University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Political Science Political Science, Department of 7-1-2000 BLACK LEGISLATIVE POLITICS IN MISSISSIPPI Byron D. Orey [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscifacpub Part of the Political Science Commons Orey, Byron D., "BLACK LEGISLATIVE POLITICS IN MISSISSIPPI" (2000). Faculty Publications: Political Science. Paper 5. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscifacpub/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Political Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska Lincoln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