*Wl
tq.iJl ir"bJ tJr"Jl 6"ti(Jl3 g#l osJl., iifoJl opl-dl
Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.) Homoptera : Aleyrodidae)
*'b;,;"'e
-t+>l
4*' +l) I ,"JJl e.,r*Jt f f ,.:Fl t-lr3 ert-.,,i;;t,
q-,ll Lll tu-,+"+Jl
d€r'LJl
Triateurodesvaporariorum
,L4Jl i.,tjJl6J":*J q-"-Jl ir[i(Jl9 ur:rLJl .ry-!lr 4t ,ftdl . 1986 .;..*.ra>l ,d.P
. 13 - 8:4.t1*' (tSA0) iXlt eL:Jt qt., il-r . (Westw.)(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
J}- .r,Jl3i ,-;->\Jl3 ;LJl .gr:Jl JJ"LU ,r*;Ell
dts lrli . (F) tr+;U ;,*btjfl ;:t_rJl3 (blJ c[Vut ,'Ur* a11.. 4<; \p',Sl ir-i*Jl rlli log F = r
urL5 til L+ s4.!*; ,JJ<, iJ,^'.Jl 6oLi(J[i log F(K d-6
:u! .a+r .r.ur .16 ;,";,^IJ dJrJl ;"tc(Jl rlli tog F)K
OJ* .lh,J log F = 1.6411K = 0.114 ,i[ a-lrJl a./ cj
Jt * J4 tj,o, c logF)K Jp rii *,s I t.s27 ojtl
.4b L"f ;oL6.rl! L31J^JI 'Lrr,ll ;,1,;.11 'r^cLr::ll
^-.il-.tjJl
,J!,t!t
.
6L..> i_,13r : iozl:n,
.:L-"5
+y'l
e"Ll(Jl
>l.rpYl d:s:,l:,-r_,
JU,*, k,t;i # W-*: irrr1r )tjpt JL "-+ 4'3,
g,ttJl ,-it-j!
. (7,3) c.r3.7,[JXl Jt*,-St 6
"A;;t
JtlyJ
'Lr,,ll 1g.i11 thl.j ,ll ;r5l
.e.*+lt ;;3Yt or i,kll +tJrt J.-Ul .r +-r,Jt ;"e
[:.i-ta .uai
LJ,-,.j1 6'tj5,Jl J+J-*, tl o-trr-lt oj^
".r
.,t*l ,y.,* ,F J-rLll .rll .*; ar-r LJarlJ
LJ4J\J e.|l oplJAl &4 a-ly.: Jl iit.."l (;r-uJt
:.i..t (LlJrJl \hi b*rSl;rr:*U
:1*#t ftr;:-l
e44;*il1 fu_FJl
tiL',, L"t.r;:-l er-.$-J f;l,Ftt
..fL!l g;:Jt ,-lJ
airr*di)l
,Lz,)l
i;'b.l
$|e $,'
iLtlJl .rl.r,:*Jl e-"r-, [;,,i rii 4-lJrJl oj,o 'lr--Y
./!ilJ
euiJ i..,-Jl +tJl o-dl ,y
$lyl
"*o;u
".i"t1l
(i'-,b br-ri .# AVf ,;W::-rjo.,-,1i.*Jl .rEL;
6"
'>l-:.Al Cl
,2.i11
.
l-yib L1)
l+ .r)liYly dl;ul
ftill ir ,./t4
C.+Jl
+t "
;i .i*iL* ilYJt*-,:t J*i .f
"p
.:tr -ri or; o:;t'e ,; ;!t;LJl ,rl,.J,ll .rLg*"
,* *l-t+ 6i;^1 t );.-)i5 l.t+ .#, ell*i 4:,lJ? ;tli,
,.b-o)
r
AiI;Jl
"L,:::ll ^nqilJ
,lJFt1l it->
613.r
!:*;:
JJa.$ ;-i ,al bl s-*3j (Tialeurodes vaporariorum)
?E r.u.e iLtljt ;r:,Jt J! i,',,tt ,* ,t ,k ,*
L.*_ts
.Uy- 24 - 21 € 87% - 79 *
l27 - 22 iir>
,r+.ul .rfl +-l1..rJ UV 6* * u-ri;Jl .-r.1tn:Jl
!-rJl € €t e-r * Wi ,-J" o-#l ,t^a"Jl LuilJ
.rL;, . Jl9 o"QJ t2.0% -9.6,8.2 -5.4, 15.9 - 5.8
"
Jt_lt ,-k s.,,liJl,r
JJI"",rl i-i":.}l :t-r-Yl ir("L*r JJ" *:krY!
