Latin I Final Exam Review Sheet
Nomen mihi est ______________________
I. Declining and Case Usage
Know case endings and how to decline for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Declensions.
Know how each case is used, i.e. know the functions for each case.
Complete the table with the correct endings.
1st Declension
Singular Plural
2nd Declension
Singular
Plural
3rd Declension
Singular Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
For practice, decline the words below.
villa
Singular
Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
via
Singular
Plural
cibus
Singular
Plural
amicus
Singular
Plural
civis
Singular
Plural
leo
Singular
Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative Rules – used for direct address:
1. For most nouns, the vocative is the same as the __________________.
2. For 2nd declension nouns ending in –us, the vocative ends in _____. For 2nd declension nouns
ending in –ius, the vocative ends in _____.
3. Give the vocative for Quintus _____________________________
4. Give the vocative for Caecilius ______________________________
5. Give the vocative for Metella _______________________________
6. Give the vocative for Grumio ____________________________
7. Give the vocative for Cerberus _____________________________
What case is needed for:
1. Subject?
6. Predicate Nominative?
2. Direct Object?
7. Object of Special Verb?
3. SIDSPACE Prepositions?
8. To/For ____?
4. Other prepositions?
9. After a linking verb?
5. Indirect Object?
10. Direct address?
The special verbs you need to remember are ______________________, _______________________
and _________________________.
Identify the case and number for each (remember number means sing or pl). Some will have more than
one answer – in context, you would have to decide which is correct.
mercatoribus
puellam
amici
ancillas
arenā
domino
tu
mercatorem
nobis
leoni
pictore
cenae
gladiatores
servos
Quintum
mihi
II. Adjectives – Comparison and Agreement
Adjectives have 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative. Give the appropriate translations:
e.g.
notus_______________
notior_______________
celer_______________
celerior_______________
notissimus_______________
celerrimus_______________
Some adjectives are irregular in how they form their comparatives and superlatives. Fill in the chart
below with the correct forms.
Positive
good
bonus
bad
malus
big
magnus
small
parvus
many
multus
Comparative
Superlatives
Remember that an adjective must agree with the noun that it modifies in _______________,
_______________, and _______________.
III. Personal Pronouns for 1st & 2nd persons: I, you (sing.); we, you (plural;)
First person – I, we
Second person - you
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
I/me
we/us
you
you/y’all
Nom.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
IV. Verbs
A. Principal parts and conjugations
Most verbs have 4 principal parts and you should have a working knowledge of the first 3.
The first principal part of the verb is the first person singular of the present tense.
e.g. audiō=I hear, I am hearing, I do hear
sum=I am
The second principal part has several functions. Its final three letters will determine to which
conjugation the verb belongs.
First conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in āre.
e.g. laudāre
Second conjugation verbs have infinitives which end ēre.
e.g. vidēre
Third conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in ere.
e.g. dūcere
Fourth conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in īre. e.g. audīre
N.B. Not all verbs are placed into a specific conjugation. Those verbs which are not placed
into a specific conjugation are called irregular verbs because their principal parts and/or tense
forms do not change in a consistent and predictable manner.
e.g. sum
The second principal part is also the present active infinitive and is translated with
“to” plus what the word means.
e.g. pōnere=to put, place
esse=to be
The present stem of the verb is found by dropping the “-re” from the second principal of a
regular verb. This present stem is also the imperative singular of most regular verbs.
e.g. porta = Carry!
The third principal part of the verb is the first person singular of the perfect tense.
The perfect stem is found by dropping the “-ī” from the 3rd principal part. This perfect stem will
be used for the perfect and past perfect (pluperfect) tenses.
e.g. portāvī=I carried, I did carry, I have carried e.g. fuī=I was, I have been
portāv=perfect stem
fu=perfect stem
B. Conjugating and Translating
Know the personal endings, tenses, and proper translations for present, imperfect, and perfect tenses.
You should also know the irregular verb sum in present and imperfect tense.
List the endings to complete the chart.
Present Tense
Sing
PL
Imperfect Tense
Sing
Perfect Tense
PL
Sing
PL
Give the present and imperfect tense conjugations for sum.
Sum present tense
Sing
PL
Sum imperfect tense
Sing
PL
The infinitive is the ____________ principal part and also tells the conjugation of the verb.
The perfect tense uses the ____________________ principal part.
The perfect tense is translated as ___________________________________________________
The imperfect tense is translates as __________________________________________________
The present tense is translated as ____________________________________________________
Tell what tense each verb is and give the correct translation.
1. scribit
6. laudaverunt
11. portabam
2. portant
7. dicebat
12. contendunt
3. erant
8. sumus
13. stant
4. vident
9. scripsit
14. dedit
5. eram
10. ridemus
15. est
C. Imperative Mood (gives a command to one or more person(s).)
e.g. dā cibum servō! = _____________________________________________________
The plural is formed by the addition of the letters -te to the singular imperative.
