitted. Figures represent the
makeup of Congress on the first day of the session.
a. Includes Richard Shelby (AL) who switched from the Democratic to the Republican Party on the day
following the election and before the beginning of the 104th Congress.
Source: Congresional Directory, various editions; Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various
issues; US Senate, http://www.senate.gov; The Almanac of American Politics (Washington, D.C.:
National Journal Group, various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
15
Table 1-6
Congress
83rd (1953)
Percent
Seats
Seniority of Representatives, 1953 - 2015
Percentage of representatives serving
1-3
4-6
7-9
1 term 2 terms 3 terms terms
terms
terms
10 +
terms
Total
18.7
81
16.9
73
14.8
64
50.3
218
27.0
117
13.4
58
9.2
40
433
84th (1955)
Percent
Seats
13.1
57
16.8
73
14.5
63
44.4
193
27.4
119
16.8
73
11.5
50
435
85th (1957)
Percent
Seats
10.6
46
11.5
50
15.2
66
37.4
162
32.8
142
15.2
66
14.5
63
433b
86th (1959)
Percent
Seats
18.8
82
10.3
45
11.2
49
40.4
176
31.2
136
14.7
64
13.1
57
436c
87th (1961)
Percent
Seats
14.2
62
14.9
65
8.2
36
37.3
163
30.0
131
17.4
76
15.3
67
437d
88th (1963)
Percent
Seats
15.4
67
14.3
62
12.2
53
41.9
182
24.4
106
18.0
78
15.7
68
434e
89th (1965)
Percent
Seats
20.9
91
13.3
58
11.3
49
45.5
198
22.3
97
16.8
73
15.4
67
435
90th (1967)
Percent
Seats
16.6
72
14.8
64
10.9
47
42.3
183
24.9
108
15.9
69
16.9
73
433
91st (1969)
Percent
Seats
9.2
40
17.2
75
12.9
56
39.3
171
29.0
126
14.9
65
16.8
73
435
92nd (1971)
Percent
Seats
12.9
56
9.7
42
14.7
64
37.2
162
28.0
122
15.6
68
19.1
83
435
93rd (1973)
Percent
Seats
16.0
69
12.7
55
8.8
38
37.5
162
29.6
128
15.3
66
17.6
76
432
94th (1975)
Percent
Seats
21.1
92
14.7
64
9.2
40
45.1
196
23.0
100
17.9
78
14.0
61
435
95th (1977)
Percent
Seats
15.4
67
21.6
94
13.3
58
50.3
219
20.0
87
16.1
70
13.6
59
435
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
a
f
g
Mean
term
Median
term
4.5
3
5.0
4
5.4
4
5.2
4
5.5
5
5.5
5
5.1
4
5.3
4
5.6
5
5.8
5
5.5
5
5.2
4
4.9
3
16
Table 1-6
Congress
96th (1979)
Percent
Seats
Seniority of Representatives, 1953 - 2015
Percentage of representatives serving
1-3
4-6
7-9
1 term 2 terms 3 terms terms
terms
terms
10 +
terms
Total
17.8
77
14.8
64
18.0
78
50.6
219
21.9
95
15.0
65
12.5
54
433
97th (1981)
Percent
Seats
17.0
74
17.5
76
13.6
59
48.0
209
27.8
121
12.9
56
11.3
49
435
98th (1983)
Percent
Seats
18.4
80
14.7
64
15.2
66
48.4
210
28.8
125
10.4
45
12.4
54
434i
99th (1985)
Percent
Seats
9.9
43
18.2
79
14.3
62
42.4
184
31.8
138
13.4
58
12.4
54
434j
100th (1987)
Percent
Seats
11.5
50
8.7
38
17.2
75
37.5
163
32.9
143
14.7
64
14.9
65
435
101st (1989)
Percent
Seats
7.6
33
12.5
54
7.6
33
27.7
120
38.6
167
19.9
86
13.9
60
433k
102nd (1991)
Percent
Seats
10.1
44
9.4
41
11.0
48
30.6
133
31.5
137
20.9
91
17.0
74
435
103rd (1993)
Percent
Seats
25.3
110
10.1
44
8.7
38
44.1
192
25.1
109
15.9
69
14.9
65
435
104th (1995)
Percent
Seats
19.8
86
22.3
97
8.5
37
50.6
220
17.9
78
17.9
78
13.6
59
435
105th (1997)
Percent
Seats
18.2
79
17.5
76
20.2
88
55.9
243
16.3
71
14.9
65
12.9
56
435
106th (1999)
Percent
Seats
9.4
41
17.2
75
15.9
69
42.5
185
29.2
127
13.3
58
14.9
65
435
107th (2001)
Percent
Seats
9.2
40
9.4
41
15.7
68
34.3
149
35.7
155
12.4
54
17.5
76
434
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
h
l
Mean
term
Median
term
4.8
3
4.7
4
4.7
4
5.1
4
5.5
5
5.8
5
6.1
5
5.2
4
4.9
3
4.8
3
4.8
4
5.6
5
17
Table 1-6
Seniority of Representatives, 1953 - 2015
Congress
Percentage of representatives serving
1-3
4-6
7-9
1 term 2 terms 3 terms terms
terms
terms
10 +
terms
Total
Mean
term
Median
term
5.5
5
5.9
5
6.0
5
108th (2003)
Percent
Seats
14.3
62
9.4
41
10.6
46
34.3
149
36.3
158
13.8
60
15.6
68
435
109th (2005)
Percent
Seats
9.9
43
11.5
50
10.1
44
31.6
137
29.5
128
22.4
97
16.6
72
434
110th (2007)
Percent
Seats
13.1
57
9.9
43
11.3
49
34.3
149
26.7
116
22.8
99
16.3
71
435
111th (2009)
Percent
Seats
12.4
54
13.4
58
8.1
35
33.9
147
23.5
102
24.4
106
18.2
79
434
n
6.2
5
112th (2011)
Percent
Seats
20.5
89
9.7
42
9.0
39
39.2
170
22.4
97
15.9
69
22.4
97
433
o
6.0
5
113th (2013)
Percent
Seats
16.5
72
19.5
85
9.0
39
45.1
196
20.9
91
16.6
72
17.0
74
433
p
5.7
4
114th (2015)
Percent
Seats
12.8
56
16.8
73
17.5
76
47.1
205
20.9
91
11.7
51
20.2
88
435
5.5
4
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
m
18
Note: Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the first day of the session. Members
in their first term of service are counted under "1 term" column.
a. E.E. Cox (D-GA) and Adolph Sabath (D-IL) were elected in 1952 but died before being
sworn into office.
b. Antonio Fernandez (D-NM) and T. Millet Hand (R-NJ) were elected in 1956 but died
before being sworn into office.
c. Alaska was admitted as a state in 1958. The total figure includes the addition of Alaska's
representative.
d. Alaska was admitted as a state in 1958 and Hawaii in 1959. The total figure includes the
addition of Alaska's and Hawaii's representatives. In 1963 the other states absorbed the
proportionate loss in representatives necessary to give Alaska and Hawaii permanent
representation under the 435-member figure established in 1911.
e. Clement Miller (D-CA) was elected posthumously.
f. John Fogarty (D-RI) was elected in 1966 but died before being sworn into office. Adam
Powell (D-NY) was elected in 1966 but the results were contested and he was not sworn
into office.
g, Nicholas Begich (D-AK) and Hale Boggs (D-LA) were elected posthumously. George
Collins (D-IL) was elected in 1972 but died before being sworn into office.
h. Leo Ryan (D-CA) and William Steiger (R-WI) were elected in 1978 but died before being
sworn into office.
i. Jack Swigert (R-CO) was elected in 1982 but died before being sworn into office.
j. Frank McCloskey's (D-IN) reelection in 1984 was disputed and he was not sworn into
office until May 1, 1985.
k. William Nichols (D-AL) was elected in 1988 but died before being sworn into office.
