If this is blue for you,
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Redshift
History
LBG
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High Redshift Galaxies
Patric Stout
Jesse van de Sande
Redshift
History
LBG
Content
• High Redshift Galaxies
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What is redshift?
History of High Redshift Galaxies (HRG)
Lyman Break Galaxies (LBG)
Summary
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Redshift
History
LBG
Redshift
• Redshift Æ Doppler effect
• Higher wavelength means object
moves away
• Detection redshift via spectrum
• Absorption lines move
• Emission lines move
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Redshift
History
LBG
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Redshift
• Z-value [1]
• Z-value indicates speed [1]
• Z-value indicates distance [1]
[1] Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Bradley W. Carroll & Dale A. Ostlie, 1996
Redshift
History
LBG
Redshift
• Example of a z-calculation:
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Redshift
History
LBG
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History
• Before 1980 no detection of z > 1
• Lyman Break Technique (LBT) known before 1980 [2]
– Instruments failed to find them (not advanced enough)
– Needed for high red-shift detection (z > 2.5)
[2] Mauro Giavalisco, Lyman-Break Galaxies, ARA&A, 2002
Redshift
History
LBG
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History
• New telescopes made LBT work (around year 2000)
– 8 meter diameter telescopes
– Large CCD arrays
• Within a few years, over 1000 detected HRG (z > 2,5) [2]
• LBT is a proven technique to find HRG
[2] Mauro Giavalisco, Lyman-Break Galaxies, ARA&A, 2002
Redshift
History
LBG
Lyman Break Galaxy
• Lyman Break Technique
– What is LBT?
• Lyman Series
– Lyman Alpha
– Lyman Alpha Forest
– Lyman Limit
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Redshift
History
LBG
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Lyman Break Galaxy
• Lyman Break Technique – Lyman Alpha
Redshift
History
LBG
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Lyman Break Galaxy
• Lyman Break Technique – Lyman Alpha Forest
Redshift
History
LBG
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Lyman Break Galaxy
• Lyman Break Technique – Lyman Limit
Redshift
History
LBG
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Lyman Break Galaxy
• Lyman Break Technique – Total Picture
Redshift
History
LBG
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Lyman Break Galaxy
• Why is LBT important?
– Detectable in optical window for galaxies
with high redshifts (z > 2.5)
– “Easy” to identify in spectrum
Redshift
History
LBG
Lyman Break Galaxy
• Detection of LBGs
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Redshift
History
LBG
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Lyman Break Galaxy
• Properties
– UV spectrum similar to star forming galaxies [2]
• SFR: between 10 and 70 Mo / yr
– Mass: 1011 Mo to that of dwarf galaxies [2]
– Morphology mixed
• The mix of morphologies ranges from relatively regular
systems to irregular to fragmented and multiple systems
• Same size as large bulges and elliptical galaxies in our
local universe
[2] Mauro Giavalisco, Lyman-Break Galaxies, ARA&A, 2002
Redshift
History
LBG
Summary
• Redshifts
• History of HRG
• LBG (= HRG with z > 2.5)
– Lyman Series
– Lyman Break Technique
– Properties
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Redshift
History
LBG
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Bibliography
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Books & articals
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[1] Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Bradley W. Carroll & Dale A. Ostlie, 1996
[2] Mauro Giavalisco, Lyman-Break Galaxies, ARA&A, 2002
Robin Stevens, Searches for High Redshift Galaxies, Oxford, 1999
Internet sources (mostly pictures):
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http://www.glenhall.com/pictures/redShift/best%20shots/redShift%20colours.JPG
http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr328/Notes/GalForm/LyBreak.html
http://www.physics.carleton.ca/~watson/LinR_course/cosmology/gifs/Lyman_forest.gif
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Lyman-alpha-forest.html
http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/agn/forest.gif
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/l/ly/lyman-alpha_forest.htm
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/h/h/h-alpha.htm
http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/~souther/waves02/feb0402/img004.JPG
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/astro101/images/lec06_02.gif
http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/~tob/solar/balmer.jpg
http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/newsletter/news4/qsos.jpg
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Bibliography
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Books & articals
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[1] Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Bradley W. Carroll & Dale A. Ostlie, 1996
[2] Mauro Giavalisco, Lyman-Break Galaxies, ARA&A, 2002
Robin Stevens, Searches for High Redshift Galaxies, Oxford, 1999
Internet sources (mostly pictures):
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http://www.glenhall.com/pictures/redShift/best%20shots/redShift%20colours.JPG
http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr328/Notes/GalForm/LyBreak.html
http://www.physics.carleton.ca/~watson/LinR_course/cosmology/gifs/Lyman_forest.gif
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Lyman-alpha-forest.html
http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/agn/forest.gif
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/l/ly/lyman-alpha_forest.htm
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/h/h/h-alpha.htm
http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/~souther/waves02/feb0402/img004.JPG
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/astro101/images/lec06_02.gif
http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/~tob/solar/balmer.jpg
http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/newsletter/news4/qsos.jpg