TAKE-ALL PATCH
Causal Agent: Gaeumannomyces graminis
var. avenae
Hosts: Agrostis stolonifera (creeping
bentgrass)
A. tenuis (colonial bentgrass)
A. canina (velvet bentgrass)
Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
Poa annua
Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
IDENTIFICATION
AND
BIOLOGY OF THE FUNGUS
Factors Believed to
Enhance Take-All Patch
³
Cool Temperatures (40 - 60 0 F)
³
Ample Soil Moisture
³
High Soil or Rhizosphere pH (>6.5)
³
Sandy, Light-Textured Soils
³
Fumigated or Recently Cleared Land
TAKE-ALL PATCH
Epidemiology
· Pathogen persists in previously infected tissue,
but it is a Weak Saprophyte
· Grows and infects roots between 40ºF and 60ºF
· Symptoms appear in late-spring or mid-fall when
heat or drought stress occurs
· Most severe in newly established stands
Take-all Decline of Bentgrass
♦ Generally, Take-All Decline (TAD) starts within
3-5 Years after the disease first appears
♦ In wheat, TAD has been linked to a buildup of
producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and other
Bacteria
♦ Root colonizing bacteria inhibit growth of the
pathogen on root surfaces (i.e. antagonism) and
eventually brings about TAD
Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
Take-All Patch Control
Question : What is the impact of soil
pH and nitrogen source on
disease severity ?
Effect of N-Sources on Take-all Patch in
Colonial Bentgrass
N-Source*
Rate
% Diseased Area
Ib/M
kg/ha
Ammonium Phos.
0.4
20
12 Jul
Nov
27
Ammonium Sulfate
0.7
35
--
--
Untreated
*Applied 12 July and 8 August
12 Oct.
22
3
1
26
6
3
39
33
28
SMITH, 1956
Roles of Mn in Take-all
Manganese
٠ G. graminis oxidizes Mn2+ to Mn3+ or Mn4+,
rendering it unavailable to the plant
٠ Results in a localized deficiency of Mn
٠ Weakens plant’s resistance
٠ Mn applications reduces take-all severity
0 lb Mn/A
2 lb Mn/A
% Disease Incidence
Influence of Mn and Cu on Take-all Patch
on a Bentgrass Fairway
25
a
a
20
15
Year 1
Year 2
a
ab
b
bc bc
10
b
d d
cd
d
5
0
0 Mn
0 Cu
0 Mn 1 Mn
0.7 Cu 0 Cu
1 Mn 2 Mn 2 Mn
0.7 Cu 0 CU 0.7 Cu
lb / A
Heckman et. al., 2003, 2004
REDUCING
PLANT
STRESS
COMPACTION
Take-All Management For Greens
● Increase mowing height and reduce the mowing
frequency in the summer when TA is active
● Replace grooved with solid rollers
● Syringe frequently / hand water
● Suspend Grooming Practices
- Double cutting
- Topdressing
- Core and water injection aeration
- Brushing
Management of Take-all Patch (Con’t)
٠ maintain soil pH between 5.5 and 6.0
with ammonium fertilizers
٠ manganese applications
٠ resistant species/cultivars
Integrated Management of Takeall Patch
Resistant Species / Cultivars
٠ Fescues, bluegrasses, and ryegrasses are
not affected by take-all patch
٠ Little known about relative susceptibility of
bentgrass species and cultivars
Susceptibility of Bentgrass Cultivars to Take-all Patch
Madison, WI, 2001 (Fairway Ht)*
CULTIVAR
♦ Backspin
♦ Princeville
♦ Penn G-6
♦ Brighton
♦ Century
♦ SR 7100
♦ Penncross
♦ Penneagle
♦ L93
♦ Seaside II
♦ Providence
MEANS (1-9 RATING)
♦ 6.2a
♦ 6.0ab
♦ 5.7ab
♦ 5.2ab
♦ 4.7ab
♦ 4.7ab
♦ 4.3ab
♦ 4.2ab
♦ 4.0b
♦ 4.0b
♦ 3.7b
*NTEP Trials, where 9= least disease
Take-All Patch Control
Question : Which fungicides are
most effective ?
Control of Take-All Patch
P Banner
P Heritage
P Rubigan
P Insignia
P Bayleton
P Disarm
Relative Effectiveness of Turf Fungicides
Fungicide
AN BP
DS GL LS NR PB SM SP
Banner
3¬ 2¬ 4¬ 2¬ 1¬ 3¬
Banol
3¬ 3¬
TA
YP
YT
3¬ 3¬
3¬
L
Compass
L
Daconil
3¬ 4¬ 4¬ 3¬ 4¬
Disarm
3¬ 4¬
4¬ L
Endorse
3¬ 4¬
1¬ L
Heritage
3¬ 4¬
4¬ 4¬ 3¬ 3¬ 3¬ 4¬
Insignia
3¬ 4¬ 2¬ 4¬ L
Medallion
2¬ 3¬
Phosphite
L
4¬
L
Signature
2¬
4¬
L
4¬
3¬
Subdue
4¬
3¬ 4¬
3¬ 3¬
3¬
3.5
3¬
4¬
¬
L
L
3¬ L
L
4¬
L
4¬
4¬ 2¬
4¬ 4¬ L
4¬ L
L
3¬
AN=Anthracnose, BP=Brown patch, DS=Dollar spot, GL=Gray leaf spot, LS= Leaf spot, NR= Necrotic ring spot
PB=Pythium blight, SM=Snow mold (pink), SP=Summer patch, TA=Take-all patch, YP=Yellow patch,
YT=Yellow tuft ; Effectiveness 1-4¬, where 4¬=excellent, 3¬=good to excellent, 2¬=fair to good,
1¬=inconsistant control and L=limited data.
B.B. Clarke, Rutgers University, March 16, 2004
TAKE-ALL CONTROL WITH FUNGICIDES
Soika and Sanders, 1996
Fungicide
Disease Severity,1995
Rate
Kg/ha oz/1000ft2 27 Apr. 12 Jul.
---% Turf Area Infested---
Thiophanate
Propiconazole
Triadimefon
Fenarimol
Azoxystrobin
Untreated
17.2
1.7
1.2
1.5
0.28
10.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
0.4
--
2.3 abc
1.2 cd
0.3 cd
0.8 cd
0.8 cd
3.8 a
3.7 ab
2.4 abc
1.6 abc
1.4 bc
0.6 c
4.0 a
Fungicides were applied 7 Sept. and 3 Oct., 1994 Treatment were watered-in
Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
Rated 1-10 when 1 = 10% disease; 10 = 100% disease
Subsurface Injection vs. Surface Application
c
35
Percent Disease
30
25
b
20
15
c
a
b
10
Injection
Surface
Control
a
5
0
1994
***Rubigan 1AS applied at 4 oz/1000 ft2 in
Sept., Oct., Apr., and May
1995
B.B. Clarke, unpublished data
Management of Take-All Patch with Fungicides
l Fungicides reduce TA but do not eliminate it
l Preventive Treatments are best
- Timing: Oct. + Nov. + Apr. + May
l Products*
- azoxystrobin (Heritage)
- pyraclostrobin (Insignia)
- fluoxastrobin (Disarm)
- propiconazole (Banner MAXX)
- fenarimol (Rubigan)
- triadimefon (Bayleton)
*Apply in 4 GPA with flat fan nozzles and high pressure