Daniel Coats (R-IN) won reelection in 1988 but was appointed to Dan Quayle's Senate
seat on December 12, 1988.
l. Julian Dixon (D-CA) was elected in 2000 but died before being sworn into office.
m. Robert Matsui (D-CA) was elected in 2004 but died before being sworn into office.
n. The fifth district of Illinois, previously held by Rahm Emanuel, was vacant.
o. California's 36th district seat and Nevada's second district seat were vacant and so are
not included in the total count.
p. South Carolina's first district seat and Illinois's second district seat were vacant and so
are not included in the total count.
Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly,
various editions); Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Congressional
Directory, various editions; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; The Almanac of American Politics (Washington, D.C.: National
Journal Group, various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
19
Table 1-7 Seniority of Senators, 1953 - 2015
Number of Senators serving
Congress
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
(1953)
(1955)
(1957)
(1959)
(1961)
(1963)
(1965)
(1967)
(1969)
(1971)
(1973)
(1975)
(1977)
(1979)
(1981)
(1983)
(1985)
(1987)
(1989)
(1991)
(1993)
(1995)
(1997)
(1999)
(2001)
(2003)
(2005)
(2007)
(2009)
(2011)
(2013)
(2015)
6 years
or less
46 (16)
42 (14)
37 (10)
42 (20)
42 (7)
42 (12)
29 (8)
28 (7)
32 (14)
25 (10)
40 (13)
36 (12)a
42 (17)
48 (20)
55 (18)
43 (5)
32 (7)
26 (13)
31 (10)
30 (5)
30 (13)
29 (11)
40 (15)
35 (8)
37 (11)
30 (10)
29 (9)
29 (10)
32 (11)
42 (13)
43 (13)
45 (13)
7 - 12
years
29
37
36
30
25
26
36
34
32
24
20
22
25
24
20
28
38
44
26
23
17
26
24
24
21
29
27
26
19
17
23
24
13 - 18
years
14
8
13
14
22
18
16
19
17
29
20
23
13
10
10
16
18
16
29
28
32
20
13
16
19
16
15
14
20
14
15
11
19 years
or more
7
9
10
12
11
14
19
19
19
22
20
19
20
18
15
13
12
14
14
19
21
25
23
25
23
25
29
31
29
27
19
20
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Total
96
96
96
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Mean
years
service
8.5
8.4
9.6
9.4
9.7
9.9
11.1
11.6
11.2
11.5
11.2
11.5
10.6
9.6
8.5
9.6
10.1
9.6
9.8
11.1
11.3
12.3
11.2
11.2
11.5
12.7
12.5
13.1
14.0
12.3
10.2
9.4
Median
years
service
7
7
9
8
9
7
9
9
11
11
9
9
9
7
5
7
9
8
10
11
12
11
9
10
8
9.5
10
10
11
9
6
6
20
Note: Figures in parentheses are the number of freshman senators.
Senators who are currently in their first full term are listed under the "6
years or less" column. Figures represent the makeup of Congress on
the first day of the session. Years are rounded to whole years for the
mean and median calculations.
Some data from previous versions of Vital Statistics have been
updated. See errata for more detail.
a. Total includes John Durkin (D-NH). After a contested election in
1974, the Senate declared the seat vacant as of August 8, 1975. He
was then elected by special election, September 16, 1975, to fill the
vacancy.
b. Total includes Al Franken (D-MN), who was declared elected after a
challenge in court to the vote count by his Republican challenger on
June 30, 2009; and Roland Burris (D-IL) who was appointed to fill the
seat vacated by Barack Obama on December 31, 2008. Total also
includes Joe Biden (D-DE), who resigned his seat on January 15, 2009
and so was present on the first day of the session.
Source: Congressional Directory, various editions; Congressional
Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly,
various editions); Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various
issues; National Journal, various issues; US Senate,
http://www.senate.gov; The Almanac of American Politics (Washington,
D.C.: National Journal Group, various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
21
Table 1-8
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secreterial/clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
Prior Occupations of Representatives, 83rd - 114th Congresses, 1953 - 2015
83rd
1953
84tha
1955
86th
1959
89th
1965
90th
1967
91st
1969
92nda
1971
93rd
1973
94th
1975
63
149
60
141
45
130
23
65
22
60
39
36
25
41
3
35
248
247
242
44
156
3
28
68
9
43
3
247
39
161
3
26
57
6
39
2
246
36
149
2
24
68
4
30
5
237
6
6
4
3
3
35
158
2
27
60
5
40
3
240
2
5
6
39
153
4
24
59
2
24
3
222
2
5
30
141
5
24
64
3
23
3
221
2
5
361
349
384
371
372
361
317
352
345
268
277
281
316
327
327
318
322
307
1
1
2
2
95th
1977
6
1
15
112
6
23
71
2
20
6
219
8
3
0
3
48
11
299
96th
1979
6
0
23
109
5
30
67
3
18
4
200
6
6
0
3
29
15
282
97th
1981
11
3
36
120
2
31
65
6
23
2
200
7
5
0
3
39
21
264
98th
1983
8
3
31
114
2
34
43
5
17
2
202
6
5
1
3
32
19
249
4
0
2
3
1
3
5
5
1
1
3
2
4
5
19
3
0
2
1
9
1
11
2
0
2
2
7
5
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
22
Table 1-8
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secreterial/clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
99th
1985
11
4
28
126
2
38
41
6
17
2
191
8
3
1
3
43
23
231
100th
1987
9
2
24
122
2
40
47
7
20
3
187
5
3
0
6
40
25
217
8
1
1
2
1
3
5
2
1
2
2
0
8
4
101st 102nd 103rd
1989 1991 1993
9
10
12
4
2
2
23
21
21
120
115
115
2
1
2
38
38
38
54
61
64
5
5
5
17
16
17
3
4
3
185
178
178
7
8
10
2
1
4
0
0
0
5
4
1
36
37
60
26
27
26
210
208
177
2
2
1
3
0
7
6
5
10
1
4
0
8
15
3
3
1
2
2
5
10
104th
1995
8
2
23
145
3
43
70
5
6
1
166
14
9
0
2
62
27
158
105th
1997
1
1
22
181
1
40
74
8
12
1
172
10
12
1
3
100
23
140
106th
1999
1
1
22
159
1
41
84
9
9
1
163
10
15
1
2
106
20
132
107th
2001
1
1
25
159
2
37
92
9
9
2
156
10
14
2
3
126
24
116
108th
2003
2
2
26
165
2
37
88
8
11
7
161
9
16
3
1
145
30
101
109th
2005
3
2
29
205
3
40
91
4
11
9
178
9
16
3
2
209
39
92
110th
2007
3
2
23
166
3
39
88
3
7
13
162
10
13
4
1
174
36
88
2
2
1
4
0
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
2
5
4
1
5
3
6
2
3
6
2
4
4
2
6
4
6
4
3
3
1
9
7
6
9
2
2
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
111th 112th 113th 114th
2009 2011 2013 2015
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
27
25
27
25
225
187
184
231
1
3
6
7
33
29
32
30
84
73
79
80
7
6
7
7
9
9
11
11
14
14
19
21
179
151
157
174
11
9
5
6
17
19
21
18
7
8
8
10
1
1
1
4
247
176
182
271
37
39
34
35
82
78
76
74
0
10
12
6
11
4
1
0
10
13
4
10
4
2
1
14
16
5
15
6
1
2
12
16
4
15
7
1
23
Note: Blanks indicate years and occupations for which Congressional Quarterly did not compile data.