!r)\-:,rYl ,f *-.rUlJ (K) J.-ldll J-t Ld,
I"J.A.Jl
r)iut"uroa"r"t ,' ,rll o-.iL-liJl
,t'
r
vaporariorum (Westw.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
j
L4.i L-.i c+!3:51
126
;*r-*l;
J! ,f
Vy
41+.-"
1156
Op
.dtJl
(Aleyrodidae)
dt>
,-f
+dl
,;r,,rll -,UJl ;$t,
Z+r, ,1i4. e+ tr;) Ltr ,--Yf l-re grf $! i*:.r-- +;ul :-riJl ;,. )* ,jl: $";-,15 drl fL?i
i,->i
iLt<t ;r:At "rb
gtr
;r+Jl .r JSJ .
O-;.rli a-.-ai kJ *U: 4'r*, .rL.;r-r lrlt ,;n
;r-:--igli AJUJ
. (6)
'lJ^-- ji "l.r,y
*,)i;Jt
;"-l
L*y.=P Cl,
T' vapotariorum
'l
eU
r::ll t-iqiJlJ
sUly ,-.Ul 4flJrl cL-rir=Jl .r" +J^Jl ?=ri L::*11.r
u.aL.a*l a-h V.rULjt , L--ds c (2) -,L:.e1lr **jl
.:tr.J.iJl U At-t- ,a"b :.2aj J! AUt .4,J;Jl iJL.a,Jl
(1)
-;c1l ./qiX i+.Jl ;3-u.ll .rl;lril * y dlt
* )t*\t ap er.;LJt a)\;Yt ,* (y J!_r .,(a
J-, J! iit.,l ,c,lJelLJ ,t'l;jl Ct*Jl ul. ;.ttljl
,)i J*:,-Jl ;/ .i!i JS (4) .)UtlJ '*:-Jl /lJ,Il
.
8:
4.il*
(1986) 4rr,Jl
.:tJl
r1U;
:1ru
:.,ilt
'
j,.,JJ
Lr=100-D,1
Lz=100-Dzr;
L, =100_Drri
qLJt 6r-ijl
.:l"r-cY
,r^:;L;ll .i)\;;Yl & ,q
;i:J )r,=Jl-, (t) JrJ.r^Jt .-.."..-,. U ^i-)tJb
:..,;)s ai)lr,,j ,Ftr ,F o!
kr = (log NE - log N1)
k2 = (log N1
k3= (log Np
,.t-Y!
;.''ilt
>-t -:,-
-
.-JI,l,t U-*J
olt
)"tre
log Np)
.:lt
L.r:r ,i Jl (10) Varley et at )l^xl \i^\J
lil td.l c log F = K dli L* A:l-* A-JJ-rJl {,-rj*Jl
cii5 lib c logF(K oJ# i ++ 4,J.:=ll ;"ti(Jl c;t5
: F :€^3 c log F)K rllj ;-r9 LJ,-JI 6eU<Jl ;Jr;
r-ll Jt- J)tr- .r.!l ' K . Lr-4;Jl
i-:rU.Jlr
drlCl
;p. )t*l c :*.ls ;t- ,i-.e,iJt1'l L*::
,.,:rl
,k -b 'l,4,JJ;p,*i,ti U.r-.3, c:llil
")c,t
"127 -22 i_slr>..:[-.-,1.r .u.c ;Lt(.lt ;iJt J! ell J"
&li;jl o 6s .V-zq-2r ,?87% -7s * **:s
;-:ojl rrli
I'3s - zs JLI-;etbt ,i "1zz - 18 Jl ;JlFt
,lriJu .r;t Jl e4t c r.Arldi ;r":"Jl k;F.; !,-.rt
*-.i!iJl
;rlFl .rL-.:* c^jJi t" lil .>t.:jl r,
. (r) J;.r+ 4>*4,
Lt<Jl
t'f,
;r:,Jt ,;
<,.1,d.U
"-x .:\r*ll 4ilJ,. c.-"i .4Ll.lJl .:lr*L".ll .f JU-jt,
