Benedict Arnolds Regimental Memorandum Book

BEN EDICT ARN O LD S
’
REGIMEN TAL MEMO RAN DUM BO O K
.
WRIT TEN WHILE AT
T ICO N DERO GA AN D
CRO WN PO IN T , 1775
.
e r n t ed f r o m
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T i c o n der oga a n d C r o w n P o i n t i n 1 7 7 5 w s s o m e ye a rs ago i n t h p o sses
s io n o f a l a dy l i v i n g i n t he w es t er n p a r t o f P e n n syl va n i a S i n c e t h at t i me
i t h a s b ee n l o s t b u t b efo re t h i s h ap p e n ed P r o f W H B T h o m a s t ra n
scr ib ed i t a n d w e a re i n de b t ed to h i m fo r t he use o f h i s Co p y fo r p u b l i c a t i o n
T he e v e n t s o f w h i ch i t t re at s a re a m o n g t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t i n t he
a n n a l s o f t he Re vo l u t io n w h i l e t he su b se ! ue n t c a reer o f i t s w r i t er gi v es a
m o u r n fu l i n t eres t to a l l c o n n ec t ed w i t h t h at po r t io n o f h i s l i fe i n w h i ch h i s
de vot i o n to h i s c o u n t ry w s u n ! u es ti o n ed It h a s b ee n s ai d t h at de p r i v i n g
h i m o f c o m m n d o n t he l a k es wa s t h e fi rs t o f a ser i es o f a c t s o f i n j us ti c e
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w h i c h resu l t ed i n h i s i n e xcus ab l e cr i m e
el us i o n H i s ow n sel f i l fu l n ess w s t he c a use o f h i s rem ova l a n d led
e v e n t u a l l y t o h i s e v erl a s ti n g d i s g r a ce It w o u l d b e a n a c t o f i n ig ni fi nce
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c o m i n g s to d i sa p p o i n t m e n t s e n g e n dered b y t he i n j us ti ce a n d n a rr ow
m i n ded n ess o f t he a u t h o r i ti es h e ser v ed T h at o u r re a ders m a y u n ders ta n d
t h e c i rcu ms ta n c es u n der w h i ch t h e fo l l o w i n g mem o r a n d u m s ere w r i tt e n w e
w i l l a s b r i e ! y a s po ss i b l e re vi e w t h o se w h i ch l ed Ar n o l d to T i c o n der oga
a n d to h i s rem o va l fr o m c o m m a n d
I m med i at ely a ft er t h e bat t l e o f L ex i n gton h e m a rch ed fr o m N ew H av e n
fo r B o s t o n w i t h a c o m p a n y o f m i l it ia h e c o m m a n ded O n t h e w y he me t
S a m u el H o l de n P a rs o n s w h ow s re t u r n i n g to H a r t fo rd fr o m O x fo rd M a ss
T he l a t t er w a s dee p ly c o n cer n ed re ga rd i n g t he de fe n cel ess s tat e o f t he
c a m p at Ca m b r i d g e a n d t h e wa n t o f he a v y c a n n o n fo r t he s i e g e o f B o s to n
A r n o l d gav e h i m a n a cc o u n t o f t h e s tat e o f T i c o n der oga a n d to l d h i m
t h a t a g re at n um b er o f b r a ss c a n n o n w ere t here
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h at e k n ow o f A r n o l d t h at h e wo ul d h a v e c o u p l ed such a p r opo s i t io n w i t h
t h e i n fo rm at io n he c o m m u n i c at ed to P a rs o n s a n d i n t he a b se n ce o f a n y t h i n g
to t h e c o n t r a ry t he cred i t o f h a v i n g d o n e s o sh o u l d b e a cc o rd ed to h i m H e
n e v er h ow e v er cl ai m ed h a v i n g fi rs t c o n ce i v ed t he i de a a n d P a rs o n s w r ot e
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i n a n i m p er io us m a n n e r cl a i m ed c o m m a n d o f t he ex p ed i tio n i n fo rm i n g t h e
o ffi cers t h at t hey h a d n o p r op er o rders
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p ressed h i s cl ai ms b u t t h ey w ere d i sre ga rded a n d t he C o n n e c t i c u t C o m
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m i t t ee gav e A l le n c o m m a n d o f t he fo r t
d u m B oo k e v i n c es t h e c h ag r i n Ar n o l d fel t at t he t re at me n t he h a d re c e i v ed