Some members say they have more than one occupation. Data counted as of the end of the first
session of each congress. These numbers reflect those reported by Congressional Quarterly, whose
methodology has changed over time. Fluctuations in totals between congresses that are larger than the
seats lost/gained between congresses represent these methodological changes. For additional detail
regarding the coding methodology used in tables 1-8 through 1-13, please refer to the Vital Statistics
main page at www.brookings.edu/VitalStats.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. For these congresses, CQ almanac did not provide occupation data. Instead, data for each
representative was taken from an earlier or later congress of which they were also a member. Oneterm members in these congresses were individually coded based on their biographical data.
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; Military Officers Association of America; Veterans in Congress, The Veterans of
Foreign Wars National Legislative Service, “Representatives with Military Service, 108th Congress;”
Veterans’ Information: Veterans in Congress, House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Congressional Quarterly Congress
Collection; CQ Roll Call, "Guide to the New Congress," 114th Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
24
Table 1-9
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations Included
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secreterial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
Prior Occupations of Democratic Representatives, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
a
a
83rd
1953
84th
1955
86th
1959
89th
1965
90th
1967
91st
1969
92nd
1971
93rd
1973
94th
1975
25
60
26
62
28
71
12
30
12
31
17
17
17
30
2
21
126
138
168
26
98
2
19
54
6
27
3
171
17
82
1
15
43
4
22
2
150
16
71
1
15
45
3
18
5
148
2
3
2
1
1
15
77
1
17
40
3
23
3
150
1
2
4
15
72
2
16
41
1
17
3
136
1
3
13
84
4
19
51
1
18
3
158
2
3
183
193
245
251
219
217
194
201
234
133
146
191
215
190
185
186
176
197
0
1
2
2
95th
1977
5
1
7
65
4
15
56
0
12
5
151
7
1
0
2
25
10
193
96th
1979
5
0
10
58
3
21
51
1
10
3
133
6
2
0
2
20
10
173
97th
1981
6
0
14
51
2
20
43
2
10
2
124
4
2
0
2
20
8
142
98th
1983
5
0
14
58
2
22
28
2
10
2
134
3
3
0
2
25
7
147
3
0
1
3
1
3
4
4
0
0
3
2
3
4
13
1
0
2
1
4
0
8
0
0
2
2
4
4
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
25
Table 1-9
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations Included
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secreterial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
99th
1985
7
1
12
60
2
25
26
2
9
2
122
6
2
0
2
30
8
130
100th
1987
6
0
10
61
2
24
29
4
11
3
123
5
2
0
4
27
9
123
101st
1989
6
1
9
60
2
23
33
2
8
3
123
5
1
0
3
26
10
119
102nd
1991
8
1
11
55
1
24
42
2
8
4
122
6
1
0
3
25
8
119
103rd
1993
7
0
8
47
1
22
46
2
7
3
118
8
3
0
0
36
10
99
104th
1995
4
0
5
45
1
20
39
0
2
1
90
7
1
0
0
33
6
68
105th
1997
0
0
8
55
1
19
40
1
4
1
87
8
3
0
0
54
3
59
106th
1999
0
0
8
53
0
18
49
1
2
1
87
8
5
0
0
57
3
51
107th
2001
0
0
8
56
1
18
53
1
1
1
84
7
6
0
0
70
2
46
108th
2003
0
0
8
56
1
18
50
1
3
5
86
6
5
0
0
77
3
41
109th
2005
1
0
9
65
2
21
52
1
3
4
90
6
4
0
0
116
3
34
110th
2007
3
0
8
70
1
22
55
2
3
7
94
7
3
2
1
106
4
38
111th
2009
3
5
0
0
2
1
3
3
1
0
1
2
0
7
3
1
1
0
2
0
6
4
3
5
0
2
0
6
12
1
1
0
1
2
2
6
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
3
1
0
4
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
4
2
2
0
1
1
0
6
3
3
4
1
2
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
12
112
1
20
59
5
5
9
115
8
5
3
1
167
10
41
112th
2011
1
0
6
65
1
16
46
3
3
7
76
3
2
1
1
101
4
20
113th
2013
0
0
5
65
2
15
50
4
5
10
80
0
4
1
1
106
4
18
0
7
8
3
7
2
1
0
4
7
2
5
2
1
0
9
12
4
11
2
1
26
Note: Blanks indicate years and occupations for which Congressional Quarterly did not compile data.
Some members say they have more than one occupation. Data counted as of the end of the first
session of each congress. These numbers reflect those reported by Congressional Quarterly, whose
methodology has changed over time. Fluctuations in totals between congresses that are larger than the
seats lost/gained between congresses represent these methodological changes. For additional detail
regarding the coding methodology used in tables 1-8 through 1-13, please refer to the Vital Statistics
main page at www.brookings.edu/VitalStats.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. For these congresses, CQ Almanac did not provide occupation data. Instead, data for each
representative was taken from an earlier or later congress of which they were also a member. Oneterm members in these congresses were individually coded based on their biographical data.
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; Military Officers Association of America; Veterans in Congress, The Veterans of
Foreign Wars National Legislative Service, “Representatives with Military Service, 108th Congress;”
Veterans’ Information: Veterans in Congress, House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Congressional Quarterly Congress
Collection.
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
27
Table 1-10
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secreterial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
Prior Occupations of Republican Representatives, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
a
a
83rd
1953
84th
1955
86th
1959
89th
1965
90th
1967
91st
1969
92nd
1971
93rd
1973
94th
1975
38
89
34
79
17
59
11
35
10
29
22
19
8
11
1
14
122
109
74
18
58
1
9
14
2
16
0
76
22
79
2
11
14
2
17
0
96
20
78
1
9
23
1
12
0
89
4
3
2
2
2
20
81
1
10
20
2
17
0
90
1
3
2
24
81
2
8
18
1
7
0
86
1
2
17
57
1
5
13
2
5
0
63
0
2
178
156
139
120
154
144
123
151
111
135
131
90
101
137
142
132
146
110
1
0
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
95th
1977
1
0
8
47
2
8
15
2
8
1
68
1
2
0
1
23
1
106
96th
1979
1
0
13
51
2
9
16
2
8
1
67
0
4
0
1
9
5
109
97th
1981
5
3
22
69
0
11
22
4
13
0
76
3
3
0
1
19
13
122
98th
1983
3
3
17
56
0
12
15
3
7
0
68
3
2
1
1
7
12
102
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
6
2
0
0
0
5
1
3
2
0
0
0
3
1
28
Table 1-10
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secreterial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
99th
1985
4
3
16
66
0
13
15
4
8
0
69
2
1
1
1
17
15
101
100th
1987
3
2
14
61
0
16
18
3
9
0
64
0
1
0
2
13
16
94
101st
1989
3
3
13
60
0
15
21
3
9
0
61
2
1
0
2
10
16
91
102nd
1991
2
1
10
60
0
14
19
3
8
0
56
2
0
0
1
12
19
89
103rd
1993
5
2
13
68
1
16
17
3
10
0
60
2
1
0
1
24
16
78
104th
1995
4
2
18
100
2
23
30
5
4
0
76
7
8
0
2
29
21
90
105th
1997
1
1
14
126
0
21
33
7
7
0
85
2
9
1
3
46
20
81
106th
1999
1
1
14
106
1
23
34
8
6
0
76
2
10
1
2
49
17
81
107th
2001
1
1
17
103
1
19
38
8
7
1
71
3
8
2
3
56
22
70
108th
2003
2
2
18
109
1
19
37
7
7
2
75
3
11
3
1
68
27
60
109th
2005
2
2
20
140
1
19
39
3
8
5
88
3
12
3
2
93
36
58
110th
2007
0
2
15
96
2
17
33
1
4
6
68
3
10
2
0
68
32
50
111th
2009
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
2
5
1
2
0
2
3
1
2
1
1
0
3
4
1
1
1
3
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
5
2
2
5
2
3
3
1
2
2
4
4
2
2
1
3
4
3
5
1
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
15
113
0
13
25
2
4
5
64
3
12
4
0
80
27
41
112th
2011
1
2
19
122
2
13
27
3
6
7
75
6
17
7
0
75
35
58
113th
2013
1
1
22
116
4
17
29
3
6
9
77
5
17
7
0
76
30
58
0
3
4
3
4
2
0
0
6
6
2
5
2
1
1
5
4
1
4
4
0
29
Note: Blanks indicate years and occupations for which Congressional Quarterly did not compile data.