r-.: .)U;t Ji o;))t ;te LJ->-JI gtrJ1l o,,a>)'
f-.+Jlr{rdl r>.; ,:,U-Jl 4{p-ll ir/ ,5',;tjJlri t*i*;
d,)Li L.fii ,p e lJ-d."lr ..r+l ;rs la)-as b3:
. (9,5) ol:-fu
ir.2Jl ;,ti<il L-_,1: +.et- -. _rH d
"*J
..-,lr-Jl :l.r-cl d:+Lrir
a;,") ;tsl*1 ,t i::ll
"fJ-;
.( k
$Ju"uJI .l.hl t<J" Jl}j .r:llr a+l-.:Jt lj.-rUl
;V
;
Lk J-d,i .)lJi,-lJ LFI
,* L.,i"*rl j
Cd U.F d, e-JJJ-Jl et,:..11 ;JLjJl e.r.-"e ;t dl Js
i-=.-:,Jl i* Jl Ji Vr-;et tilj ii* 113 t.r ""Jl .,i
.(4 L3 c2Js.l*.) Jltll
;,U(jl d
t
:,-';)s
N = ( Nu
J*t<Jl )r.ut
- Nr) + ( N. -
Jl,la
Np) + ( Np
d Ct-, i:^Jt .:lri'!t
-
Nn )
)J, :Np ,.rLifl )J-e : N1- 1,cffJl )J-c :NE e.r.iLt<Jl olr.=Jl )J, : NA c6;_,1lJ,Jl
rl.r-c'!l
C U)\,JLy dlJ! r--i
tliJt
+ ,f tb ;-p ,t .)dJ a,Jil1 ;, ";Jl
. ;;r. lj-o3 (D,, Dr, o.,...; ;tJl ,_Fl ,)li:Lit ,tr,:lt
s*;
or-r-."il
.r ,j.-Y
.,J'9'Jl
:
o,=
Jxe:x4x
NE
nr=
o,
=
(Nt:--It)
1oo%
JA;r:>
$:NE xll x 1oo%
D: :.r:-lJ ,rt<Jl U*+Jl Jy(,,
c()."-y JS ,-p olty orJt gLs
D = Dr + D2 +
,"Jj, i.1*5
W -*
ttJl .-J" r-*xi3 .JtJl r:tll :li"!
P,'= -OE: xt)
JS J!, t:1 ,ra (Sex-ratio)
.A;-
kt .r.+
c{ Q-,,_f arr Cl ;,_ri".Jl irr:,.1t 6t > 6,13r r-l;.: .u-e
425.3
;.r*i . 22.5% Jl l-,r"."1t +; ,pi*s L-qrl.rri ,li
tJ3-r+
(2nd
9-
)
jtfll
56.5
;r"::- 327.7 J-e u*a- .t-iJt j
,6-Jl ,:>s Lirrtl :* e
Lrr.^r
+LL-5
€
!y'| eQl qUe;J4
4
.(5
",b
xloo%
a.,.:[Jl :l.r-c"Jl
c()--y #
5
100%
p,r = (N._ Np) y
100%
orr = -(Nl-xe) x
100%
,=/ qzJl
;"
:Jhll
.
i-,il! oj-a.rl,i
q)-t
,-F ,F|t -il:; ,ri .:l.rr5U er.u-Jl .,./l ,!l*
,yut .-* L,r*;Gll oAt ,f (t) J:JrJt t'- .i):bJl
.J-allr ;tJl .g-il|
:t-r-i 4,-t-uJl t cre; Jr.r-Jl li-a .i,_-u ,Fi cr
ulilt
;-lJJ ;"r ;.l.J c.-r.?i lt L_FJI -,. _,)t_*Jl ,ri
t-U-Y ,-i.r1t !/qiX dl"t<Jt Jf rlrtA .,+#l .:lt
,"-*."il 4*".rit ciL-SJ ,-ar!Jt cyJl ,; t-.;AU;;t
nl ,/ s.s% sK L+ ,;'Vt Ut oi 15.e% L-yrJti
t2.0% - 9.6 LrrtiJb 8.2% - s.4 gt<i .riill Li (,ugl
;/#l
t
rt.
o;r.(,
,rl..,a.ll
l*,_,rt-,
o-.i!iJl
log Na)
6r:,Al .[7Jl r_b;p J>\;
K=kt+kr+k3
.
