Chapter 3: Working memory
Q1.
By what other name is Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model also known?
a)
The working memory model
b)
The modal model
c)
The levels of processing model
d)
The multicomponent working memory model
e)
The schema model
Q2.
Echoic and iconic stores are components of which memory system?
a)
Phonological
b)
Semantic
c)
Sensory
d)
Episodic
e)
Visuo-spatial
Q3.
What are the central differences between the modal model and levels of processing?
a)
The capacity of short-term memory
b)
The incorporation of subsystems verses a general principle
c)
The role assigned to rehearsal
d)
The role assigned to the amount of time information is held in short-term memory
e)
All of these
Q4.
Digit span measures which phenomenon?
a)
Levels of processing
b)
Visual short-term memory
c)
Verbal short-term memory
d)
Verbal long-term memory
e)
Visual long-term memory
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press
Q5.
Who originally coined the term "working memory" but did not elaborate it?
a)
Jacoby
b)
Baddeley and Hitch
c)
Atkinson and Shiffrin
d)
Miller, Galanter, and Pribram
e)
Ebbinghaus
Q6.
Which component of working memory was not included in the original theory?
a)
The episodic buffer
b)
The phonological loop
c)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
d)
The central executive
e)
Rehearsal
Q7.
Patient PV displayed deficits associated with which component of working memory?
a)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
b)
The episodic buffer
c)
The phonological loop
d)
The central executive
e)
None of these
Q8.
What is typically gradually increased in the nonword repetition test?
a)
Frequency
b)
Length
c)
Phonemes
d)
Testing times
e)
Pronouncibility
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press
Q9.
Why might participants perform poorly under conditions of articulatory suppression?
a)
Reliance on the iconic store and subvocal instructions
b)
Reliance on the central executive and subvocal instructions
c)
Reliance on the episodic buffer and subvocal instructions
d)
Reliance on the visuo-spatial sketchpad and subvocal instructions
e)
Reliance on the phonological loop and subvocal instructions
Q10. Which store system may be used when manipulating images?
a)
The echoic store
b)
The phonological loop
c)
The episodic buffer
d)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
e)
The central executive
Q11. What may account for Pearson, Logie, and Gilhooly’s (1999) findings?
a)
The episodic buffer interacting with the visuo-spatial sketchpad
b)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad interacting with long-term memory
c)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad interacting with the phonological loop
d)
The phonological loop interacting with the episodic buffer
e)
The episodic buffer interacting with the phonological loop
Q12. Visual imagery may rely on which working memory system?
a)
The episodic buffer
b)
The phonological loop
c)
The central executive
d)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
e)
All aspects of working memory
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press
Q13. Auditory imagery may rely on which working memory system?
a)
The episodic buffer
b)
The phonological loop
c)
All aspects of working memory
d)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
e)
No aspects of working memory
Q14. When images are drawn from long-term memory, which recently adopted working
memory store may contribute towards processing?
a)
The phonological loop
b)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
c)
The episodic buffer
d)
The echoic store
e)
The central executive
Q15. Who hypothesized that the sketchpad may include a visual cache and an "inner scribe"?
a)
Logie
b)
Baddeley and Hitch
c)
Peterson and Peterson
d)
Baddeley and Andrade
e)
Quinn and McConnell
Q16. According to Norman and Shallice, what is the SAS?
a)
Sensory arousal system
b)
Systematic attentional system
c)
Suspended attentional system
d)
Supervisory attentional system
e)
Senior attentional system
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press
Q17. Which part of the brain did Shallice link to deficits in attentional control?
a)
The amygdala
b)
The temporal lobe
c)
The hippocampus
d)
The frontal lobe
e)
The cerebellum
Q18. What appears to be the primary role of the central executive?
a)
To perform complex calculations
b)
To cause forgetting
c)
To create subsystems
d)
To process all stimuli
e)
To direct and maintain attention
Q19. According to Brown et al. (1969), how do verbal tasks interfere with driving?
a)
Lapses in vision
b)
Lapses in judgment
c)
Lapses in skill
d)
Lapses in recalling where you’ve been
e)
Lapses in recalling where you’re going
Q20. How many chunks of information can the episodic buffer hold?
a)
3
b)
7
c)
7 +/- 2
d)
5
e)
4
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press
Q21. The episodic buffer has been theorized to have connections to which system?
a)
The central executive
b)
Long-term memory
c)
The phonological loop
d)
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
e)
All of these
Q22. Who theorized that conscious awareness functions by integrating information from
various sources and binding them into perceived scenes?
a)
Ellis
b)
Johnson
c)
Baars
d)
Logie
e)
Maar
Q23. Which memory systems can be considered to be fluid, according to Baddeley (2000)?
a)
Central executive, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and phonological loop
b)
Episodic buffer, language, visual semantics, and central executive
c)
Visuo-spatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic long-term memory
d)
Central executive, episodic buffer, language, and visual semantics
e)
Visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and visual semantics
Q24. Conversely, which memory systems can be considered to be crystallized?
a)
Central executive, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and phonological loop
b)
Central executive, episodic buffer, language, and visual semantics
c)
Episodic buffer, language, visual semantics, and central executive
d)
Visual semantics, episodic long-term memory, and language
e)
Visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and visual semantics
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press
Q25. Who proposed a theory of long-term working memory?
a)
Atkinson and Shiffrin
b)
Ericsson and Kintsch
c)
Baddeley and Hitch
d)
Hubel and Weisel
e)
Norman and Shallice
For use with Memory by Alan Baddeley, Michael W. Eysenck, & Michael C. Anderson
Published by Psychology Press. Copyright © 2009 Psychology Press