Some members say they have more than one occupation. Data counted as of the end of the first
session of each congress. These numbers reflect those reported by Congressional Quarterly, whose
methodology has changed over time. Fluctuations in totals between congresses that are larger than the
seats lost/gained between congresses represent these methodological changes. For additional detail
regarding the coding methodology used in tables 1-8 through 1-13, please refer to the Vital Statistics
main page at www.brookings.edu/VitalStats.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. For these congresses, CQ almanac did not provide occupation data. Instead, data for each
representative was taken from an earlier or later congress of which they were also a member. Oneterm members in these congresses were individually coded based on their biographical data.
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; Military Officers Association of America; Veterans in Congress, The Veterans of
Foreign Wars National Legislative Service, “Representatives with Military Service, 108th Congress;”
Veterans’ Information: Veterans in Congress, House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Congressional Quarterly Congress
Collection
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
30
Table 1-11
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secretarial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
Prior Occupations of Senators, 83rd - 114th Congresses, 1953 - 2015
83rd
1953
84tha
1955
86th
1959
89th
1965
90th
1967
91st
1969
92nda
1971
93rd
1973
94th
1975
21
29
19
27
17
28
5
14
5
14
10
11
6
16
2
13
56
57
61
18
25
0
4
16
2
10
1
67
18
23
0
5
15
2
10
0
68
11
24
0
3
13
2
5
0
67
1
0
1
1
1
16
25
0
4
14
2
8
0
68
0
0
1
11
22
0
4
10
2
5
0
68
0
1
10
22
0
4
8
2
5
0
67
0
1
89
87
95
98
97
85
96
94
71
71
70
71
75
80
79
81
72
1
0
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
95th
1977
0
1
8
23
1
2
13
0
4
0
68
0
1
0
0
17
1
78
96th
1979
1
3
8
26
1
1
10
0
4
0
66
0
1
0
1
15
1
76
97th
1981
5
3
11
28
1
1
17
0
8
0
61
0
1
1
1
12
1
77
98th
1983
3
2
10
32
1
1
13
0
7
0
59
0
1
1
1
13
1
78
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
13
0
0
2
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
Table 1-11
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secretarial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
99th
1985
3
2
10
26
1
2
13
1
9
0
61
0
1
1
1
14
1
77
100th
1987
3
2
8
22
1
4
9
1
7
0
63
0
0
1
1
17
2
71
10
0
0
1
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
101st 102nd 103rd
1989 1991 1993
4
3
3
2
1
1
8
8
10
22
23
23
1
1
1
5
5
7
8
13
12
0
0
0
6
5
6
0
0
0
63
61
57
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
18
2
8
2
4
2
72
70
63
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
1
4
104th
1995
3
1
9
24
0
5
10
0
6
0
55
0
1
1
2
7
3
55
105th
1997
1
1
8
33
1
13
13
0
9
0
53
0
2
1
0
26
5
50
106th
1999
1
0
6
24
1
13
13
0
8
0
55
0
2
1
1
18
4
43
107th
2001
1
1
6
24
1
13
16
0
7
1
53
0
3
1
1
28
4
37
108th
2003
0
1
5
25
0
10
12
1
6
2
60
0
3
1
1
30
3
35
109th
2005
0
0
5
40
0
9
13
1
7
3
64
1
4
1
1
45
3
30
110th
2007
1
0
6
27
0
9
14
1
8
3
59
0
3
1
1
32
3
30
111th
2009
1
0
4
36
0
9
20
0
5
3
63
0
3
1
1
48
7
27
112th
2011
3
0
5
29
0
8
15
0
6
3
54
0
5
1
3
38
7
24
113th
2013
2
0
5
25
0
9
17
0
5
4
54
0
4
2
4
43
7
18
114th
2015
2
0
5
42
1
9
25
0
5
2
60
0
3
1
0
60
5
8
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
5
0
1
1
1
2
0
5
0
2
2
1
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
32
Note: Blanks indicate years and occupations for which Congressional Quarterly did not compile data.
Some members say they have more than one occupation. Data counted as of the end of the first
session of each congress. These numbers reflect those reported by Congressional Quarterly, whose
methodology has changed over time. Fluctuations in totals between congresses that are larger than the
seats lost/gained between congresses represent these methodological changes. For additional detail
regarding the coding methodology used in tables 1-8 through 1-13, please refer to the Vital Statistics
main page at www.brookings.edu/VitalStats.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. For these congresses, CQ Almanac did not provide occupation data. Instead, data for each
representative was taken from an earlier or later congress of which they were also a member. Oneterm members in these congresses were individually coded based on their biographical data.
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; Military Officers Association of America; Veterans in Congress, The Veterans of
Foreign Wars National Legislative Service, “Representatives with Military Service, 108th Congress;”
Veterans’ Information: Veterans in Congress, House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Congressional Quarterly Congress
Collection; CQ Roll Call, "Guide to the New Congress," 114th Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
33
Table 1-12
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secretarial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
Prior Occupations of Democratic Senators, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
83rd
1953
84tha
1955
86th
1959
89th
1965
90th
1967
91st
1969
92nda
1971
93rd
1973
94th
1975
8
11
7
10
7
14
3
9
3
9
6
7
4
13
2
10
32
33
43
10
14
0
2
12
2
7
1
48
9
12
0
2
10
2
7
0
48
1
0
1
1
1
7
12
0
1
9
2
5
0
42
0
0
4
13
0
1
7
2
5
0
40
0
1
4
12
0
2
7
2
4
0
42
0
1
4
12
0
2
6
2
4
0
45
0
1
48
48
62
67
56
48
56
59
35
35
45
47
41
43
45
50
44
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
0
0
95th
1977
0
1
3
13
0
1
8
0
3
0
46
0
1
0
0
9
1
49
96th
1979
0
1
3
13
0
0
6
0
2
0
44
0
1
0
1
10
1
43
97th
1981
1
1
3
11
0
0
6
0
5
0
33
0
1
0
1
6
1
33
98th
1983
1
1
3
12
0
0
5
0
5
0
30
0
1
0
1
6
1
32
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
Table 1-12
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secretarial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
99th
1985
0
1
3
10
0
0
4
0
6
0
32
0
1
0
1
7
1
35
100th
1987
0
1
3
10
0
2
5
0
6
0
35
0
0
0
1
11
2
37
7
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
101st 102nd 103rd
1989 1991 1993
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
3
4
11
12
12
0
0
0
2
2
3
5
8
7
0
0
0
5
5
4
0
0
0
36
36
32
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
14
2
7
2
1
1
38
38
33
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
104th
1995
0
1
4
10
0
3
5
0
3
0
25
0
0
0
2
5
1
25
105th
1997
0
1
2
8
0
4
5
0
2
0
26
0
0
0
0
9
2
21
106th
1999
0
0
1
6
0
5
5
0
2
0
27
0
0
0
0
10
2
19
107th
2001
0
1
1
8
0
6
8
0
1
0
28
0
0
0
0
18
2
17
108th
2003
0
1
0
9
0
5
7
0
1
0
29
0
0
0
0
17
2
17
109th
2005
0
0
1
14
0
3
6
0
2
1
30
1
0
0
0
23
1
14
110th
2007
1
0
2
9
0
2
8
0
4
2
32
0
0
0
0
19
1
14
111th
2009
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
1
16
0
3
12
0
3
2
36
0
0
0
0
32
2
16
112th
2011
2
0
1
12
0
1
9
0
4
1
29
0
0
0
0
24
2
13
113th
2013
1
0
1
10
0
2
11
0
4
2
31
0
0
1
0
27
2
9
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
5
0
1
1
1
35
Note: Blanks indicate years and occupations for which Congressional Quarterly did not compile data.