+i-r-- .)UU 4. p:f uo*l
€","1-i i Aea 24 )J),. Jx. . a"L.;Yl J.- ,Jt<"
€ *y-f|
F ,t+) J-- J5& ,-'"Jl k-L Lt'dt;iL'Jl .!lJr1l
(u JJl i^ru \+4;V.rt ;L-l- +Ll$l -,lr-:"=ll
r*Jl FJI ,/ .:Ii r+ qul ua-"\l u*;J)
s"t .lr.
)ti5u IJLJI LJlr
'"L' ;LJl -Ls
:* ,;: 6.6% btg-- Li:rll t* € r/l eH 4,Jill
;t*-Jl eL:j JLt!, . tt.z%,lJjJt ,*
el.r% 4i;l
ul-c 88.S% c 92.9 c nA ar-5* Ail-j;Jl rFt"rl ,j
iiL;Jlrlrt1 ;[*Jl JrJr" f-- jli yi aayi .JFl
;|;=ll JrJ.t" f- Jri-.r ;lfl crle 0.89 c 0.93 r 0.93
:* crrJl & (t) .-,ll ,J"tr -it .0.77 9,r--13
"p
J! .i;l t* ,y ljit t*3 o.o3 4r;l )* JL all
,- l JLr;"Jt ,,,J.Jt ,r:At r:efi.l32dF- 'lriJl
.0.1149 (K) ;triJl -r-r, JS J)l- -,ll lil .0.0s2 J',KJI
qFJt.iJrEJt
.
t* JLr-6iJt s-Nl cs ,ir; za.ry'l oLS instar)
;r*,Jt ,* G-:;"!t ,.rJ.tt dr Litj 28.3 dt-t otJiJt
dly *#r.jl;yt ,J<ll e^+Jt JF-.,
. irrr +r.: ;Lt(it
l:L":r13 . 97.6 4LLlJl 4L;l Jl ,F
d
. 6.8 dJ'<i J'.:lJl .r#J tu"J ".Jl LJl ,J!i .rl:L .Jl
.j.-, ;tr
Jri-., . JlJrJl .b cS-,ljJb .:l.irJle ,r.r-"il t 9.2 ,. 6.5
,-f-il )l-, C *y.J! bly .l.a Jy, 4+Jl :lri'!l ;.r
)-v-e . 22.5% \J UFI di ..;- LJ erJ;Al &\l
:..;Jl 1!l . 77.5% iLt<Jl ;,l.-ll
Jl c-J-rr ,rJl ulr..-Jl
.,.i
t&; L.*rs;;t;.rL-.;.: Je ,\ i..tt;,t-rJtrt ,tir,- . I J;-r+
Table 1. Development of the whitefly in the laboratory under various temperature and humidity conditions.
iq"it
+.LU;JI JFI
Jt ,-.}; ;b
.:)\"LJl
Development period (days)
("P) 6:12-
-
35"C
% e4
L.JL)
T*
25
i-llrT* 25 - 30'C
("P)
8-6
61
-
('P) ;;l;r
T* rg - 22"C
("P) ;-'17-
T*
V. "*; \*;
RH* 85-90% RH*
Treatments
22
-
27"C
u4; \*: ,t"'#\*_t
RH*
81%
8-6
79
-
RHr* 62
87%
8-7
-
t-bl
g0%
Stage
13-12
,
eb)
Eggs
13-11
6-5
10-9
oU-e
10-8
Larvae
9-8
8-7
10-9
- lit5)t*
15-t4
Pupae
30-25
24-21
26-22
38-34
ft-'i'y
6,;,o.!l
Jrt
Period length (days)
{+
T = Temperature: RH = Relative humidity
1;-tr;rJ *-** t,-*)
rl
::.11 ;JLjJl
02; G#l .ryJl . 2 JsJe;
Table 2. Natural death of the whitefly eggs (laboratory experiment over a period of 2 years)
.:', *l i,-3il1
L-yill ;,
;,,,"rJl
a*sr;sr
Natural death
of eggs (%)
5.9
4.7
6.8
5.8
lst year
19.6
6.9
21.3
15.9
.:Ufl
U
,_e_lt
Alive eggs %
Number of
:-rr
dot^;Sl
hatchecl
Zna
yru,
,):i u. Uu c- Jti xlst year 2ndyear lst year
i:)t
rre
Number of observed
larvae
,):i ;'''
ZnAy"u,
L. 11.;Jl
,'.tl
4IGA
eggs
!'
