MUSCLES
The muscles in the body each fall into one of
three groups:
1. VOLUNTARY or SKELETAL MUSCLESthese muscles are under the control of our
will. All these muscles are attached to the
skeleton.
These muscles make up about 40% of our body
weight.
These muscles are usually long and thin and
because they cannot PUSH they are usually
paired up e.g. BICEP and TRICEP muscles.
One muscle bends the joint (FLEXION) and
the other straightens it (EXTENSION).
These pairs of muscles are called
ANTAGONISTS.
BICEP MUSCLE- ANTAGONIST
2. INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES- These muscles,
as the name suggests, are not under our
control.
They can be found in the organs of the body,
such as the Digestive and Circulatory systems,
and they contract and relax automatically.
3. CARDIAC MUSCLE- is found in the wall of
the heart.
We cannot control it when it contracts and
relaxes, so the Cardiac Muscle is also
Involuntary.
WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE MUSCLES
WE NEED TO LEARN ?
1. DELTOID
2.PECTORALS
3.BICEPS
4.TRICEPS
5.ABDOMINALS
6.QUADRICEPS
7.TRAPEZIUS
8. LATISSIMUS DORSI
9. GLUTEALS
10. HAMSTRINGS
11. GASTROCNEMIUS
12. Erector Spinae
13. Obliques
CAN YOU GIVE EXAMPLES IN SPORT THAT
USE THESE MUSCLES ?
Muscles are made up of many muscle fibres.
The muscle fibres can be SLOW TWITCH
FIBRES or FAST TWITCH FIBRES.
We all have both types in our muscles in
different quantities, and what we have
appears to be handed down from our parents
in our genes.
SLOW TWITCH FIBRES are deep red in
colour and they have a good oxygen supply to
the working muscle.
These muscles contract slowly but they can
work for long periods of time.
CAN YOU NAME A TYPE OF SPORT
WHERE ITS COMPETITORS WOULD
HAVE MORE SLOW TWITCH FIBRES
IN THEIR MUSCLES ?
FAST TWITCH FIBRES are white and work
much more quickly, but they also tire more
quickly.
CAN YOU NAME A TYPE OF SPORT WHERE
ITS COMPETITORS WOULD HAVE MORE
FAST TWITCH FIBRES IN THEIR
MUSCLES ?
FUNCTIONAL
ANATOMY- TWITCH
FIBRES
THINK OF THE 100M FINAL IN THE
SYDNEY OLYMPICS……………
CAN YOU SUGGEST ANYTHING ABOUT
THE RACE?
TWITCH FIBRES
ARE THERE ANY SPORTS WHERE THERE IS
A NEED FOR FAST AND SLOW TWITCH
FIBRES TO BE USED?
UNDERSTANDING MUSCLES
SUMMARY
A feature of muscle fibres is that they can
contract, or pull against the skeleton.
What they cannot do is push.
Most muscles are long and thin, but when they
contract they get SHORTER and THICKER.
CHECK YOUR BICEP MUSCLE !
SIMPLE MUSCLE
MUSCLES are attached to bones by tendons.
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMYMUSCLE CONTRACTION
Although muscles are attached at both ends,
one end is called the ORIGIN and is fixed to
something rigid.
The other end, called the INSERTION, is
fixed to the bone that moves.
Bones are joined to other bones by
LIGAMENTS, which are elastic and help to
support the joint.
The ends of the bones that form a joint are
covered with smooth material called
CARTILAGE, which reduces friction between
the bones
Because muscles cannot push, to make joints
work, they are arranged in pairs called
ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS.
THE BEST EXAMPLE OF ANTAGONISTIC
PAIRS OF MUSCLES ARE THE BICEPS and
TRICEPS.
At the elbow, in order to bend the arm, the
. BICEPS contract (shorten) while the
TRICEPS relax (lengthen).
MUSCLE cells are never all resting at the same
time. Some are always ready for action, day
and night.
This is called MUSCLE TONE
FLEXIBILITY
The range of motion available in a joint.
The elasticity in a muscle can be compared
with an elastic band, which may be stretched
by a force but will return to its normal
length when the force is withdrawn.
Muscles are stretched with exercise. There
are 4 methods of performing these
stretches.
1. Static stretches
2.Ballistic stretches
3.Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
(PNF)
4.Range of Motion Stretching.
FITNESS SERIESFLEXIBILITY
MUSCLES AND FAT
In order to find your SOMATOTYPE it was
necessary to measure your body fat at
certain points on the body. Skinfold
measurements were taken at different
points and a % FAT calculation was
undertaken.
Another useful way to measure your body
fatness is by using the BODY MASS INDEX.
This is calculated by taking your weight in
kilograms and then dividing it by your height
in metres squared. The result can then be
checked against tables to indicate whether
you are HEALTHY, OVERWEIGHT or
OBESE.
All our body parts add up to make the overall
weight of our body.
Our weight without fat is known as our LEAN
BODY MASS. This includes our muscles,
bones and organs.
TOTAL HEALTH- BODY
COMPOSITION
REVISION