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m i t t ee o f S a fe t y h e i n t i m at ed t h at he h a d a g reed w i t h A ll n t h a t l l o rde rs
sh o ul d b e i ssu ed b y t hem j oi n t l y b u t t he t es t i m o n y o f t he C o ma c l i e n t C o m
T hey w r ot e t o t h e M ss c lm s t t s
m i t t e i s ov er w hel m i n g l y to t he c o n t r a ry
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y 2 7 t h Ar n o l d w r ot e
t h at A ll en h a d e n t i rel y gi v e n u p c o mm a n d
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A r n o l d s exer tio n s at t h i s ti me w ere cer tai n l y o f g re at v a l u e to t h a c a u
o f I n de p e n de n ce H e wa s n ot o n ly c a rry i n g o u t t h e ch i ef obj ec t s i n v i e w
w he n t he ex p ed i t io n ag a i n s t t h e fo r t wa s p r oj ec t ed b u t w s s t re n gt he n i n g
T h e ex p ed i e n c y o f
a l l t he p o s t s ta k e n to p re v e n t t he i r b e i n g rec a p t u red
a n d e m i ss a r i es
n e x p ed i t i o n agai n s t C a n a d a wa s a ls o su gg es t ed to h i m
w ere e n gag ed to le a r n h ow fa r t he i n h ab i ta n t s o f t h at p r o v i n ce sym p at h i z ed
w it h t he c o l o n i es re p rese n t ed i n C o n g ress H a d he h a d a u t h o r i t y fo r w h at
he w a s d oi n g o r h a d he a c t ed u po n h i s ow n j ud g me n t i n t he ab se n ce o f a n y
a u t h o r i t y to t he c o n t r a ry n ot h i n g b u t cred i t c o ul d b e a w a rded to h i m B u t
t he m o re cl o sel y t he re a der ex a m i n es i n to t h e su bj ec t t he m o re t h o r o u g h l y
w i l l he b e c o n v i n ced t h at A r n o l d s c o n d u c t a m o u n t ed t o i n su bo rd i n at io n
a n d t h a t h a d l l w h o ch a n ced to fi nd t h ems el v es s it u at ed a s h e wa s — rem ov ed
fr o m t he i mmed i at e p rese n ce o f t he i r su p er i o rs— a c t ed w it h l i k e i n depen
d e n c e l l o rga n i ed O p po s i ti o n to P a rl ia m e n ta ry op p ress io n wo ul d h a v e
cru m b l ed i n to d us t
T he c a p t ure o f l i conderoga i n deed a p p e a rs to h av e s ta r t l ed t he c o u n t ry
a s m u ch a s d i d t he ba t t le o f L ex i n gto n a nd w h at to d o w i t h t he p r i e w s
a ! ues ti o n o f ser io u s i m p o r ta n ce As s oo n a s t h e P r o v i n c ia l C o n g ress o f
M a ss a c h use tt s le a r n ed t h at i t h a d b ee n e f ec t ed b y t r oo p s i n t he p y o f
Co n n ec t i c u t t hey su rre n de red a l l j u r i sd i c tio n i n t he m att er to t h a t c o l o n y
a n d i n a l e t t er to i t s A ssem b l v a s k ed t h at a ny c a n n o n t h at c o
u l d b e s pa red
sh o u l d b e se n t to Ca m b r i d g e su g g es ti n g t h at A r n o l d sh o u l d b e a p p o i n t ed
to b r i n g t hem a s t h at w o u l d l i k el y se tt l e a n y d i s p u t e t h at m i g h t h av e
o ccu rred a b o u t r a n k T o A r n o l d t hey se n t a c o p y o f t h i s l e t t er a n d o n t he
2 2 d o f M y to l d h i m t h at t he i r att e n t io n wa s s o o ccu pi ed w i t h a ffai rs a t
B o s to n t h at t hey h a d a s k ed C o n n ec ti cu t to att e n d to t h o se a t T i c o n der oga
T he mem b ers o f t he G e n er a l Co n g ress at P h i l a del p h i a a p p r o v ed o f t he
c a p t ure w he n t hey he a rd o f i t b u t a s t hey h a d not t he n ta k e n a n y s t e p s
towa rds t he fo rm atio n o f t h e Co n t i n e n ta l A rmy t hey rec o mm e n d ed t he
a u t h o r i ti es o f N ew Y o r k i n w h o se t err i to ry t he fo r t ress s too d a n d w h o h a d
ap p l i ed t o t hem fo r a d v i ce t ot a k e ch a r g e o f i t a n d to a s k w h at a ss i s ta n ce
w a s n ecess a ry fr o m t h e n e i g h bo r i n g c o l o n i es
N ew Y o r k n ot feel i n g t h at
