Supporting the driver
in conserving energy
and reducing emissions
Interim Results & Field Trials
For more information, visit: www.ecodriver-project.eu
Stay in touch by joining the ecoDriver Forum and LinkedIn group at:
www.ecodriver-project.eu/get-involved
Duration:
1 October 2011 – 30 September 2015 (48 months)
Total cost:
€14.5 million
EU contribution: €10.7 million
ecoDriver is an integrated project and
receives funding from the European Union
Seventh Framework Programme under
grant agreement no. 288611
CO 2
Supporting the driver
in conserving energy
and reducing emissions
ecoDriver
The 4-year ecoDriver project (2011 to 2015) is developing and trialling applications to
encourage the adoption of green driving through dedicated multimodal human machine
interfaces (visual, acoustic and haptic messages are being tested). The aim is to achieve a
20% reduction of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for road vehicles where the ecoDriver
system is used. The project also models future scenarios where such applications could
achieve significant reductions in CO2 emissions across road transport in Europe.
Environmentally friendly driving, or eco-driving, is an increasingly important topic given the
real contribution it can make to saving fuel and reducing carbon emissions.
Drivers often do not realise the amount of influence their driving style has on their vehicle’s
fuel consumption, potentially leading to significant unnecessary emissions and increased
fuel costs. The goal of eco-driving applications is to assist drivers of cars, buses and trucks
in optimising their driving behaviour in different circumstances. This will improve energy
efficiency, without compromising safety.
The systems developed by the project will enable drivers to receive eco-driving
recommendations during their trip. These are adapted to their driving style and to the
vehicle characteristics in order to maximise user acceptance. After the trip, drivers can (as
an option) be informed about their performance and receive further advice. Through different
means, the system will continuously encourage users to modify their driving behaviour, thus
saving them money on fuel and reducing their carbon footprint.
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Key outputs
Sub-Project 1: Supporting drivers in eco-driving
The main outputs of the project will be:
This sub-project provided a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of powertrains, ecodriving support systems, Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI), behaviour change strategies and
user expectations (see Deliverable 11.1 in the Library section of the ecoDriver website).
• The Full ecoDriver System (FeDS) – a built-in after-market application for passenger cars, with separate versions adapted for commercial vehicles (lorries and buses)
• Eco-driving support in cars via nomadic devices (development of a smartphone application) with an adapted human-machine interface to allow safe use when driving
•
Feedback and information strategies which are tailored to different types of drivers, vehicles and situations. Drivers’ personalities and behaviour typologies will be differentiated in order to increase acceptance and use of the green driving applications (for example catering for drivers with a relaxed style of driving or those with a more sporty style)
• Eco-driving back office analysis software for commercial fleets
• Analysis of costs and benefits of the applications and scaling up their effects from localised trials to the EU level
Progress so far
The technical work in ecoDriver is divided into five Sub-Projects (SP1 to SP5). SP1 explores
how drivers can be supported using a variety of modalities and applications, in cooperation
with SP2 which develops real time energy use and emissions algorithms. These two SPs are
now completed. The real-world trials of the ecoDriver systems and applications form SP3,
which is currently underway.
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Indicating to drivers whether or not they are driving in an energy-efficient way, for example
via a red or green light on the dashboard, would be simple. However users of such a basic
green driving system became frustrated, as it showed them that they were not eco-driving
but it did not explain the reasons or how they could improve.
Eco-driving may not directly receive a warm welcome. Although the need for a more
environmentally friendly lifestyle is evident, only a few are willing to adapt their own
lifestyle, let alone their driving style. The ecoDriver project is exploring ways to increase the
compliance of drivers with the advice on optimal green driving speeds. Through a number of
driving simulator experiments and instrumented vehicle studies, the project tried different
advice strategies to find out:
•
•
•
which work and which do not,
how the information can best be presented to the driver
(through visual or haptic means) and
when and in which form advice or feedback can best be presented.