Some members say they have more than one occupation. Data counted as of the end of the first
session of each congress. These numbers reflect those reported by Congressional Quarterly, whose
methodology has changed over time. Fluctuations in totals between congresses that are larger than the
seats lost/gained between congresses represent these methodological changes. For additional detail
regarding the coding methodology used in tables 1-8 through 1-13, please refer to the Vital Statistics
main page at www.brookings.edu/VitalStats.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. For these congresses, CQ almanac did not provide occupation data. Instead, data for each
representative was taken from an earlier or later congress of which they were also a member. Oneterm members in these congresses were individually coded based on their biographical data.
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; Military Officers Association of America; Veterans in Congress, The Veterans of
Foreign Wars National Legislative Service, “Representatives with Military Service, 108th Congress;”
Veterans’ Information: Veterans in Congress, House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Congressional Quarterly Congress
Collection.
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
36
Table 1-13
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secretarial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
Prior Occupations of Republican Senators, 83rd - 113th Congresses, 1953 - 2013
83rd
1953
84th
1955
86th
1959
89th
1965
90th
1967
91st
1969
92rd
1971
93rd
1973
94th
1975
13
18
12
17
10
14
2
5
2
5
4
4
2
3
0
3
24
24
18
8
11
0
2
4
0
3
0
19
0
0
0
9
13
0
3
5
0
3
0
26
0
0
7
11
0
2
6
0
0
0
27
0
9
11
0
3
5
0
3
0
20
0
0
0
7
10
0
2
3
0
1
0
26
0
0
6
10
0
2
2
0
1
0
22
0
0
41
39
33
31
34
41
37
40
35
36
36
25
24
28
34
37
34
31
1
0
0
0
95th
1977
0
0
5
10
1
1
5
0
1
0
22
0
0
0
0
8
0
29
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
96th
1979
1
2
5
12
1
1
4
0
1
0
22
0
0
0
0
5
0
33
97th
1981
4
2
7
17
1
1
11
0
2
0
28
0
0
1
0
6
0
44
98th
1983
2
1
7
20
1
1
8
0
2
0
29
0
0
1
0
7
0
46
99th
1985
3
1
7
16
1
2
9
1
3
0
29
0
0
1
0
7
0
42
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
37
Table 1-13
Occupation
Acting/entertainer
Aeronautics
Agriculture
Business or banking
Clergy
Congressional aide
Education
Engineering
Journalism
Labor leader
Law
Law enforcement
Medicine
Military
Professional sports
Public service/politics
Real estate
Veteran
New Occupations
Artistic/Creative
Healthcare
Homemaker/Domestic
Science
Secretarial/Clerical
Technical/Trade
Miscellaneous
100th
1987
3
1
5
12
1
2
4
1
1
0
28
0
0
1
0
6
0
34
101st
1989
4
1
5
11
1
3
3
0
1
0
27
0
0
1
0
4
0
34
102nd
1991
3
0
5
11
1
3
5
0
0
0
25
0
0
1
0
0
3
32
103rd
1993
3
0
6
11
1
4
5
0
2
0
25
0
0
1
0
1
1
30
104th
1995
3
0
5
14
0
3
5
0
3
0
30
0
1
1
0
2
2
30
105th
1997
1
0
6
25
1
9
8
0
7
0
27
0
2
1
0
17
3
29
106th
1999
1
0
5
18
1
8
8
0
6
0
28
0
2
1
1
8
2
24
107th
2001
1
0
5
16
1
7
8
0
6
1
25
0
3
1
1
10
2
20
108th
2003
0
0
5
16
0
5
5
1
5
2
30
0
3
1
1
13
1
18
109th
2005
0
0
4
26
0
6
7
1
5
2
34
0
4
1
1
22
2
16
110th
2007
0
0
4
18
0
7
6
1
4
1
27
0
3
1
1
13
2
16
111th
2009
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
3
20
0
6
8
0
2
1
27
0
3
1
1
16
5
11
112th
2011
1
0
4
17
0
7
6
0
2
2
25
0
5
1
3
14
5
11
113th
2013
1
0
4
15
0
7
6
0
1
2
23
0
4
1
4
16
5
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
Note: Blanks indicate years and occupations for which Congressional Quarterly did not compile data.
Some members say they have more than one occupation. Data counted as of the end of the first
session of each congress. These numbers reflect those reported by Congressional Quarterly, whose
methodology has changed over time. Fluctuations in totals between congresses that are larger than the
seats lost/gained between congresses represent these methodological changes. For additional detail
regarding the coding methodology used in tables 1-8 through 1-13, please refer to the Vital Statistics
main page at www.brookings.edu/VitalStats.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. For these congresses, CQ almanac did not provide occupation data. Instead, data for each
representative was taken from an earlier or later congress of which they were also a member. Oneterm members in these congresses were individually coded based on their biographical data.
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives,
http://clerk.house.gov; Military Officers Association of America; Veterans in Congress, The Veterans of
Foreign Wars National Legislative Service, “Representatives with Military Service, 108th Congress;”
Veterans’ Information: Veterans in Congress, House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Congressional Quarterly Congress
Collection.