{:.- }3\
*2nd year lst Year
4tu
94.1
80.4
95.3
93.
93.2
78.7
835
252
896
320
94.2
84.1
9-j6.0
249.3
992.7
294.'7
1
I
858
I {t.5
ll-s
-31 I
.:rl.1r(Jl
Replicates
1
91.2
230
I
170
334
II
III
I
lr
tuJ41-
Mean
*lt
.:tJt
4rUJ
il+ -
10
\P
6rJ
(dr*.Le
y-*),1,^r,lt
.:Ul o,rlJl .'yJl
i1,;.11
. 3 Jr-r+
Table 3. Natural death of the whitefly larvae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (laboratory experiment over a period of 2 years).
LJiJI
i-'Jl
.rl
,rr.ul uU,.lt
Natural death of larvae
UU
2nd
Jl
ir,Jt .rU-U qj.Jt L
%
Living Larvae 7"
i:- ,)j t;
{it i!
year 1st year 2ndyear
JS
lst
A4t*;)1 .:l'irJl :.r
il-*.Jl .g-1ljJl :.r-c
No. ofobserved
larvae
t -' U
erJ.l
LUL
-J.i
L-
lst
2nd year
1st year
No. of developped pupae
r-
year
Uu
e-
2nd year
.rllr(Jl
year
Replicates
10.2
5.3
89.8
94.7
575
991
640
t047
I
9.9
8.-5
89.1
9l .5
-s46
7'76
606
ti48
II
4.5
2.5
95.-5
97.5
464
582
,186
597
8.2
5.4
91.5
94.6
-s28.3
783.0
577.3
830.7
III
!-rJl
Mean
(dr-,t, 6J.J
\-* L.;q ,l;)l
,J'lU ,r':JJl .rll
LUJI
Jt+
.a
Table 4. Natural death of the whitefly pupae (laboratory experiment over a period of 2 years)
t-FlLJl
."yJ
4,"Jil1
aJl
a>UYl
:.f
:'t,
,5.1ljJl
i.eJ-:
d;JljJl
r.,Jl ,g,;ljJJ
cr[JUl Q;. r-.;l^Jl
Natural death
of pupae (%)
Living pupae
No. of moulting
skin (emerged adults)
,JtuLJl
UU
i:-
2ndyear
(%)
,)1i e>
lstyear
!U
2nd
i:- jji e>'
year lst yea.r
i:- Jrii,-
Uu
2ndyear
1st
year
No. of
Uu
2nd
Replicates
L- Jtl'^-
286
199
318
188
189
219
11.9
89.9
7.8
9.0
9.6
85.8
o))
88.3
91.0
241
t7l
273
88.0
904
238.3
186.3
2'70.0
11.7
observed
year
14.2
12.0
.:,1;r5.Jl
-t1
pupae
10.1
88.1
:-i-c
1st Year
226
205
I88
206.3
I
II
III
t ,'t
Mean
.
Table
5. Biotic potential of the population of the
Mature insects
Lr"+Jl
Summation
ilS olr.=
ot-t-*
L.,i-
Replicates
Mean
LA,JtJ
J-V -A;}*,ri 'Li,,ll itiJl
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Pupae 6,1lj.e
L-jt
Mean
Larvae
ol:*
L.i".
Replicates
Mean
32
in its
;'l.4<Jl . 5 J:.it
different developmental stages.
