Name:_____________________________________
Hour:_________ Social 7­ Chapter 9 Notes­ Launching a New Nation 1789­1800 Setting up the Government­ Checks and Balances What are the three branches of the U.S. government? Briefly describe the job of each. George Washington Takes Office ● Transformed the ideas of the _________________________ into real government. ● George Washington did not have a ________________________­ an example that becomes standard practice. Washington’s Cabinet ● Washington’s term: _____________________ ● In 1789, the executive branch consisted of two offices: ___________________________ ● Congress created three executive departments: (list department names, the people who headed them and what each department dealt with) ○ ___________________________________________________________ ○ ___________________________________________________________ ○ ___________________________________________________________ ○ ___________________________________________________________ ● Unlike Washington’s other cabinet officials, the ______________________ did not head an executive department. Judiciary Act of 1789 ● Established ________________________________________ of the U.S. ● ________________________________­ Chief justice and 5 associate justices. ● How many justices do we have now? ● What was/is the main job of the federal courts? ● ________________________­ first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ● State court decisions could be appealed to a federal court when constitutional issues were raised. Economic crisis ● The new nation was in debt. Why? Hamilton’s Financial Plan 1. The U.S. government would assume all ______________________________________. 2. The U.S. government would establish a ______________________________________. 3. The U.S. government would put a high tax on _________________________________. Raising Revenue­ Hamilton Style ● What is a tariff? ● 1789­ a ____________________________ was enacted. This placed an import tax on goods produced in Europe. How would that help the U.S.? ● ________________________­ a tax on a product’s manufacture, sale or distribution. ● Hamilton pushed through an excise tax on the manufacture of __________________. Whiskey Rebellion ● The ____________________________ was enacted in 1791. ● The Whiskey Rebellion takes place in ____________. ● Who rebelled during the Whiskey Rebellion? ● Why do you think the Whiskey Rebellion was important in the history of federal government? The Hamilton and Jefferson Debate ● Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson differed on how the treasury department and ________________________________ would be set up. ● Jefferson and his followers wanted a ___________________ interpretation of the Constitution while Hamilton and his followers wanted a __________________ interpretation of the Constitution. Political Parties ● Hamilton and Jefferson’s views divided the cabinet. ● ________________________­ a group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government. ● Jefferson and Hamilton started political parties. ○ Jefferson:____________________________________ ○ Hamilton:____________________________________ ● The very existence of political parties worried many leaders. Why? French Revolution ● July 14th, 1789­ Storming of the Bastille ● Citizens against the __________________________. ● Inspired by ____________________________________________. ● At first, the U.S. public was for the French Revolution. ● There was an alliance between _______________________________ from the Treaty of 1778. U.S. Reaction ● Americans were divided on the issue. ● 1793­ Radical Jacobins took power in France. ● Beheaded King Louis XVI and launched the ________________________. ● They send moderates and royalists to the ___________________________. ● France declared war on other monarchies. Example:______________________________ ○ Democratic republicans: ____________________________________ ○ Federalists: ______________________________________________ U.S. Remains Neutral ● After the official declaration of neutrality by George Washington, both French and British ships began interfering with U.S. shipping. ● Secretary of War Henry Knox lobbied to create a permanent ______________________. War in the Northwest Territory ● ____________________________ ­ Established the 31st parallel as the U.S. southern border. ● Opened the ______________________________ to U.S. citizens. Why is this important? ● Northwest territory: included the modern states of ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. ● British still had some forts here. ● The U.S. met resistance from _____________________________ on this land. Battle of Fallen Timbers ● George Washington sent __________________________ to lead federal troops to fight American Indians in the Northwest Territory. ● Wayne defeated the ________________, in present day _____________. ● __________________________________­ the Miami tribe agreed to give up most of their land in Ohio for a fraction of what the land was worth. ● _____________________________­ British agreed to evacuate their forts in the Northwest Territory. George Washington Leaves Public Life Farewell address: ______________ major points 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________ George Washington’s Accomplishments 1. _______________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ Election of 1796 ● Democratic­Republicans: ● Federalists: ● ___________________ received more votes than __________________. ● Jefferson was runner up. ● The Constitution stated that the runner up was _________________________. ● The President and Vice President were from different _____________________. ● Can this happen today? War with France? ● Rising tensions with __________________. ● France regarded ____________________________ as a violation of the French/American alliance. ● France began seizing American ships bound for ________________________. ● The Reign of Terror had ended, the French government now consisted of a legislature and 5 person executive branch called ____________________________. XYZ Affair ● President John Adams sent a 3 man delegation to France to negotiate a solution. 1. _____________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________ ● They met in ____________________(date). ● They planned to meet with French foreign minister _____________________. ● Instead, they were sent three low level officials to negotiate with. ● In his report, Adams referred to them as _______________________. ● These officials demanded a ___________________________ as payment for seeing Tallyrand. ● The French officials also demanded a ________________. ● The XYZ Affair provoked ______________________ feelings at home. ● In 1798, the U.S. Navy was created. Undeclared naval war took place between France and the United States for two years. This was called the ______________________. The Alien and Sedition Acts ● Definition of Alien: ● Definition of Sedition: ● The Alien and Sedition Acts were _______________________ passed by Congress in 1798. ● Three measures were part of the_________________. These acts raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from _______________ years and allowed the president to deport or jail any alien considered "undesirable." ● The fourth measure was the _________________. This act set fines and jail terms for anyone trying to "hinder the operation of the government" or "expressing false, scandalous and malicious statements against the government." ● Under the terms of this act, the federal government prosecuted and jailed a number of Democratic­Republican ___________________________________. ● ____________________________ were outraged by these acts. ● They considered these laws as violating their freedom of speech guaranteed by the _____________________________________ in the Constitution. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions ● Thomas Jefferson specifically viewed the Alien and Sedition Acts as _________________________ and wanted to declare them null and void. He went to the states to get support for this. ● Thought these acts went beyond the power of the federal government and went against __________________________. ● 1798­1799­ James Madison drew up a resolution (declaration, statement) against the Alien and Sedition Acts that passed in ________________. ● Thomas Jefferson passed a resolution against these acts in _____________. ● The Kentucky Resolutions in particular advocated for ___________________­ that states had the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress that they deemed unconstitutional. ● ______________________ ­ the idea that states have certain rights that the federal government cannot overrule. ● Both resolutions stated that the states had the right to nullify (get rid of, not follow) federal laws going beyond the powers granted to the federal government by the ______________________________. ● They wanted other states to adopt similar declarations but none did. This issue died out by the next presidential Death of George Washington ● George Washington remained active throughout 1799. He made plans for the army that might be needed in a possible war against____________. ● On December 14th, 1799, Washington died after catching a severe cold. ● __________________, now the leader of France, ordered ten days of mourning in the French army for the American leader. ● Napoleon hoped to create better relations with the Americans.