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
39
Table 1-14
Religious Affiliations of Representatives, 89th - 114th Congresses, 1965 - 2015
Catholic
89th (1965)
D
R Total
81 13
94
90th (1967)
D
R Total
73 22
95
91st (1969)
D
R Total
75
22
97
92nd (1971)
D
R Total
77
24 101
93rd (1973)
D
R Total
69 30
99
94th (1975)
D
R Total
87 22 109
95th (1977)
D
R Total
95 24 118
96th (1979)
D
R Total
94
23 117
Jewish
14
1
15
14
2
16
14
2
16
10
2
12
10
2
12
17
3
20
19
3
22
18
5
23
33
29
46
30
9
25
23
26
42
54
69
56
30
25
36
26
12
25
32
37
42
50
68
63
30
22
34
26
13
28
33
36
43
50
67
62
32
27
33
26
10
22
32
41
42
49
65
67
33
24
30
25
12
26
33
35
45
50
63
60
36
30
40
24
10
21
24
25
46
51
64
49
37
25
33
23
10
21
24
23
47
46
57
46
33
29
31
24
10
22
26
28
43
51
57
52
2
8
11
7
13
15
3
14
8
3
11
17
5
8
9
1
14
9
5
11
16
39
36
76
40
28
68
47
28
76
42
32
75
291 144
435
292 143
435
Protestant
Baptist
Episcopalian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Mormon
Lutheran
Protestant- other
All otherh
62
43
105
Total
295 140
435
42
57
99
a
249 184 433
44
53
97
50
49
98
245
187
432a
255
180
435
b
240 192 432
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
c
276 157 433
40
Table 1-14
97th (1981)
R
Total
40
119
D
87
98th (1983)
R
Total
37
124
D
81
99th (1985)
R
Total
42
123
100th (1989)
D
R
Total
83
40
123
101st (1989)
D
R
Total
78
38
116
102nd (1991)
D
R
Total
84
34
118
103rd (1993)
D
R
Total
77
39
116
104th (1995)
D
R
Total
71 56
127
105th (1997)
D
R
Total
76
51
127
Catholic
D
79
Jewish
20
6
26
24
5
29
24
6
30
24
4
28
26
5
31
27e
6
33
28e
4
32
21e
4
25
22e
3
25
Protestant
Baptist
Episcopalian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Mormon
Lutheran
Protestant- other
30
25
25
19
2
7
13
27
28
28
5
14
43
52
53
47
7
21
30
23
34
24
3
9
8
19
22
24
6
12
38
42
56
48
9
21
28
23
35
21
4
8
10
22
27
26
5
12
38
45
62
47
9
20
33
20
37
19
3
9
10
19
26
26
5
11
43
39
63
45
8
20
34
22
37
17
3
10
11
20
26
26
5
11
45
42
63
43
8
21
33
23
37
15
4
9
12
16
26
26
4
9
45
39
63
41
8
18
35
18
31
21
2
9
14
17
25
26
7
8
49
35
54
47
9
17
28
13
21
17
1
6
23
22
27
29
9
9
51
33
48
46
10
15
31
10
17
15
1
9
11
27
21
29
28
10
8
33
58
31
46
43
11
17
44
All otherh
35
31
66
33
32
65
29
32
61
29
36
65
30
33
64
37
33
70
37
35
72
27
51
78
16
17
33
Total
242 192
434
267 165
432
253
182
435
257
177
434
257
175
433d
269
166
435
258
175
435
205 230
435
208 227
435
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
41
Table 1-14
Catholic
106th (1999)
D
R
Total
76
50
126
107th (2001)
D
R
Total
76
49
125
108th (2003)
D
R
Total
71
53
124
109th (2005)
D
R
Total
72
57
129
110th (2007)
D
R Total
128
87 41
111th (2009)
D
R
Total
96
37
133
112th (2011)
D
R Total
69
63
132
113th (2013)
D
R
Total
78
61
139
Jewish
22e
1
23
25e
2
27
25e
1
26
25e
1
26
29
1
30
30
1
31
25
1
26
21
1
22
19
Protestant
Baptist
Episcopalian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Mormon
Lutheran
Protestant- other
34
9
16
15
2
9
12
28
21
34
26
10
8
28
62
30
50
41
12
17
40
33
7
16
15
3
8
13
30
23
34
23
8
8
25
64f
30
50
38
11
16
38
33
10
16
11
3
9
12
33
24
34
26
9
10
22
66
34
50
37
12
19
34
29
9
18
11
2
10
10
36
23
32
25
9
8
23
65
32
50
36
11
18
33
28
8
23
13
2
9
13
32
20
28
21
8
7
27
60
28
51
34
10
16
40
29
13
23
15
1
11
12
28
18
23
16
7
9
26
57
31
46
31
8
20
38
24
13
12
11
1
8
11
36
21
25
20
8
13
44
60
34
37
31
9
21
55
25
15
10
8
2
8
14
43
19
25
20
7
10
40
68
34
35
28
9
18
54
68
34
33
21
9
19
53
All otherh
17
16
33
16
19
35
16
17
33
16
18
34
21
17
38
28
16
44
18
7
25
27
10
37
34
Total
212
222
434
212
221
434e,f,g
206e 229
435
202e 232
434
233 202
435
258
181
439
193 240
430
208 236
444
426
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
114th (2015)
Total
136
42
Note: D indicates Democrats; R indicates Republicans. Third parties are omitted unless otherwise
noted. Figures represent the makeup of congress at the end of the first session.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. John Fogarty (D-RI) was elected in 1966 but died before being sworn into office. Adam Powell (DNY) was elected in 1966 but the results were contested and he was not sworn into office.
b. Nicholas Begich (D-AK) and Hale Boggs (D-LA) were elected posthumously. George Collins (D-IL)
was elected in 1972 but died before being sworn into office.
c. Leo Ryan (D-CA) and William Steiger (R-WI) were elected in 1978 but died before being sworn into
office.
d. William Nichols (D-AL) was elected in 1988 but died before being sworn into office. Daniel Coats (RIN) won reelection in 1988 but was appointed to Dan Quayle's Senate seat on December 12, 1988.
e. Total includes Bernard Sanders (I-VT).
f. Total includes Virgil H. Goode, Jr. (I-VA).
g. Julian Dixon (D-CA) was elected in 2000 but died before being sworn into office.
h. "All other" includes African Methodist Episcopal, Christian Church, Christian Reformed Church,
Christian Scientist, Disciples of Christ, Eastern Orthodox, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist,
Unitarian, United Church of Christ/Congregationalist, Unspecified, Other
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; CQ Roll Call, "Guide to the New
Congress," 114th Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
43
Table 1-15
Religious Affiliations of Senators, 89th - 114th Congresses, 1965 - 2015
Catholic
89th (1965)
D R Total
12 2
14
90th (1967)
D R Total
11 2
13
91st (1969)
D R Total
10 3
13
92nd (1971)
D R Total
9 3
12
93rd (1973)
D R Total
b
10 4
14
Jewish
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
9
8
15
8
3
7
7
3
12
15
22
11
7
8
15
8
4
7
8
4
11
15
23
12
6 3
5 10
14 8
8 6
9
15
22
14
5 3
4 13
13 7
10 6
8
17
20
16
4
6c
12
8
3
11
5
7
7
17
17
15
6
6c
11
10
3
2
0
1
3
3
Protestant
Baptist
Episcopalian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Mormon
Lutheran
Protestant- other
94th (1975)
D
R Total
12a 4b
16
95th (1977)
D R Total
10 3
13
96th (1979)
D R Total
9
4
13
3
4
1
5
5
2
7
3
9
5
7
9
15
16
17
6
6c
13
9
3
11
7
5
9
17
20
14
6
5c
13
10
5
12
6
2
11
17
19
12
3
2
0
0
3
2
2
1
0
0
2
1
2
2
4
All other
15
9
24
14 10
24
13 12
25
13 12
25
11
11
22
10
9
19
11
8
19
9
8
17
Total
68 32
100
64 36
100
57 43
100
55 45
100
57
43
100
62
38
100
62
38
100
59
41
100
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
44
Table 1-15
Catholic
97th (1981)
D R Total
9
8
17
98th (1983)
D R Total
9
8
17
99th (1985)
D R Total
11 8
19
100th (1987)
D R Total
13 6
19
101st (1989)
D R Total
12 7
19
102nd (1991)
D R Total
13 8
21
103rd (1993)
D R Total
15 8
23
104th (1995)
D R Total
12 9
21
105th (1997)
D R Total
15 9
24
Jewish
3
3
6
4
4
8
4
4
8
3
4
7
5
3
8
6
2
8
9
1
10
8
1
9
9
1
10
Protestant
Baptist
Episcopalian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Mormon
Lutheran
Protestant- other
3
5c
8
8
1
1
6
15
9
2
3
2
9
20
17
10
4
3
3
4
10
8
0
1
6
16
8
2
3
2
9
20
18
10
3
3
4
3
9
7
0
2
7
18
6
1
3
1
11
21
15
8
3
3
4
5
9
9
1
2
7
14
5
2
2
1
11
19
14
11
3
3
4
7
9
7
1
2
9
13
4
1
2
2
13
20
13
8
3
4
4
6
8
7
1
2
7
12
4
3
2
1
11
18
12
10
3
3
3
4
7
4
1
3
7
12
5
3
2
1
10
16
12
7
3
4
3
4
5
3
1
3
7
10
6
7
2
2
10
14
11
10
3
5
2
2
5
2
1
3
0
7
9
8
8
3
2
2
9
11
13
10
4
5
2
All other
9
5
14
7
5
12
7
5
12
8
5
13
8
4
12
10
4
14
10
5
15
8
9
17
6
6
12
Total
47
53
100
46
54
100
47
53
100
54
46
100
55
45
100
57
43
100
56 44
100
47 53
100
45 55
100
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
45
Table 1-15
Catholic
106th (1999)
D R Total
14 11
25
107th (2001)
D R Total
14 10
24
108th (2003)
D
R Total
14 11
25
109th (2005)
D R Total
13 11
24
110th (2007)
D R Total
16 9
25
111th (2009)
D R Total
17 9
26
112th (2011)
D R Total
15 9
24
113th (2013)
D R Total
19 10
29
Jewish
10
1
11
9
1
10
9
2
11
9
2
11
11e
2
13
11
1
12
12
0
12
11
0
11
9
Protestant
Baptist
Episcopalian
Methodist
Presbyterian
Mormon
Lutheran
Protestant- other
1
4
5
1
1
3
2
7
9
7
6
4
2
2
8
13
12
7
5
5
4
2
3
10
3
1
3
0
7
7
6
7
4
1
3
9
10
16
10
5
4
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
2
5
7
5
10
4
1
2
6
10
12
13
5
4
4
1
3
5
3
1
2
3
6
7
7
11
4
1
2
7
10
12
14
5
3
5
1
4
5
2
1
3
3
6
6
7
8
4
0
4
7
10
12
10
5
3
7
2
3
4
4
2
4
7
6
3
5
8
3
0
3
8
6
9
12
5
4
10
0
1
4
5
2
3
7
8
3
7
9
3
1
3
8
4
11
14
5
4
10
1
2
2
6
2
4
7
9
2
5
8
5
1
6
10
4
7
14
7
5
13
10
4
9
13
7
7
9
All other
4
6
10
5
4
9
6d
4
10
5
4
9
5
3
8
4
3
7
5
6
11
4
0
4
7
Total
45 55
100
50 50
100
43
51
100
45
55
100
51
49
100
58 41
99
54 49
103
58 46
104
100
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
114th (2015)
Total
25
46
Note: D indicates Democrats; R indicates Republicans. Third parties are omitted unless otherwise
noted. Figures represent the makeup of congress at the end of the first session.