N.B. For the 3rd conjugation, drop the letter -e, add the letter -i before adding the letters -te.
e.g. legite epistulas! = ________________________________________________
Negative imperatives use the word(s) nōlī/nōlīte with the infinitive.
e.g. Mārce, nōlī bibere aquam! ______________________________________________
puerī, nōlīte currere!
_____________________________________________
V. Interrogatives
Review how to ask questions with the words num, nōnne, and the enclitic ending -ne.
-ne – is attached to the first word in a Latin sentence indicating a simple yes/no question.
estne Mārcus Rōmānus puer? _________________________________________________
num - is used to introduce a question expecting a negative response.
num Mārcus est Rōmānus puer? _______________________________________________
nōnne - is used to introduce a question expecting a positive response.
nōnne Mārcus est Rōmānus puer? _____________________________________________
Interrogative adverbs and pronouns are used to introduce Latin questions.
quis ______________ quid __________________ ubi _______________ cūr____________
VI. Uses of the Latin word “quam” with adjectives and adverbs.
With the positive, quam means how. e.g. quam callidus est Quīntus!
____________________________________________________________
With the comparative quam means than. e.g. Clēmēns est callidior quam Grumiō.
_____________________________________________________________
With the superlative of the adverb, quam means as … as possible. e.g. Clemens ad villam
quam celerrime currebat. _________________________________________
Also, when “quam” means “than” in a comparison, the case that comes before it will
follow it. e.g. agricola habet canem celeriōrem quam equum.
______________________________________________________________________
N.B. Remember that quam can also be a relative pronoun (feminine!) meaning “whom” or “which.”
VII. Culture
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Roman Baths
Roman Education
Romulus and Remus
Destruction of Pompeii and the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius
Government Officials and Elections – cursus honorum
Roman Deaths and Funeral Customs
Gladiators
VIII. Vocabulary Stage 1-12
atrium
canis
coquus
cubiculum
culina
est
filius
hortus
in
laborat
mater
pater
sedet
servus
tablinum
triclinium
via
amicus
ancilla
cena
cibus
dominus
dormit
gustat
intrat
laetus
laudat
mensa
mercator
quoque
salutat
toga
tunica
ad
bibit
circumspectat
clamat
ecce
et
exit
expectat
forum
ianua
iratus
leo
magnus
navis
non
portat
respondet
ridet
salve
surgit
taberna
videt
villa
vinum
agit
negotium agit
anulus
cera
coquit
cur
e, ex
ego
eheu!
habet
inquit
iudex
mendax
pecunia
perterritus
poeta
quaerit
quis
reddit
satis
sed
signum
tu
vendit
vocat
adest/adsunt
agricola
ambulat
audit
clamor
contendit
currit
euge
fabula
femina
hodie
iuevenis
meus
multus
multi
optimus
petit
plaudit
puella
senex
spectat
stat
turba
ubi
urbs
venit
abest/aberat
avarus
bonus
emit
erat
ferociter
festinat
fortis
fur
infans
intente
libertus
olim
parvus
per
postquam
pulsat
quod
res
scribit
subito
superat
tum
tuus
vituperat
cenat
centurio
conspicit
cum
facit
heri
ingens
intellegit
lacrimat
mortuus
narrat
necat
nihil
omnis
parat
pestis
poculum
procedit
prope
pulcher
rogat
tacite
tamen
terret
umbra
valde
agitat
consumit
ducit
eum
facile
ferox
gladius
habitat
hic
ignavus
incitat
nuntius
pes
porta
postulat
puer
pugnat
recumbit
saepe
sanguis
silva
spectaculum
statim
totus
agnoscit
celebrat
celeriter
civis
cupit
dat
dies
emittit
exercet
fert
homo
hospes
ille
inspicit
iterum
manet
medius
mox
notus
offert
ostendit
paulisper
post
revenit
suus
tradit
abit
accipit
callidus
capit
contentus
exclamat
frater
imperium
inimicus
invenit
it
liber
nos
nuntiat
pax
portus
quam
semper
sententia
servat
solus
tacet
uxor
vehementer
vos
convenit
credit
de
favet
gens
invitat
legit
liberalis
minime
murus
noster
nunc
placet
primus
promittit
pugna
rapit
secundus
senator
sollicitus
stultus
tertius
utilis
vale
verberat
vir
amittit
cinis
complet
custodit
densus
epistula
flamma
fortiter
frustra
fugit
fundus
iacet
iam
igitur
incidit
mirabilis
mittit
mons
nubes
optime
paene
sentit
tandem
templum
terra
timet