Chapter 8
1. __________________ is the sum of all an organism’s chemical reactions.
2. Metabolism consists of ______________ pathways of which there are two types,
_______________ and ________________. How do these pathways work?
3. When talking about energy, there are two umbrella terms used, _______________ and
________________. __________________ energy is the energy of motion while
___________________ energy is stored energy. It is also important to know that one can be
converted to the other.
4. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can not be _________________ or
_____________, only _________________ from one form to another.
5. The second law of thermodynamics states that when energy changes from one form to another,
the quality of energy ______________ as _________________ __________________.
6. ______________ ________________, or G, is energy available to do work. An
________________ reaction will require energy, which means that change in G will be
_________________. An _________________ reaction will release energy and therefore the
change in G will be _________________.
7. ATP stands for ________________ ___________________ and it provides ______________ for
cellular work.
8. It provides energy by breaking the bond of the terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis, or
____________________.
9. When there is a chemical reaction, it involves bond breaking and bond forming. The intial
energy to start the chemical reaction is called the _______________ _____________.
10. ______________ is a chemical agent that speeds up the reaction without being consumed by
the reaction.
11. _______________ are catalyst that ______________ the activation energy barrier to speed up
reaction.
12. _________________ is the reactant an enzyme acts on and the _______________
______________ is where the substrate binds to the enzyme.
13. Once all the active sites are bound to the substrate, it is considered ______________. The only
way to make more product is to add more __________________.