she c o u l d g i v e t he m att er t he p r o m pt att e n t i o n re ! u i red a s k ed t he G ov er n
m e n t o f Co n n ec ti cu t to ga rr i s o n t h e p o s t
n d a p p oi n t a su i t ab l e p ers o n t o
c o mm a n d u n ti l she c o u l d fu r n i sh t he n ecess a ry t r 0 0 p s A c t i n g u p o n t h i s
i n vi tati o n G ov er n o r T ru m b u l l d i rec t ed Co l o n el H i n m a n to p r o ceed to
T i c o n der oga w i t h o n e t h o us a n d m e n W he n H i n m a n a rr i v ed t here A r n o l d
wo u l d n ot y i el d u p h i s c o mm a n d b u t c o m p el led h i m to rece i v e h i s o rders
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(A r n o ld ! re m ai n ed at C r o w n Poi n t
U p to t h i s ti m e A r n o l d h a d re tai n ed t h e c o n fide n c e a n d res p e c t o f t he
ru l ers o f M a ss a c h use tt s a n d Co nn e c ti c u t I t w a s n ot po ss i b l e h o w e v e r fo r
t h e Co n g ress o f M a ss a c h use tt s t oo v erl oo k h i s w i l ful d i sre g a rd o f t he i r
w i shes t h at a ff ai rs o
n t he l a k es sh o u l d b e u n der t h e d i re c ti o n o f Co nn e c
t icu
t a n d a c o m m i tt ee w a s appo i n t ed to p r o c eed to C r o w n Po i n t w i t h po w e r
to i n ! u i re i n to h i s c o n d u c t ex a m i n e h i s a c co u n t s d i s c h a r g e h i m fr o m t he
ser v i c e i f i t s a w fi t a nd to i n s i s t u po n h i s ser v i n g u n der H i n m a n i f h i s
W he n t he C o n g ress o f t he c o l o n y o f M
c o m m i ss i o n w a s c o n ti n u ed
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w r ot e W a l t er S poo n er to G o v er n o r T ru m b u l l
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t h at y o u r G o v er n me n t h a d se n t Co l o n el H i n m a n to La k e C h a m p l a i n w i t h a
t h o us a n d m e n to d efe n d t he i m po r t a n t po s t s t here i t w a s w it h t he dee p es t
c o n c er n t h at t hey s a w t h at he w a s n o t c o mm a n d er i n c h i e f o f t h o se fo r t resses
a n d t he i r app e n d a ges a n d i mmed i at ely d i s pat c hed a c o m m itt ee w here o f I
h a v e t he h o n o r to b e ch ai rm a n to l e t t he c o m m a n de r o f t he i r fo r ces k n o w
t h at i t w a s t he ex p e c tat i o n o f o u r Co n g ress t h at t he co m m a n der i n c h ic f o f
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t h e K i ng s t r oop s an d t h at t h e re w a s 300 Re g ul a rs a t S t
at 7 P M a n c h o red oppo s i t e poi n t A roa c h l
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i n t el l i g e n ce an d i n t h e n ig h t to p r o ceed w i t h i n tw o m i l es of
St J o h n s a n d i f po ss i b l e t o ta k e a ny pa r ty se n t o
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at n i g h t b ut o f Capt V a rn um s w i t h 4 m en t o go o n t h e
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i n g p r o ceeded w i t h i n o n e m i le o f St J o h n s “ h i s i n fo r m e d
t h e re wa s 3 00 Re g ul a rs a nd s oo n a ft e r t h ey w e r e c h a sed by
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t h e ba rr a c k s w h e re t h e Re g ul a rs to t h e n um b e r o f 300 m e n
w e re e n t re n ch i ng O ur p e op l e fi red tw o sh ot at t h e m w h i c h
wa s re t ur n e d b y t h e w h o l e bo dy
t h wa rd fo r t h ree day s
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b r ot h e rs at n i g h t a n ch o red abo v e Hig h l an d Bon n e t
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w e ig h ed an ch o r a n d at 5 P M
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a n d M aj o r El m o re h a d j u
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to m y Re g i m e n t an d se n t fo r M aj o r E l m o re w h o ex c use d
