yay, bonus pt. because___________
oops, no HO, book, heading this
date__________=MP
OCEANOGRAPHY QUEST ES1 (between quiz and test)
Name: __*KEY_____ Block ____ Date 3/16/15_
Part I-Read the statements below carefully, circle the best answer: true or false. Correct the false with more than
just a negative (like “not” or merely crossing out words.) 1 - 24 are 2 pts.. each. Illegible answers are wrong.
true false 1. Seawater is denser when it is colder and with higher salinity
true false 2. The abyssal plain is the deep, wide, flat part of the ocean floor
Physical
Oceanography
true false 3. The major oceans are the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian and Arctic
true false 4. The deepest part of the ocean is the abyssal plain. are the deep ocean trenches
true false 5. The area where the waves break is the surf zone.
true false 6. Longshore currents are caused because waves approach the beach *at an angle
true false 7. The two most common minerals in light colored sand are feldspar and *quartz.
true false 8. The continental shelf extends gently beyond the edge of the continent to *the continental slope
true false 9. The sun affects tides *less than the moon because it is *farther (or moon closer)
true false 10. DISC Salinity is the measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a liquid.
true false 11. Waves, tides and *currents/winds are the forces that affect the coastline
true false 12. Cliffs are a feature of the steep shore zone in areas of bedrock or coral.
true false 13. One source of the oceans’ salinity are sediments weathered on land and eroded by rivers.
Part II. Multiple Choice Please clearly write the capital letter of the best answer for each question in the blank.
__*B_14. Water particles of deep ocean waves move
a. towards shore
b. in a circle
c. up and down
d. sideways
__C__15. An increase in ocean salinity can increase___________, creating a current
a. wavelength b. the Coriolis effect
c. ocean water density
d. wave height
__
B__16. When the moon, Earth, and sun are in a line, tidal range is:
a. unchanged
___
b. greatest
c. lowest
d. unpredictable
C__17. Motions in the oceans caused by lunar and solar gravity are called:
a. upwelling
b. currents
c. tides
d. waves
____ A__18. The two most common elements in seawater besides H and O are chlorine and_____________
a. sodium
b. sulfur c. calcium
d. carbon
____
E__19. The size of waves is affected by the:
a. strength of the wind
_
b. fetch of the wind
c. duration of the wind
d. A & C
e. all of these
E___20. DISC Particles of sand are deposited along beaches and in spits because of
a. gravity
b. a change in the direction of the water
c. the moving water slows down and loses energy
d. B & C
e. all of these
____ B__21. ________ are formed when one part of the sea floor is forced under another part
a. rift zones
b. ocean trenches
c. mid-ocean ridges
d. seamounts
points off previous pages____ spelling____EC__ pg. 1 of 3 ES1 Sanders-Fleming Oceans Quiz 3/16/15 5:29 AM
___
D__22. A dam at the end of a river would cause
a. current to slow before the dam
b. beaches beyond dam nearby to get smaller
c. an interruption to the supply of sediment to the longshore current at the mouth of the river
d. all of these
_
B___23. Water moves in a longshore current in the
a. surf zone
b. A & D
c. tidal range
d. area where the waves break
____ A__24. A mid-ocean ridge, with its rift zone, is an underwater
a. mountain chain
b. volcano
c. valley
48
d. plain
Part III: Short answer questions, read all parts first. Be clear and concise, and label diagrams fully.
25. (4 pts..) With the sun, moon, and earth in the position shown in the diagram to the left and below, is the tidal
range highest or lowest?___*lowest___What is this tide called?___*neap__ Put arrows on the curved line in the
box to show which way the moon revolves around the earth and earth around sun.
(done___). What phase of the moon is this?_ DISC first quarter___
26. (3 pts..) Explain and diagram what causes a wave to break, using clear labelswhen foot hits
bottom, drags,
slows, top faster,
rises and topples
to break
sun
earth
moon
DISC
27. a.(2 pts.) In which season is sand transported towards the beach? summer
*In which season is sand transported away from the beach? winter
When sand is transported away from beach, what is formed first?offshore sand bar (barrier island.later. NOT spit)
(2 pts..) b. How are the beach width and slope different between the summer and winter?
wider, flatter, more sand in summer, narrow, steep, less sand in winter
c. (2 pts..)Explain briefly what causes these differences between the winter and summer beach:
stronger winter winds = larger waves, more energy, not slowed enough to drop sand til reach deep water.
small summer waves slow as break on beach, drop sand there. (NOT from water temp or density differences)
28. a. 1 pt Why is the Labrador Current cold?