The project has identified events (such as approaching a lower speed limit) for which the
optimal cause of action can be conveyed to the driver, together with the reason for that
action. The system can then provide information on how well the driver performed.
The different developments are implemented in existing systems by manufacturers (CRF,
BMW, Daimler, TomTom) and a new system (FeDS) is developed comprising all the ecoDriver
features.
Later in the project, SP4 will evaluate the effectiveness of the systems in terms of fuel
consumption, CO2 emissions, driver acceptance and behaviour, comparing nomadic and
integrated devices. Lastly, SP5 will estimate potential Europe-wide impacts by scaling-up
the results obtained during the test trials. The impacts of future technological, political,
and lifestyle scenarios on green driving support systems and on CO2 emissions will also be
explored.
1
It went on to identify the best means of securing maximum driver compliance with high
quality advice on adopting an energy-saving driving style. For many drivers such advice
could be to drive more slowly than they normally would. For others it could mean that they
should accelerate or decelerate more smoothly. Others could switch off their engine more
often, while a few drivers may not need any advice. The challenge was to develop techniques
of changing very diverse driving habits.
7
Sub-Project 2: Real-time calculation of energy use and emissions
Sub-Project 3: Real-world trials
This work, which finished in the summer of 2013, derived powertrain models to accurately
estimate CO2 emissions, and validate such algorithms using real measurements. Models of
the vehicles taking part in the field trials were developed and then integrated in eco-driving
algorithms. This enables the system to analyse how the driver performed in the recent past
and what he or she should do in the near future in order to further reduce emissions and
fuel consumption. This analysis is based on the vehicle and its surroundings (monitored for
example via radar and map data).
Real world trials start between October 2013 and March 2014 across seven European
countries involving twelve different fleets due to the requirements of data collection
and experimental design. Sixty-six vehicles will be used, including passenger cars, Light
Commercial Vehicles (LCVs), trucks and buses. With respect to types of powertrain, the fleet
comprises petrol and diesel Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs), hybrid vehicles and electric
vehicles. Some of the trials will be on fixed routes, allowing comparison between different
drivers and vehicles with and without the ecoDriver systems (either the embedded FeDS
or applications on nomadic devices). Other trials will be naturalistic, without fixed routes,
to show how drivers user the ecoDriver systems when they are free to decide. Overall, 190
drivers will take part in the trials.
VEHICLE
VEHICLE & SURROUNDINGS
HOW DID
YOU DRIVE?
ANALYSIS
Data gathered during the trials will be provided to SP4 and SP5 in order to evaluate the
savings in CO2 emissions and fuel use to be assessed, as well as driver usage and feedback.
CONSTRAINTS
ADVICE
WHAT SHOULD
YOU DO?
WHAT’S
GOING ON?
Schematic overview for the Full ecoDriver System (FeDS)
There are several algorithms, suitable for PCs, smartphones, nomadic devices
and for integrated dashboards, which have all been fine-tuned using simulations.
Although the on-road trials will start in late autumn 2013, these algorithms
have already been tested in some vehicles together with other soft- and hardware.
One example is an electric vehicle: the Nissan Leaf, which is equipped with the
Full ecoDriver System (FeDS).
Test site locations
SWEDEN
Location: Linköping
Partner: VTI
UK
System to be tested:
- Full ecoDriver System
Location: Leeds
• 1 Car
• 10 Drivers
Partner: University of Leeds
System to be tested:
- Aftermarket System
NETHERLANDS
• 10 Buses
• 30 Drivers
Location: Nationwide
Partner: TomTom
System to be tested:
- Aftermarket System
SPAIN
• 15 Trucks/LCVs
(Light Commercial Vehicles)
• Over 10 Drivers
Location: Vigo
Partner: CTAG
System to be tested:
- Full ecoDriver System
• 12 Cars
• 50 Drivers
GERMANY
Location:Munich, Aachen,
Stuttgart and Nationwide
FRANCE
Location: Versailles
Partner: IFSTTAR
Systems to be tested:
- Full ecoDriver System
- Android System
• 12 Cars
• 30 Drivers
ITALY
Location: Turin
Partner: CRF
System to be tested:
- Full ecoDriver System
• 3 Cars
• 10 Drivers
Partner: BMW
IKA - RWTH Aachen University
Daimler
TomTom
Systems to be tested:
- Full ecoDriver System
- Proprietary Daimler System
- Aftermarket System
• 2 Cars
• 11 Trucks/LCVs
• 40-50 Drivers
What will it look like?