Esss id
.rlir,
ol:-*
ttu)-
Replicates
Mean
32
ol:-*
.>lr:3)t
Replicates
Factors
32
Nr
Na
32.77 313 388
6r":,j ;,-Fl
282
369.0 336 460 31t
397.3
341 497
354 425.3
374 s22
e,;:Jl :lrjll
380
:-r-e
Number of insects
{
4r.3 23 72 29
=st.c
28.3
5374328
t*
33
l{.:iJl:1i11:-r-c
Number of dead insects
for each stage
9.2 6.1 13.8
{=zz.sx
11.2
7.6 6.5 1.3 7.1
7.1
11.3
6.8 8.8 4.8
c,j-))"/"
6.8
Death (%)
6.6
srJl
6LJ%
Succeding death
88.8
92.9
93.4
;l=2-Jt
(%)
5EJ%
Succeding development
*-,pv
0.77
0.89
0.93
0.93
;Pt
JjJ-u
-;
Coefficient of life
=
2.515
2.567
2.599
2.629
;;Jl
J
^:,Li,J
l''-
Populationlog.
{ r = o.tt+
11-
lcy'l .r!:ll
0.052
0.032
0.03
(t<)
J-/.r"lt
Coefficient k
qU-9
il+
,l*i ,y,* ,F .,, +_,.:*il rt.r.e"!l er!-.; L..+-e .,;i+-*-Jl
d ..*Llt .);l.Jl ..*j .ij- rU:eYl ;::r ir"il g. .y't
9.2"/" e 6.5 c 6.8 L+ ,)i J** L"5
F"J llJ ,r* ,F
Je Jp-; up ;Fl .,le c;rl.iJlr -,l.r;b
""r1!
UISI s,l1j-e 4408769 c+3--,-47t526! ti rt;5}5g}g3
.( 6 J-r.t+) 4Ll5 ;r^1:- d/.
*rPl
6/Jl .-td ;t4tjt-*Jl irJ- Crr U^ ar'.
,J"lr" kJ" ;r- I lil ilrU .:l"rL .r.t-.y i: e i..ty-Jl
J<* Cl ;r.(l ,lr*;'!1 ,lr J+ eui Js .;:.* q-. rtJ4 qJ" et ,':11 € UU d lil erj,Jl .i^ I.6-*: ,Ji
.t jt*J l-6Jt,51 J" r*lJ L<Jl
"ijLrl
Table
=i u.*Sl
6. Arithmetic multiplication
lncrease in insect
.*,lJl
(-' J
.
iJl
4th
generation
5059293
number
gJUJI
.;r"+.Jf
e:'-;
./
q*Jt
:ti"!t *+, .jl, ,i+
F = log 43.8 = 1.641 :.lyj- F i-rt-J.l
1.527 = L"6-i $A\ , log F = 1.64t blj,K = 0.114
.ri t+y
log
;/;r,Ji C*r
rog
r')r
: ..rf
ill
kJ" tLa- ;:Jl .rt"t -Jl oi^ ;r
ols L-f 6,t6 .rlr d,-ljJl t>i ee*J.Jl 'L',,11 ;gi1
.qjb qLkjl k;,15 6J-u
a*Ji -t-,Jt f Jb-;,_,".r1t ./qiJt ji ti;,;ll l;l
.f
ar#
*l_t)l c,-rr.Jl G rL+Jl .:tjQ -bL:; ;;; Jy, Jt-.?i
oll ijr-.r-Jl.7ia^,riJ>U (L*-
:lrill
'r ;,,t1 tutjit
;:[;
rlr.il :.r.c
.r-/;,-jtl i,;Jl
iujr tJl
JrIl J+t
t*,F 4 4!tt
r.r.e
3rd
2nd
generation
generation
113170
;t
ir:.*;W eer,
6
Js+
of whitefliesover four generation after elimination death for each stage.
tJt
a-'
tZ.l
q4:.-;r^>.J' Ji Jl ;rL:;),1 (j*
,rt-*; )i t 22.5'h d; ,.r*Uf ,:ll ;*J erj-56.5 t+J
.