Data from earlier years/previous versions of this table have been changed. Please see the errata
document for more details.
a. Total includes John Durkin (D-NH) who was elected by special election to fill a disputed seat
vacancy on September 16, 1975.
b. Total includes James Buckley (Conservative-NY).
c. Total includes Harry Byrd (I-VA).
d. Total includes James Jeffords (I-VT).
e. Total includes Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Joseph Lieberman (I-CT).
Previous Source: In previous updates, this data was compiled from multiple sources, including:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions);
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues.
Most Recent Update Source: Congressional Quarterly Almanac; CQ Roll Call, "Guide to the New
Congress," 114th Congress
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
47
Table 1-16 African Americans in Congress, 41st - 114th Congresses, 1869 - 2015
Congress
41st
42nd
43rd
44th
45th
46th
47th
48th
49th
50th
51st
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
(1869)
(1871)
(1873)
(1875)
(1877)
(1879)
(1881)
(1883)
(1885)
(1887)
(1889)
(1891)
(1893)
(1895)
(1897)
(1899)a
(1929)
(1931)
(1933)
(1935)
(1937)
(1939)
(1941)
(1943)
(1945)
(1947)
(1949)
(1951)
(1953)
(1955)
House
D
R
2
5
7
7
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Senate
D
R
1
1
1
1
Congress
85th
(1957)
86th
(1959)
87th
(1961)
88th
(1963)
89th
(1965)
90th
(1967)
91st
(1969)
92nd
(1971)
93rd
(1973)
94th
(1975)
95th
(1977)
96th
(1979)
97th
(1981)
98th
(1983)
99th
(1985)
100th
(1987)
101st
(1989)
102nd
(1991)
103rd
(1993)
104th
(1995)
105th
(1997)
106th
(1999)
107th
(2001)
108th
(2003)
109th
(2005)
110th
(2007)
111thb
(2009)
112th
(2011)
113thc
(2013)
114th
(2015)
House
D
R
3
3
3
4
5
5
9
13
16
16
15
15
17
20
20
22
23
25
1
38
1
37
2
36
1
36
1
35
1
37
40
40
39
40
2
41
42
2
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Senate
D
R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
48
Note: The data do not include nonvoting delegates or commissioners.
Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the first day of the session.
a. After the 56th Congress, there were no African American members in
either the House or Senate until the 71st Congress.
b. Roland Burris was not seated on the first day of the 111th session.
c. Tim Scott, who was appointed on December 17th to replace outgoing
Senator Jim DeMint, is included in the Senate totals.
Source: Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1977, H. Doc. 95-258, 95th
Cong., 1st sess., 1977; Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington,
D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, various editions); Congressional Quarterly
Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of
Representatives, http://clerk.house.gov; “Membership of the 114th
Congress: A Profile," Congressional Research Service
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
49
Table 1-17 Asian Americans in Congress, 58th - 114th Congresses, 1903-2015
Congress
58th
(1903)
59th
(1905)
60th
(1907)
61st
(1909)
62nd
(1911)
63rd
(1913)
64th
(1915)
65th
(1917)
66th
(1919)
67th
(1921)
68th
(1923)
69th
(1925)
70th
(1927)
71st
(1929)
72nd
(1931)
73rd
(1933)
74th
(1935)
75th
(1937)
76th
(1939)
77th
(1941)
78th
(1943)
79th
(1945)
80th
(1947)
81st
(1949)
82nd
(1951)
83rd
(1953)
84th
(1955)
85th
(1957)
86th
(1959)
House
D
R
1
2
Senate
D
R
1
Congress
87th
(1961)
88th
(1963)
89th
(1965)
90th
(1967)
91st
(1969)
92nd
(1971)
93rd
(1973)
94th
(1975)
95th
(1977)
96th
(1979)
97th
(1981)
98th
(1983)
99th
(1985)
100th
(1987)
101st
(1989)
102nd
(1991)
103rd
(1993)
104th
(1995)
105th
(1997)
106th
(1999)
107th
(2001)
108th
(2003)
109th
(2005)
110th
(2007)
111th
(2009)
112th
(2011)
113th
(2013)
114th
(2015)
House
D
R
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
5
4
4
1
5
1
4
1
7
1
10
0
11
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Senate
D
R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
1
0
50
Note: The data do not include nonvoting delegates or
commissioners. Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the
first day of the session.