h i m sel f o n w h i c h I w rot e t h e Co un sel l t h at I c o ul d n o
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ti n y t h at I wa s at p rese n t t h e
& 0 a s t h ey t e n de d to r a i se a m u
o n l y l e gal Co m m a n d i n g O ffi ce r a n d sh o ul d n ot s uffe r m y
c o m m a n d t o b e d i s p ut ed b ut w o ul d w i l l i n g l y gi v e Up t h e
c o m m an d w h e n a ny o n e a pp e a re d w i t h p r op e r a ut h o r it y t o
ta k e i t Th i s h a d t h e d es i red effec t a n d t h ey gav e up t h e i r
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p r i vat e d i sc o urse w i t h El m o re i nt r uded a n d i n s ul t e d m e I
too ke t h e l i b e r ty o f b re a k i n g h i s h e a d a n d o n h i s r efus in g to
d r aw l i k e a g e n t l e m an h e h av i ng a h a n g e r b y h i s s i de a n d
c a se o f l oa ded Pi s to l s i n h i s po cke t I k i cke d h i m v e ry
h e a r ti ly a n d o r de red h i m fr o m t h e poi n t i m m e d i at el y 3
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o rde r s fro m t h e Co m m i tt ee o f A l ba n y fo r t h at p ur po se
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Sa m u el El m o re o f Co n n e cti c ut
2
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3
T h e l a n g u a g e used here i s c a l c u l at ed t o l e a v e t h e i m p ress i o n t h at i t w a s
M ajo r El m o re w h ow a s a ss a u l t ed b y A r n o l d a n d w h oa ct ed w i t h s o m u c h
p us i l l a n i m it y A l e tt er w r i tt e n fr o m T i c o n der o g a J u n e 2 5 t h a n d w h i c h
w e b el i e v e em a n at ed w i t h A r n o l d s a ys I h a d t he pl e a su re o f see i n g h i m
[ E a s to n ] he a r ti ly k i c k ed b y C o l o n el A r n o l d to t he g re at s at i sfa c t i o n o f a
n u m b er o f g e n t l eme n p rese n t a l t h o u g h h e w a s a rmed w i t h a c u t l a ss a n d a
pai r o f l oa ded p i s to l s i n h i s po c k e ts — S ee A m e r i ca n A rch i v es 4t h ser i es
l i i p 1 08 7
vo
1
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Benedi ct A r n o
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t h e Con t i n e n ta l Co ng r ess 2 Th e Boat re t ur n ed fr o m t h e m i l l
w i t h b oa r ds se n t h e r to T i c o n de r oga T h e p e o pl e e m p l oy e d
g e tti n g Oa rs re fi tti n g Ba r ra c k s S e n t a Boat w i t h S k e n s
N e g r o es to di g o re
S e n t a Boat an d 2 0 m en to H a y s p l a ce
to b r i n g up h i s l a r g e Ba t t oe
Wednesda y J un e 1 4th M e n e m p l oy e d d igg i n g Ba l l a n d
g e tti n g T i m b e r
m a k i ng Oa rs a n d T e nt s
I w e n t [ se n t ! ]
t oCow s M i l l a Ba t t o
e o n t h e E s i de o f t h e La k e to c u
t
T i m b e r a n d h un t i n g Th e G un n e rs e m p l oy ed i n s ea rch in g
n s Ca r p e n t e rs m a k i ng C a rr ia g es
a nd se a l i n g t h e s m a l l g u
S e n t t w o Boat s to T i c on de r oga w i t h Cap t Buel l a n d L i e ut
Ga r r i s o n
N B Bl ow s ex t re m el y h a r d N N E
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S e n t a Boat a c r o ss t h e La ke fo r S c o ut Pa r ty S e n t
t h e re b efo re
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n ti n g s o m e L um b e r S e n t a Pa r ty out h un t i n g
m ou
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ot h e r s i de o f t h e L a k e g e tt i n g T i m b e r fo r S k i ds O res
S e n t to Ra y m on ds M i l l s fo r T i m b e r a n d p r o
W h eel es
v i s i on s fo r Sk i n e s N e g ro es Rece i v ed a W h a l e Boa t fr o m
Capt V V i n n ea n [ Be nj a m i n H i n m a n j a n d M aj or
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El m o re a r r i v ed f ro m T i c o n de r og a S e n t to C a pt H e r r i c k t o