The following images are examples from the Full ecoDriver System (FeDS). Other versions of
ecoDriver systems have also been developed: a proprietary Daimler system for trucks (based on
FeDS but using different software), an aftermarket system and a Smartphone application.
Main ecoDriver screen
This screen is designed to use while driving. In it, the driver has important and synthesised
information for eco-driving.
1.Icons
On top of this screen there are 4 icons to show the status
of the system.
From left to right:
• Power connection: Shows if the device is connected or not
to the power supply.
• GPS (Global Positioning System) information: Indicates if the system receives GPS information from satellites.
• OBD (On-Board Diagnosis) information: icon that indicates that the system gets CAN (Controller Area Network) information.
• Radar: information about the reception of the front radar installed
on the car.
2. Gear information
The current gear engaged appears in white. The recommended gear is shown through arrows. An
arrow pointing upwards indicates that the driver should shift up. A downwards arrow indicates
the opposite. No arrow means that the driver is already in the best gear for eco-driving.
5. Tree
The system uses the ecological graphical design of a tree, with oxygen bubbles, to show the
global score achieved by the driver from all the actions performed by following (or not following)
the system’s recommendations. The score is calculated taking into account acceleration,
deceleration, cruising, shifting and idling.
More bubbles mean that the driver has a good score, achieved following the system
recommendations. There are eleven possible status of the tree, from no bubbles to full of
bubbles, taking into account that every bubble can be small or complete.
6. Buttons
At the bottom of the screen there are 3 buttons:
• Driver button: it offers access to screens for driver profile edition.
• Advice and Feedback buttons: They allow activation or deactivation of the pop ups with information for incoming events (“Advice”) or feedback about how suggested actions
were performed (“Feedback”).
Pop ups
During driving, some relevant information is generated by the FeDS and
is shown on the HMI by pop ups.
They appear on the main ecoDriver screen covering the lower half of the
screen, leaving available the gear and speed information.
The pop ups advise on upcoming bends, gradients, preceding vehicles
and speed recommendations, whilst also giving information about an
action to perform. In the example, the driver is approaching a bend and
the system recommends taking the foot off the accelerator in advance
to reach the bend at the lower speed which is recommended on the
speedometer in the image.
3. Speedometer
Next to the gear recommendation, information about the speed is available.
The blue needle represents the current speed in km/h, as in a common speedometer.
The green area on the speedometer shows the eco-speed, this means, the best speed (or speed
range), for an eco-driving style. The green speed depends on the road limits, car configuration,
powertrain, vehicle ahead, etc.
4. Level indication
On the left side of the tree there is an
avatar on a couple of coins. These coins
represent the level that the system gives
to the driver taking into account the
driving behaviour of all the previous trips.
There are four possible levels: No level
(no coins), beginner (1 coin), medium (2
coins) and expert (3 coins). The driver
can be promoted or demoted from one
level to other, depending on how the
recommendations of the systems have
been followed.
Trip information screen
At the end of the trip, a summary of information is shown to the driver
in order to inform about the actions performed in the 5 dimensions
(acceleration, deceleration, cruising, shifting and idling). The global
score, duration and date are also shown.
The button “Tips”, at the bottom of the screen, opens a new screen with
some tips related to the results of the trip. Tips about the dimensions
with lower scores (like cruising and idling in the example) would be
shown.
This information can be checked at any time in more detail (including in
graphical format) in other screens of the application, as they are stored.