Source: "Asian Pacific Americans in the United States Congress;"
“Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile", Congressional
Research Service
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
51
Table 1-18
Congress
41st
42nd
43rd
63rd
64th
65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
Hispanic Americans in Congress, 41st - 114th Congresses, 1869 - 2015
House
D
R
(1869)
(1871)
(1873)
(1913)
(1915)
(1917)
(1919)
(1921)
(1923)
(1925)
(1927)
(1929)
(1931)
(1933)
(1935)
(1937)
(1939)
(1941)
(1943)
(1945)
(1947)
(1949)
(1951)
(1953)
(1955)
(1957)
(1959)
(1961)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Senate
D
R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Congress
88th
(1963)
89th
(1965)
90th
(1967)
91st
(1969)
92nd
(1971)
93rd
(1973)
94th
(1975)
95th
(1977)
96th
(1979)
97th
(1981)
98th
(1983)
99th
(1985)
100th
(1987)
101st
(1989)
102nd
(1991)
103rd
(1993)
104th
(1995)
105th
(1997)
106th
(1999)
107th
(2001)
108th
(2003)
109th
(2005)
110th
(2007)
111th
(2009)
112th
(2011)
113th
(2013)
114th
(2015)
House
D
R
3
3
3
3
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
9
1
10 1
10 1
9
1
10 1
14 3
14 3
14 3
16 3
16 3
18 4
19 4
20 3
21 3
19 8
23 5
23 9
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Senate
D
R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
52
Note: The data do not include nonvoting delegates or
commissioners. Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the
first day of the session.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 17741989; Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.:
Congressional Quarterly, various editions); Congressional Quarterly
Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of
Representatives, http://clerk.house.gov;
http://www.senate.gov/galleries/daily/minority.htm; “Membership of
the 114th Congress: A Profile", Congressional Research Service
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
53
Table 1-19
Congress
65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
Women in Congress, 65th - 114th Congresses, 1917 - 2015
House
D
R
1
Senate
D
R
2
1
2
3
5
3
3
2
1
4
5
6
5
4
4
6
7
7
6
8
7
6
4
1
(1917)
(1919)
(1921)
(1923)
(1925) 1
(1927) 2
(1929) 4
(1931) 4
(1933) 4
(1935) 4
(1937) 4
(1939) 4
(1941) 4
(1943) 2
(1945) 6
(1947) 3
(1949) 5
(1951) 4
(1953) 5
(1955) 10
(1957) 9
(1959) 9
(1961) 11
(1963) 6
(1965) 7
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Congress
90th
(1967)
91st
(1969)
92nd (1971)
93rd (1973)
94th
(1975)
95th
(1977)
96th
(1979)
97th
(1981)
98th
(1983)
99th
(1985)
100th (1987)
101st (1989)
102nd (1991)
103rd (1993)
104th (1995)
105th (1997)
106th (1999)
107th (2001)
108th (2003)
109th (2005)
110th (2007)
111th (2009)
112th (2011)
113th (2013)
114th (2015)
House
D
R
5
5
6
4
10
3
14
2
14
5
13
5
11
5
10
9
13
9
13
9
12 11
14 11
19
9
36 12
31 17
35 16
40 16
41 18
38 21
42 23
50 21
57 17
52 24
56 20
62 22
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Senate
D
R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
6
6
10
9
9
11
13
12
16
14
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
4
5
4
6
54
Note: The data include only women who were sworn in as
members and served more than one day. Figures represent the
makeup of Congress on the first day of the session.
Source: Women in Congress, H. Rept. 94-1732, 94th Cong., 2nd
sess., 1976; Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Washington, D.C.:
Congressional Quarterly, various editions); Congressional
Quarterly Weekly Report, various issues; Clerk of the U.S. House
of Representatives, http://clerk.house.gov; US Senate,
http://www.senate.gov.; “Membership of the 114th Congress: A
Profile", Congressional Research Service
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
55
Table 1-20 Political Parties of Senators and Representatives, 34th - 114th Congresses, 1855 - 2015
Senate
34th
35th
36th
37th
38th
39th
40th
41st
42nd
43rd
44th
45th
46th
47th
48th
49th
50th
51st
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
57th
58th
59th
60th
61st
62nd
63rd
64th
65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
Congress
(1855 - 1857)
(1857 - 1859)
(1859 - 1861)
(1861 - 1863)
(1863 - 1865)
(1865 - 1867)
(1867 - 1869)
(1869 - 1871)
(1871 - 1873)
(1873 - 1875)
(1875 - 1877)
(1877 - 1879)
(1879 - 1881)
(1881 - 1883)
(1883 - 1885)
(1885 - 1887)
(1887 - 1889)
(1889 - 1891)
(1891 - 1893)
(1893 - 1895)
(1895 - 1897)
(1897 - 1899)
(1899 - 1901)
(1901 - 1903)
(1903 - 1905)
(1905 - 1907)
(1907 - 1909)
(1909 - 1911)
(1911 - 1913)
(1913 - 1915)
(1915 - 1917)
(1917 - 1919)
(1919 - 1921)
(1921 - 1923)
(1923 - 1925)
(1925 - 1927)
(1927 - 1929)
(1929 - 1931)
(1931 - 1933)
(1933 - 1935)
(1935 - 1937)
(1937 - 1939)
(1939 - 1941)
(1941 - 1943)
(1943 - 1945)
(1945 - 1947)
(1947 - 1949)
(1949 - 1951)
(1951 - 1953)
(1953 - 1955)
(1955 - 1957)
(1957 - 1959)
Number of
senators
62
64
66
50
51
52
53
74
74
74
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
84
88
88
88
90
90
90
90
90
92
92
92
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
Democrats
42
39
38
11
12
10
11
11
17
19
29
36
43
37
36
34
37
37
39
44
39
34
26
29
32
32
29
32
42
51
56
53
47
37
43
40
47
39
47
59
69
75
69
66
57
57
45
54
48
46
48
49
Republicans
15
20
26
31
39
42
42
61
57
54
46
39
33
37
40
41
39
47
47
38
44
46
53
56
58
58
61
59
49
44
39
42
48
59
51
54
48
56
48
36
25
17
23
28
38
38
51
42
47
48
47
47
House of Representatives
Other
parties
5
5
2
7
Vacant
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
5
10
11
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
2
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Number of
representatives
234
237
237
178
183
191
193
243
243
293
293
293
293
293
325
325
325
330
333
356
357
357
357
357
386
386
386
391
391
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
Democrats
83
131
101
42
80
46
49
73
104
88
181
156
150
130
200
182
170
156
231
220
104
134
163
153
178
136
164
172
228
290
231
a
210
191
132
207
183
195
163
216b
313
322
333
262
267
222
243
188
263
234
213
232
234
Republicans
108
92
113
106
103
145
143
170
139
203
107
137
128
152
119
140
151
173
88
126
246
206
185
198
207
250
222
219
162
127
193
216
237
300
225
247
237
267
218
117
103
89
169
162
209
190
246
171
199
221
203
201
Other
parties
43
14
23
28
Vacant
2
1
3
14
11
6
2
4
1
14
10
7
16
9
5
1
18
8
9
7
1
3
5
3
1
1
5
10
13
4
6
4
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
4
56
Table 1-20 Political Parties of Senators and Representatives, 34th - 114th Congresses, 1855 - 2015
Senate
86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
Congress
(1959 - 1961)
(1961 - 1963)
(1963 - 1965)
(1965 - 1967)
(1967 - 1969)
(1969 - 1971)
(1971 - 1973)
(1973 - 1975)
(1975 - 1977)
(1977 - 1979)
(1979 - 1981)
(1981 - 1983)
(1983 - 1985)
(1985 - 1987)
(1987 - 1989)
(1989 - 1991)
(1991 - 1993)
(1993 - 1995)
(1995 - 1997)
(1997 - 1999)
(1999 - 2001)
(2001 - 2003)
(2003 - 2005)
(2005 - 2007)
(2007 - 2009)
(2009 - 2011)
(2011 - 2013)
(2013 - 2015)
(2015 - 2017)
Number of
senators
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Democrats
64
64
67
68
64
58
54
56
61
61
58
46
46
47
55
55
56
57
47
45
45
50
48
44
49
55
51
53
44
Republicans
34
36
33
32
36
42
44
42
37
38
41
53
54
53
45
45
44
43
53
55
55
50
51
55
49
41
47
45
54
House of Representatives
Other
parties
Vacant
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
0
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
Number of
representatives
436c
437d
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
435
Democrats
283
262
258
295
246
243
255
239
291
292
276
243
268
252
258
259
267
258
204
207
211
211
205
201
233
256
193
200
188
Republicans
153
175
176
140
187
192
180
192
144
143
157
192
166
182
177
174
167
176
230
227
223
221
229
232
202
178
242
233
247
Other
parties
Vacant
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
57
Note: Figures represent the makeup of Congress on the first day of the session.
a. Democrats organized House with help of other parties.
b. Democrats organized House because of Republican deaths.
c. Alaska was admitted as a state in 1958. The total figure includes the addition of Alaska's
representative.
d. Alaska was admitted as a state in 1958 and Hawaii in 1959. The total figure includes the addition of
Alaska's and Hawaii's representatives.
Source: Congressional Directory, various editions; Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, various
issues; Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, http://clerk.house.gov; US Senate,
http://www.senate.gov; The Almanac of American Politics (Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group,
various editions).
http://www.brookings.edu/VitalStats
58