*comes from N Pole area, near Greenland
b. 1. pt Describe where is it located on the earth: *northeast coast of North America
c. Is it a surface or density current?___*surface_
29. a. 2 pts. Explain what causes density currents to sink and where, flow on the bottom, and rise in deep ocean
circulation:*cold salty water from poles sinks to bottom, higher pressure moves towards lower pressure warm water near equator, where heated and rises to surface, moves towards poles and cools DISC
b. 3 pts. Explain briefly (1) what force moves the water in a surface current, (2) what movement causes it
to flow clockwise or counterclockwise, and (3) why currents are more complex in the northern hemisphere.
(1) prevailing winds’ friction on water
(2) spinning earth causes Coriolis Effect, apparent bending of winds & currents in each hemisphere
(3)*Northern hemisphere has more continents to block and shape gyre flow
,
30. (5 pts) Label the 4 parts of a wave (.5@) & show how water particles move down to wave foot. 1 pt. done:___
DISC What part of the wave does the wind actually cause to move across the ocean? *shape or energy
What part of the wave does not move across the ocean surface?__*water particles__
crest
wavelength
trough
wave
height
75
31. (2 pts): Explain where a deep ocean trench is found and how it is formed: deep area in ocean along convergent boundary caused by subducting plate dragging other plate down
points off previous pages____ spelling____EC__ pg. 2 of 3 ES1 Sanders-Fleming Oceans Quiz 3/16/15 5:29 AM
32. (3 pts..) What causes a tsunami, and where does this happen? underwater (bottom of ocean) earthquakes
Describe its wavelength and speed: very long, very fast (up to 500 mph)
Why is a tsunami so large and destructive when it breaks?
energy of wave is throughout 2 mile depth of ocean, not just near surface, squeezed into shallow shore area, excess energy causes destruction DISC
33. (2 pts..) What causes upwelling, and why is it important to fish?*wind blows surface water away from shore low pressure, deeper water pulled up with nutrients from decomposing matter, attracts fish DISC
34. 34. (5 pts, @letter 1 pt) a. In what ocean does El Niño occur?__*Pacific_ Towards the coast of what continent(s) does the warmer surface water move ?*South America
b. Which band of prevailing winds changes strength, to cause El Niño to occur?___*trades___
Do these winds get stronger or weaker?____*weaker__
c. How often does it occur?_*2 - 10 years___d. Why is understanding El Niño important for the world?*affects
climate worldwide DISC
e. Briefly describe what happens differently during La Niña and why: _*stronger trade winds, more upwelling,
different global climate effects
35. (3 pts..) Describe a turbidity current, how might it form a submarine canyon, where and why:
*deep dense current in continental slope, carries much sediment, flows quickly, may erode continental slope into
canyons off ends of ancient rivers DISC
36. (3 pts..) Choose a or b and write the letter of which one you chose: DISC
a. Describe a spit and explain how one like eastern Cape Cod is formed, using a labeled diagram to show how
the water moves and why sediments are dropped.
b. Describe barrier beach islands like Plum Island, MA and explain their formation using a labeled diagram to
show how the water moves and why the sediments are dropped. I chose letter____:
*longshore current caused by waves hitting at an angle, closer side slowing first, less energy, drops sand,
*waves
slows as rounds spit, spit grows away from current
*longshore current
*spit
*barrier island
barrier island parallel to shore grows from offshore bar deposited by
larger waves in winter, enlarges during big storms, stabilized by plants,
enlarged by wind blown dunes
37. (2 pts..) Why are there two high tides a day, one on the side of the earth under the moon, and one on the
side opposite the moon? You may use a diagram, be succinct* under moon, water is closer than earth to moon,
so pulled away from earth = high tide there. opposite moon, earth is closer than water, pulled toward moon away
from water = high tide there also.
38. Why does the Gulf Stream warm Europe more than it does our own east coast? (1 pt)
.westerly winds blow warm air to northeast across Atlantic DISC
39. List 3 of the 5 types of sediments (not just minerals) of which beaches can be formed, and how they get to
the sea (2 pts)
96
volcanic glass, pebbles, shells, shingles, coral ( *common minerals: quartz, feldspar)
CHECK YOUR WORK! - Name:_______
.
Extra Credit
Up to 1 pt each. Explain thoughtfully, with facts, up to 2 other ideas you studied for this quiz from the
review or notes which were not needed at all for the quest.
volcanic islands, climate change?
wave frequency, ocean/atmosphere interaction surf zone, thermocline
After the test is discussed, fill this out if needed.
Mrs. S-F please check questions #______________________
Correct spelling errors here 3 times each for points back or bonus points
teacher fills out this:
points off ____spelling off ______ extra credit____ =________/96 =___________% Grade___
points off previous pages____ spelling____EC__ pg. 3 of 3 ES1 Sanders-Fleming Oceans Quiz 3/16/15 5:29 AM