GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 Name (Last, First): ______________________________________ Date: ____________________ 1) Where do the forces for most external processes on the Earth come from? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The sun The ocean The atmosphere The magnetic field of the Earth The internal heat of the Earth 2) Why do lightning strikes have a low potential for catastrophe? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lightning is very rare in general Lightning doesn't normally hurt people Lightning doesn't usually affect people and property on a large scale Lightning only occurs in the summer It is too easy to protect people and property from lightning strikes 3) What is the importance of the notion that "hazards are repetitive"? A) We need to look to past events to understand what is probable for the future B) If something has already happened, like a volcanic eruption, then we won't need to worry about it C) New events will probably happen exactly like old ones, so we need to be prepared D) Hazards keep happening constantly in an area, so people already know how to react to them E) All of the above are true 4) The energy for the Hydrologic Cycle comes from A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
the magnetic field of the earth heat from the sun heat from the earth's core gravity between the earth and moon ocean currents 5) Why it is necessary for scientists to study natural hazards? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A study of natural hazards can tell us where different hazards are possible. A study of natural hazards can tell us what effects to expect from a hazard A study of natural hazards can tell us what effects we may have on the frequency of a hazard A study of natural hazards may give us more time to make predictions and warnings All of the above are reasons why scientists study natural hazards 6) Which of the following constitutes a prediction rather than a forecast for a natural event? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A 4.5 magnitude earthquake will occur in Tacoma, WA on August 15, 2006 at 2pm. Landslides are expected in the Tacoma, WA area throughout the weekend. Tremors from an earthquake may cause damage to poorly built structures. There is a 50% chance of thunderstorms in the Seattle region on Saturday. Four to five inches of rain may fall with the category 2 storm off of the coast of Alabama. 1 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 7) Choose the best answer: Do humans have an effect on the frequency of natural disasters? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
No. Natural disasters are caused by forces internal to the Earth No. Natural disasters are random and people cannot affect them Maybe. Some natural disasters are random, but some are caused by humans Yes. Land use by humans can increase natural disasters such as flooding or landslides Yes. Humans can control many natural disasters such as earthquakes and tornadoes 8) Which of the following is used to calculate risk? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Probability of event Amount of property damage expected Number of deaths possible Amount of damage to roads and bridges All of the above are used to calculate risk 9) Which of the following statements best explain why events that have caused disasters in the past are now causing catastrophes? A) People are less aware of disasters and are less prepared. B) Governments are not as interested in preparing for disasters as they are for other C) Human population growth has caused a greater concentration of population in certain areas and puts a greater demand on earth's resources. D) The earth is aging and therefore becoming more prone to natural hazards. E) Scientists understand less today about disasters than they did in the past. 10) Which of the following is not an anticipatory response to the problem of flooding? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Restricting building on sections of the floodplain Requiring insurance for homes built in potentially hazardous areas Building dams to control the water flow Delivering food and clothing to the most hard‐hit areas Evacuating people before the floodwaters rise 11) Which of the following is not a reactive response to Hurricane Katrina? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Levees are raised Homes are rebuilt People are given counseling for fears that they may still have Communication lines are restored Money is given by the government to rebuilt small businesses 12) Which of the following is an anticipatory response to earthquakes in San Francisco? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Monitoring along the San Andreas and other fault lines Earthquake drills conducted in schools Retrofitting older buildings that don't meet earthquake codes Providing a fund for insurance for victims of the possible earthquake All of the above are anticipatory responses to earthquakes 2 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 13) Consider a hurricane that is moving towards a major coastline city. Describe the steps that scientists might take in preparing for this disaster. In this description, include steps that they would take in making forecasts, predictions and putting together a warning to the public. Explain also what scientists or government officials should keep in mind when making warnings to the public. 14) What is Latent Heat? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Energy that causes a change in temperature of an object Energy that only good conductors have Energy associated with water or atmospheric gasses Energy needed to cause a change in state Heat that is just hanging around, waiting for something to happen 15) Which energy transfer process describes energy transferred from a hot pot to its handle? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Conduction Convection Radiation Thermal None of the above 16) Which energy transfer process describes how heat is transferred in the mantle layer of the earth? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Conduction Convection Radiation Thermal Advection 17) Which energy transfer process describes how the earth gets heat from the sun? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Conduction Convection Radiation Thermal All of the above describe ways that the earth gets heat from the sun 3 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 18) Which part of the atmosphere are the clouds found? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Asthenosphere 19) How does atmospheric pressure change in the troposphere? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