se n d a l l t h e d a m ag ed Pow d e r to A l ba n y to b e w r o ug h t o v e r
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T i m b e r fi x i n g Ba r ra c k s m a k i n g Oa r s a n d d iggi n g Co l o
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E n d o f pa ge 5 a n d b e g i nn i n g o f pa g e 7 o f m a n us c r i pt
O n J uly 1 1 A r n o l d w r ot e to Co n g ress fr o m A l ba n y t h at h e h a d re ce i v ed
ol i i p 1 6 47
n o a n s er to t h i s l e tt er S ee A m e r i ca n A r ch i e
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Th e w i n d c o n t i n ues b l o w i n g n o r t h wa r d a n d
v ery c o l d S e n t Capt Br ow n i n a P et ra uge r’ to ta ke fo r [ us ]
a s m a n y G un c a rr i ag es a s t h e Boat w i l l c a rry F i v e re t ur n e d
fr o m a Sc o ut to St J o h n s a n d s ay s t h e re i s 3 0 0 Re g ul a rs
t h e re w i t h t h ree p a i r Ca n non a n d tw o M o r ta rs e n t re n ch i ng
w h i ch i s c o n fi r m ed by M r Udn ey H a y w h o a rr i v ed fr o m
t h e re t h i s m o r n i n g
N B Th e Ga rr i s o n e m p l oy ed a s u
s ual P ub l i s h e d a n
O rd nan ce fo r t h e b e tt e r reg ul ati o n o f Sut t lers a nd re tai l e rs
o f L i ! uo rs a s t h ey w e re h ere to fo re s o l d at a n ex t ra v i ga n t
p r i ce 2
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a c r o ss t h e po i n t w h e re I p r opo se m o un ti ng 1 5 as Po un de rs
w h i ch sec ures t h e red o ubt a n d r a m pa r t fo r 2 000 m en
Wednesda y 2 1 s t Th e Ga rr i s o n e m p l oy ed i n fi x i ng Ba rr a cks
g e t ti ng dow n a n d m o un ti ng Ca n n o n t h e Ca rp e n t ers at w o r k
o n a G ua r d Ho use W h eel s
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a rr i v e d h e re w i t h t h ree Co m pan i es o f m en fr o m T i c on de r oga
a rr i v ed M r N i ch ol s o n fr o m P h i la d M r P r i ce — t h e l att e r a
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o f M a ss a c h use tt s Ba y v i z n a m e d W m Spoon e r S ul l i va n
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Benedi ct Arno
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Co l W i n na n [ Hi n m a n ] A r r i v e d h e re t h e 3 M i ss S k e i n s
Ca pt El i s h a S h e l do n Capt J o h n Big el o w & ‘
1 7 7 5 S a tu
rda y J u
n e 2 4tla A pp l i ed t o t h e Co m m i tt ee f ro m
t h e M a ss a ch us e t t s Ba y fo r Ca sh fo r Re g i m e n t w h i ch t h ey
refuse d I a m re d uce d t o g re at ex t re m i ty not b e i ng ab l e to
ff t h e p e op l e w h oa re i n g re at w an t o f n ecess a r i es a n d
pa y o
mu
ch i n d e b t Th i s gi v es m e g re at t r o ub l e t o pa c i fy t h e m
a n d p re v e nt d i s t ur b an ces A t n oon w e n t o n Boa rd to D i n
n e r a n d w h i l e at d i n n e r I w a s c on fi n e d i n t h e g re at Ca b i n
b y P e op l e w h o m an n e d a n d se n t a Boat a ft e r t h e Co m m i tt ee
f ro m t h e Cong ress w h o h a d l eft t h i s p l a ce fo r T i c on de r oga
abo ut 2 h o urs b efo r e I c o m p l ai n e d m uch o f t h e i n s ul t o ff e r e d
n a ll i l l w i l l
m e a n d rece i v ed fo r a n s w e r t h at t h e y — pe rs o
b ut w e re de t e r m i n e d t o s top t h e Co m m i tt ee a n d ob l ig e t h e m
to pa y o
ff t h e R e gi m e n t o r at l e a s t s o m e pa r t a s w i l l e n ab l e
t h e m to go h o m e t o t h e i r fa m i l i es w it h h ono r A t 4 P M
a r r i v ed Capt M at h e w s w i t h 5 b bl s Po rk f ro m T i c o n de r oga
A t n ig h t c a m e o n boa rd Capt S h e l d o n a n d Capt Big el ow to
see m e h a d a r um o r o f a n e ngag e m e n t at Ca m b r i d g e b e tw ee n
l a rs a n d t h e P r ov i n c i a l s i n w h i ch i t i s s ai d t h e re i s
t h e Re g u
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