Unit 3: Expansion and Reform
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1.
abolition
4.
Bleeding
Kansas
(1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery
and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to
Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or
not Kansas would a slave state or a free state.
The movement to end slavery
2.
Abraham
Lincoln
5.
cotton
gin
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds
from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed
quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown
and more slaves are needed for more acres of
cotton fields.
16th President of the United State; Republican; his
election triggered the secession of several southern
states
3.
Andrew
Jackson
6.
Dred
Scott v.
Sanford
1857 Supreme Court decision which ruled that
Congress could not ban slavery in the territories,
and that slaves were not citizens
7th President of the United States; Democrat;
highlights of his administration include the Indian
Removal Act, the nullification crisis, and the Bank
veto
7.
Eli
Whitney
An American inventor who developed the cotton
gin.
8.
Elizabeth
Cady
Stanton
11.
Frederick
Douglass
American abolitionist and writer; he escaped
slavery and became a leading African American
spokesman and writer. He published his
autobiography and founded the abolitionist
newspaper, the North Star.
A prominent advocate of women's rights;
organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with
Lucretia Mott
9.
Embargo
Act
12.
1807 act which ended all of America's importation
and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would
pressure the French and British to recognize U.S.
neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really,
however, just hurt Americans and our economy
and got repealed in 1809.
10.
Escaped slaves fleeing from recapture by their
owners
13.
Erie
Canal
fugitive
slaves
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
An artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river
at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo
Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
14.
Harriet
Tubman
17.
American abolitionist. Born a slave on a
Maryland plantation, she escaped to the
North in 1849 and became the most
renowned conductor on the Underground
Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to
freedom.
15.
James
Madison
4th President of the United States; DemocraticRepublican; President during the War of 1812
18.
John
Brown
impressment
A white American abolitionist who believed armed
insurrection was the only way to overthrow the
institution of slavery in the United States.
British practice of taking American sailors and
forcing them into naval service
16.
James K.
Polk
19.
11th President of the United States; Democrat;
President during the Mexican-American War
John
Marshall
Federalist Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court
whose tenure was characterized by decisions
strengthening the power of the federal
government
20.
Lewis
and Clark
25.
Marbury v.
Madison
Explorers sent on an expedition by Jefferson to
gather information on the United States' new land
and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very
careful maps and records of this new land
acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.
21.
The
Liberator
22.
LincolnDouglas
Debates
Anti-slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd
Garrison; drew attention to abolition
Marshall Court decision which etablished the
Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
26.
McCulloch
v.
Maryland
Marshall Court decision which ruled on the
constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
according to a loose interpretation of the Elastic
Clause
27.
Monroe
Doctrine
In 1858 Abraham Lincoln challenged Stephen
Douglas for Senator of Illinois. The had several
famous debates over the future of slavery.
23.
Louisiana
Purchase
Territory in western United States purchased
from France in 1803 for $15 million
24.
Manifest
Destiny
1800s belief that Americans had the right to
spread across the continent.
1823 foreign policy statement calling for
European non-interference with affairs in
Western Hemisphere and American noninterference in European affairs
28.
Nat Turner
32.
Second
Great
Awakening
Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia.
Revolt caused the deaths of 20 whites and 40
blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any
discussion of slavery in the House of
Representatives
29.
nullification
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801;
stressed a religious philosophy of salvation
through good works and tolerance for all
Protestant sects
33.
sectionalism
Loyalty to one's own region of the country,
rather than to the nation as a whole
A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress
that it considers unconstitutional
30.
31.
popular
sovereignty
protective
tariff
34.
Seneca Falls
Convention
The notion that the people of a territory should
determine if they want to be a slave state or a free
state.
35. spoils
system
A tax on imported goods that raises the price of
imports so people will buy domestic goods
The first national women's rights convention
(1848) at which the Declaration of Sentiments
was written
Practice of rewarding supporters with
government jobs
36.
Stephen
Douglas
39.
Thomas
Jefferson
3rd President of the United States; DemocraticRepublican; highlights of his administration include
the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark
expedition
Senator from Illinois who introduced the
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
37.
Susan B.
Anthony
40.
Trail of
Tears
(1838-39) an 800-mile forced march made by the
Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to
Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of almost
one-fourth of the Cherokee people
Leader of the women's suffrage movement
38.
temperance
41.
The movement to limit the consumption of
alcohol
Uncle
Tom's
Cabin
Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that convinced
many Americans it was time to end slavery in the
United States
42.
Underground
Railroad
A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the
North (later Canada)
43.
War of 1812
Conflict (1812-1815) which resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with
American trade, and impressment of American sailors into the British navy
44.
William Lloyd
Garrison
Radical abolitionist who demanded immediate emancipation of slaves and full citizenship rights; published The
Liberator