It increases with increasing altitude It stays the same with increasing altitude It decreases with increasing altitude It increases and then decreases with increasing altitude It decreases and then increases with increasing altitude 20) What happens to air as it rises in the atmosphere? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
It warms, condenses and forms clouds It warms, loses density and falls downward It cools, condenses and forms clouds It cools, loses density and falls downward It more or less stays the same 21) Why do clouds form? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Raindrop converge in points in the upper atmosphere Air reaches its dew point and condenses Water vapor heats up making steam Snow in the upper atmosphere is visible as clouds None of the above describe how clouds form 22) What drives the movement of wind? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The Coriolis effect Pressure gradient force Gravity Friction Earth's internal heat 23) What does the Coriolis Effect do? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
It causes winds to move faster due to the earth's rotation It causes winds to slow down due to the earth's magnetic field It causes winds to deflect due to the earth's rotation It causes winds to move from warm to cold areas It causes winds to slow down due to the earth's topography 4 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 24) What type of front has cold air moving into warm air? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cold front Warm front Stationary front Occluded front All of the above 25) What type of front involves fast moving thunderstorms and severe weather? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cold front Warm front Stationary Front Occluded Front None of the above 26) The majority of molecules are at the Earth's surface. Why does this mean that the pressure will be greater there? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
There are more molecules to press on objects The molecules are moving faster there The molecules are bigger there The molecules are heavier there The molecules are smaller there 27) Which of the following is a true statement? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
It is clear at the equator because of high pressure It is clear at the equator because of low pressure It is cloudy at the equator because of low pressure It is cloudy at the equator because of high pressure It is clear at the equator because of the heat 28) Which of the following is true about lightning? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lightning only travels from the cloud to the ground Lightning will not hurt you in your car because of the rubber tires Lightning cannot be transferred through water Lightning is probably due to updrafts and downdrafts in the cloud None of the above are true about lightning 29) Which way do winds around a Low Pressure in the Northern Hemisphere blow? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Clockwise Counter‐clockwise Northeast Northwest Landward 5 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 30) What does the Saffir‐Simpson Scale use to classify hurricanes? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Storm Surge Rain amount Duration of Rain Wind speed Central core temperature 31) What is true about a hurricane as it makes landfall? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The hurricane is cut off from the warm water and it decreases its strength The friction of the coastline decreases the hurricane's strength Interactions with trees, houses and buildings decrease the hurricane's strength All energy is cut off to the hurricane and it immediately stops The hurricane increases in intensity as it causes damage 32) What is storm surge? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A large amount of rainfall A large increase in sea level A large amount of wind A sudden increase in rainfall A sudden increase in wind 33) Which of the following tools are used to make forecasts for hurricanes? A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Weather satellites Aircraft Doppler Radar Weather Buoys All of the above are used to make forecasts 34) Which of the following is a way in which communities can prepare for a hurricane? A) Install accurate warning systems B) Plan and publicize evacuation routes C) Make flooding insurance available to potential victims D) Use effective building designs for structures in the hurricane zone E) All of the above are ways in which communities can prepare for a hurricane For the following 2 questions use the diagram at the right. 35) Label the Axes: X: _______ Y: ______ A)
B)
C)
D)
Relative Humidity, Latent Heat Pressure, Latent Heat Pressure, Temperature Temperature, Pressure 6 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 36) Which Phase is the correct Phase for J, K, and L? A)
B)
C)
D)
Liquid, Solid, Gas Gas, Liquid, Solid Solid, Liquid, Gas Solid, Gas, Liquid For the following 3 questions use the diagram at the right. 37) Which labels represent centers of High Pressure? A)
B)
C)
D)
M, N M J, K, L M, J 38) Which of the regions represent Low Pressure? A)
B)
C)
D)
M, N M J, K, L M, J 39) Which is the correct type of weather front for P: ____ and Q: ____? A)
B)
C)
D)
Warm, Cold Occluded, Cold Warm, Occluded Cold, Warm For the next 5 questions, use the diagram at the right 40) What type of an atmosphere does this represent? A)
B)
C)
D)
Conditionally Unstable Conditionally Stable Stable Unstable 41) Match the label with the correct rate: J: ___ K: ___ L: ___ A) Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate, Environmental Lapse Rate, Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate B) Environmental Lapse Rate, Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate, Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate C) Environmental Lapse Rate, Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate, Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate D) Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate, Environmental Lapse Rate, Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate 7 | P a g e GEOL 308 Natural Hazards Quiz #1 42) What is the Environmental Lapse Rate? A) 10°C/km B) 6°C/km C) 4°C/km D) 20°C/km 43) What is the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate? A) 10°C/km B) 6°C/km C) 4°C/km D) 20°C/km 44) What is the Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate? A) 10°C/km B) 6°C/km C) 4°C/km D) 20°C/km For the next 4 questions, use the diagram at the right 45) What type of an atmosphere does this represent? A)
B)
C)
D)
Conditionally Unstable Conditionally Stable Stable Unstable 46) What is the Environmental Lapse Rate? A) 10°C/km B) 6°C/km C) 11°C/km D) 4°C/km 47) What is the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate? A) 10°C/km B) 6°C/km C) 11°C/km D) 4°C/km 48) What is the Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate? A) 10°C/km B) 6°C/km C) 11°C/km D) 4°C/km 8 | P a g e