oj
rJlrlrti A )* ,f
u^i . i r:i
Insect number in
Natural death in
the Lst generation
each stage 7o
253r
56.5
2359
52.7
6.8
q$t ),pl
insect
Stage of
;
"rr\l
-s*
Egg stage
471526r
105474
6.5
fi)t t*
Larval stage
4408769
98618
2206
49.3
9.2
,bist
)*
Pupal stage
4003162
89545
44.8
2003
J,,r<JlrlJl
Mature stage
Ahstract
Treifi, A.H. 1986. The ecological characteristics and natural death and the biotic potential of the whitefly, Trialeurodes
vaporariorum (Westw.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Arab J. Pl. Prot. 4:8 - 13
The life cycle of the different stages of the whitefly,
Trialeurodes vaporaiorum (Westw.) was studied. It was
found that the shortest period for the development of this
insect from egg to adult at temperature 22 - 27"C and
79 - 87% R.H. is 2l - 24 days. Experiments which were
done for two years showed that the natural death of the
insect was not so high, as its average was: 5.8 -15.9,
5.4 - 8.2, 9.6 - 12.0% for egg, larval and pupal stages,
respectively. Upon relaying on the analysis of the dynamic of
the insect numbers, which we called the analysis factor (K),
this indication expresses the logarithmical difference for the
precedent and succeeding insect stage. It is known that when
the insect population has a biotic equilibrum then log F= K.
If the biotic potential is weak then log f(f , Uut if the biotic
potential is strong then log F)K; where F= fertility,
K= death during one generation. It was proved that log
F=1.641, K=0.114, thus the difference between them is
1.527 which means that the population of the whitefly was
very strong and had the capacity of high biotic potential.
Additional key words: biotic potential dynamic, life cycle,
white fly.
+ey'l .rLJl \t;J'41+-12
References
to
pesticides. Method for whiteflies (e.g.,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.) and tentative
method for detecting resistance in adult whiteflies. FAO
Plt. Prot. Bull. 27 N2:52 - 55.
pests
Mound
L.A. and S.H. Halsey.
A
of
1978. Whitefly
the
systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae
(Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data.
British Museum (Natural History). 340 pp.
world.
7.
J., 1977. Zwalczanie maczlika
szklarniowego ( Trialeurodes vaporatiorum Westw.).
Ocher. Rosl. 21: L3 - 14.
Narkiewcz-Jodko,
Smirnov
N.A.
1950.
O borbi s belokrylkoj, Zascita
rastenii ot vreditelei i beleznei 4:43
9.
Treifi
A.H.
-
of
protected environment. disser. Kiev, pp: 48
-
Ekologia populiacij nasekomyh
podhod). Moskva <Kolos", 222
s.
. (We.tw.)
.':.,lr5/J 4"Jtall
(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
3.
.
z
Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westw.)
. 10 - 4:3 9ll .r!."t| ._Uy
"t4 .LJlSt
L
t*Al
Bondarenko, N.H. 1955. Belokrylka, S. 67 _ 71 V Kn.
Vrediteli ovoshnyh Kultur V parnikah
(M.L.)
i
teplicah.
Selhezgiz
4.
Dancig, E.M. 19i2. podotriad ALEYRODOIDEA
_
Aleirodidy ili belokrylki, S. 146 - 149,V kn Nasekomye
i kleshi vrediteli selskohoziastvennyh kultur. Tom l,
izdalestvo
(L).
197g.
(Analiticheskii
iiUJ ol+
- 83 :z \)l
sl+ll h it a-t1: . 1985 .;-e r?i , up)
"Lr .ll LtiJl ;.ri- i*jt<, d ++.."Jt \_uJlJ;l
51.
Varley G.C., G. Gradwell and M.p. Hassel.
1
86
the
greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Westw.) growth using new methods for its control in
10.
.)Ul
45.
1982. Biological characteristics
€t)l
JL**l . 19g4 . J*> Jii ,,A-J .
Jllt'il -il<i Beauveria aa.s.srana (Bats) .IJUUl
Trialeurodes vaporariorum ,t ,'":ll q!.1L! 4Lt<Jl
4,
6.:L-
5.
"Nauka>
FAO method N 23.1979. Recommended methods for the
detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural